
Figure ① On September 25th, China International Airlines flight CA9597 took off from Beijing Daxing International Airport. On the same day, Beijing Daxing International Airport was officially opened to traffic. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yan Huanzong photo

Fig. ② At 10: 50 on May 23rd, a high-speed maglev test prototype with a speed of 600 kilometers per hour in China was rolled off the assembly line in Qingdao. This marks a major breakthrough in the field of high-speed maglev technology in China. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Ziheng photo

Figure ③ At 12: 06 on June 5th, China successfully launched the technical test satellites A and B of Fengshou-1 and five commercial satellites into the scheduled orbit by the Long March 11th sea-launched carrier rocket in the Yellow Sea, and the test was successful. This is the first time that China has carried out the launch technology test of launch vehicle at sea. Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhu Yushe

Fig. 4 Xiao Liquan (middle), director of Computer Research Institute, School of Computer Science, National University of Defense Technology, discussed with team members in the high-performance computer room of Tianhe II. Xinhua news agency
Reporter Liu Yin
Scientists in China have successfully cloned hybrid rice seeds by gene editing technology. The domestic high-speed maglev train with a speed of 600 kilometers per hour is about to "take off". The Beijing Daxing International Airport, which is known as the "seventh wonder of the new world", opened its doors to welcome guests, and the first sea launch technology test of China’s launch vehicle was a complete success & HELIP; …
The countdown to 2019 begins. Looking back on this year, keeping a close eye on the forefront of international development and focusing on the key issues of the national economy and people’s livelihood, a series of scientific and technological achievements in China have made major innovations and breakthroughs, leaving a colorful China mark on the world scientific and technological stage. Below, follow the reporter to relive the exciting highlights.
Benefiting the world, our scientists have successfully cloned hybrid rice seeds.
In January, the team of Wang Kejian, the State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology of China Rice Research Institute, established the apomixis system of rice by using gene editing technology, successfully cloned hybrid rice seeds, and realized the stable inheritance of hybrid rice characters to the next generation for the first time. The achievement was published online in the journal Nature Biotechnology.
Wang Kejian introduced that the annual planting area of hybrid rice in China exceeds 240 million mu, accounting for 57% of the total planting area of rice, and the output accounts for about 65% of the total rice output; Hybrid rice can increase production by about 2.5 million tons per year, which can feed an additional 70 million people. "This work proves the feasibility of apomixis in hybrid rice and is a major breakthrough in the field of apomixis research." Yuan Longping, the "father of hybrid rice" and an academician of China Academy of Engineering, said.
When it comes to the continuous tackling of hybrid rice, we have to mention Yuan Longping born after 1990s. On September 24th, in Wulanhaote, Inner Mongolia, the final result of Yuan Longping’s workstation in Xing ‘an League, Yuan Longping’s large-scale trial planting of saline-alkali tolerant rice in Inner Mongolia, became a special gift from Yuan Longping’s team for the 70th anniversary of the founding of New China: the measured yield per mu was 508.8kg, which exceeded the "passing line" of Academician Yuan Longping.
It is worth mentioning that hybrid rice not only solves the problem of eating in China, but also benefits the whole world. The largest international agricultural science and technology poverty alleviation project led by China scientists, "Cultivating green super rice for resource-poor areas in Africa and Asia", ended in Beijing on April 2. Since the implementation of the project for 11 years, a large number of new green super rice varieties with high yield and multi-resistance (drought resistance, salt tolerance, flood tolerance, high nutrient efficiency, etc.) have been cultivated efficiently, and 78 new varieties and 6.12 million hectares have been popularized in 18 countries in Asia and Africa, which has significantly increased the income of 1.6 million farmers. At the same time, the "3000 Rice Genome Project", which represents the frontier of rice scientific research, has been completed, which has promoted the technological revolution of rice from conventional breeding to molecular design breeding.
2 Super equipment, the smartest shield machine challenges the sea crossing project.
Not far from the center of Dalian, there is a barracuda Bay, and Dalian Metro Line 5 will pass through this bay. Considering the access of giant ships, it is impossible to set up a cross-sea bridge, so the submarine tunnel is adopted. And this project gave birth to a super equipment.
On January 18th, Haihong shield machine was launched in Dalian, which is the smartest shield machine developed by China. Haihong shield machine is specially developed by China Railway for this project, and it is also the most versatile shield machine in the world, and its core component design is leading the world. Zhang Guoliang, the designer of Haihong, said that the cutter head of Haihong shield machine has a diameter of 12.26 meters, the length of the whole machine is about 158 meters, and the total weight is about 2,840 tons. It is equipped with a more sophisticated sensing system, and the shield machine can be adjusted as soon as possible when it "feels" unbalanced strength during tunneling.
Haihong shield machine also has an extremely useful skill: changing knives at normal pressure, whereas in the past, professionals adapted to the air pressure in advance and entered the cabin to change knives. Haihong shield machine changed the cutter at normal pressure on a smaller cutter head with a diameter of 12.26 meters, creating the best in the world. The opening of Haihong shield machine means that China has mastered another stunt in the field of cross-sea tunnel engineering, which has opened up a new world for the construction of long tunnels under the sea.
