Beijing, December 21st (Reporter Li Jinlei, Cheng Chunyu, Wang Jiaxin, Qiu Yu