3 China Technology Beijing Daxing International Airport has created many "best in the world"
Speaking of the major scientific and technological achievements that frequently made headlines in 2019, Beijing Daxing International Airport can’t miss it. Daxing International Airport covers an area of 1.4 million square meters and is the largest single terminal in the world. In 2016, it was selected as the first of the "Seven Wonders of the New World" by the British media.
As early as January 22nd, the news that Beijing Daxing International Airport successfully calibrated its flight for the first time caused widespread concern. According to the Civil Aviation Administration of China, the flight calibration system used this time has China’s independent intellectual property rights, and China has become the sixth country in the world to independently develop the flight calibration system by virtue of this system.
Located as a large-scale international aviation hub, Beijing Daxing International Airport has a number of "China technologies" that have set many "best in the world". "The eight C-shaped columns supporting the roof of the core area of the terminal building are irregular free-form surface space grid steel structures with an area of more than 180,000 square meters and a weight of more than 40,000 tons." Relevant constructors said that during the construction process, 3D laser scanning technology and measuring robot were adopted, and more than 8,000 pairs of interfaces were accurately docked at millimeter level.
It is reported that there are 12,800 pieces of glass used in the whole terminal building, of which 8,000 pieces of glass are completely different, and 12,300 spherical joints and more than 60,000 connecting rods are connected with each other, making the construction difficulty the highest in the world. Daxing International Airport has also realized the mode of high-speed rail passing through the terminal building and double entry and double exit for the first time. It is also the airport with the highest degree of intelligence, and various intelligent new technologies have been widely used.
4 Sea Shooting First Show China Rocket Unlocks Launch "New Posture"
At 12: 06 on June 5, the Long March 11 sea-launched solid launch vehicle was launched in the Yellow Sea of China, and seven satellites, including the A and B satellites of Fengshou No.1, were put into a circular orbit at a height of about 600 kilometers, announcing the first sea launch technology test of China’s launch vehicle was a complete success.
The offshore launch technology test system consists of four parts: launch vehicle system, offshore launch platform, TT&C communication system and satellite system, which can complete the launch within one week after leaving Hong Kong. For the first time in China, this flight test adopts the integration of "aerospace+offshore engineering" technology, breaks through the key technologies such as stability, safety and reliability of offshore launch, comprehensively verifies the process of offshore launch test, and provides a new launch mode for China to quickly enter space.
Looking back on 2019, China Aerospace handed over a brilliant report card. At 23: 51 on March 31st, the 01 satellite of Tianlian II was successfully launched in xichang satellite launch center. This is the first star of China’s second generation geosynchronous orbit data relay satellite, and its successful launch will greatly enhance the capacity of China’s data relay satellite system.
On November 13th, in just three hours, the "Fast Boat" and "Long Six" rockets flew one after another. At 11: 40, the Kuaizhou No.1 Jiayao No.11 carrier rocket named "Kuaizhou Our Space" was successfully launched from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center with the "Jilin No.1" high-scoring satellite 02A. After the satellite is put into orbit, it will be networked with 13 previously launched "Jilin No.1" satellites to provide users in agriculture, forestry, resources, environment and other industries with richer remote sensing data and products and services. At 14: 35 in Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center, China successfully launched the "Ningxia No.1" satellite (also known as Zhongzi Satellite) with the Long March 6 carrier rocket, which is mainly used in remote sensing detection and other fields.
5 domestic high-speed maglev test prototype with a speed of 600 kilometers per hour is off the assembly line.
"High-speed maglev train" became a key word with high click-through rate in 2019. On May 23rd, China’s first high-speed maglev test prototype with a speed of 600 kilometers per hour rolled off the assembly line in Qingdao, achieving a major breakthrough in the field of high-speed maglev technology in China.
Ding Sansan, head of the high-speed maglev project and deputy chief engineer of CRRC Sifang Co., Ltd., introduced that the key project of the national key R&D plan "Advanced Rail Transit" deployed a high-speed maglev transportation system with a speed of 600 kilometers per hour, with the aim of conquering the core technology of high-speed maglev, fully mastering the design, manufacture, commissioning and test evaluation methods of high-speed maglev, and developing an engineering system with independent intellectual property rights for high-speed maglev, so that China has the industrialization capability of high-speed maglev.
It is understood that the vehicle has overcome the core technology of maglev train, solved a series of problems such as lightweight, strength, stiffness and noise of the car body under ultra-high speed working conditions, and developed a new generation of light and high strength car body; Break through the restriction of complex fluid-solid coupling at high speed, solve the problems of aerodynamic drag and lift, and the aerodynamic performance reaches the international advanced level; High-precision suspension guidance, speed measurement and positioning device and control system have been developed, and the performance index is leading in the world; A series of key technologies, such as laser composite welding, electromagnet foil winding and suspension frame precision casting, have been overcome, and the key components such as the car body, electromagnet and its control device have excellent performance, achieving a major breakthrough in engineering technology.
On September 17th, CRRC Zhuzhou Motor Co., Ltd. revealed that it participated in the special sub-project of "Research on Key Technologies of High-speed Maglev Transportation System", and has independently developed long stator linear motors and suspension electromagnets, which have been successfully applied to the prototype of 600 km/h maglev train in China, and have been running well so far. This means that the key technology of China’s high-speed maglev train is at the forefront of the world.
6 The winning bidder ITER China enterprise installed "heart" for "artificial sun"
On July 16th, CNNC received the bid-winning notice from the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER, commonly known as "Artificial Sun"). Led by CNNC China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as CNNC), the Southwest Institute of Physics of the nuclear industry and other units joined hands with France’s Famatong Company to form an international consortium, and officially won the bid for the TAC1 installation section of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor built in France in the form of general contracting.
Li Qiang, deputy general manager of CNNC, used two "firsts" to describe the epoch-making significance of the event — — For the first time, nuclear energy units in China successfully participated in international large-scale scientific projects in the form of general contracting, and China participated in the construction of international large-scale nuclear scientific research facilities for the first time.
"TAC1 installation bid section project is the most important core equipment installation project of ITER experimental reactor tokamak device, and it is also the largest contract project of ITER to date." Wen Chiwu, a senior engineer of CNNC and the head of TAC1 installation bid, said that ITER project has many installation packages, but TAC1 installation bid is like the reactor and human heart in the nuclear island of nuclear power plant, and its importance is self-evident. The main work is to install Dewar structure and all systems between Dewar structure and vacuum vessel.
Wen Zhaowu said that TAC1, as the core equipment installation project, is difficult because ITER is a test device, which faces many difficulties such as new materials, new processes, new equipment and new methods. Li Qiang said that hoisting and welding are also facing challenges, "but we have rich experience in this field and are confident to complete the task with good quality and quantity".
Breakthrough of 70% Private launch vehicle successfully entered orbit for the first time.
Since the beginning of this year, private commercial aerospace enterprises in China have been making new moves. Although the road to space is not smooth, it is also a road to the future with infinite possibilities. The breakthroughs and innovations are impressive.
At 13: 00 on July 25th, the Hyperbolic No.1 Remote No.1 (hereinafter referred to as "SQX-1 Y1") carrier rocket of Beijing Star Glory Space Technology Co., Ltd. was successfully launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, China, and two satellites and three payloads were accurately sent into a predetermined circular orbit with a height of 300 kilometers according to the flight sequence. This is the third private enterprise in China to try to launch a launch vehicle, and its successful launch has achieved a zero breakthrough in China’s private launch vehicle.
According to Star Glory Company, SQX-1 Y1 launch vehicle adopts a four-stage series configuration with three solids and one liquid, which is the largest private space launch vehicle with the strongest carrying capacity in China. The success of this mission shows that the company has fully mastered the core technologies of software and hardware, such as the overall and system integration of launch vehicle, solid and attitude orbit control power, electrical integration, navigation guidance and control, test and launch, general assembly and test, and core single machine, and has the full-process and all-factor R&D and launch service capabilities of launch vehicle system engineering, realizing the basic closed loop of business model.
Looking back to April 2, China’s commercial rocket company Lingke Aerospace announced that its RLV-T5 recoverable rocket completed its first low-altitude flight recovery test on March 27. Chu Longfei, technical director of Lingke Aerospace, said that RLV-T5 rocket has its own characteristics, for example, its core control algorithm is innovative.
8 The leading international "Tianhe II" worked out the standard of quantum hegemony.
Google’s paper published in Nature magazine announced the realization of quantum hegemony. On November 4th, the QUANTA team led by Wu Junjie, School of Computer Science, National University of Defense Technology, and other domestic and foreign scientific research institutions, which took the lead in the study of hegemony standards in the world, proposed a new algorithm for quantum computing simulation. The test performance of this algorithm on Tianhe-2 supercomputer has reached the international leading level, and Google’s work also cited the preprint paper of this result. On the 4th local time, the international authoritative journal Physical Review Express officially published the results online.
Quantum hegemony means that the quantum computing device shows the computing power beyond all classical computers in a specific test case. Realizing quantum hegemony is an important milestone in the development of quantum computing. To evaluate the hegemony standard, an efficient quantum computing simulator running on a classic computer is needed. In the post-quantum hegemony era, this simulator will also become an important tool to accelerate the scientific research of quantum computing.
Liu Yong, the author and doctoral student, introduced that the actual difficulty of quantum computing simulation does not depend entirely on the number of quantum bits or quantum gates, but on the complexity of quantum States in the operation process — — Quantum entanglement. In this study, a simulation algorithm dependent on quantum entanglement is proposed, a universal quantum circuit simulator is developed, and a quantum hegemony test case — — The simulation of random quantum line sampling problem has actually tested the examples of different numbers of qubits such as 49, 64, 81 and 100 at different depths of quantum lines, and the calculation performance has reached the international leading level.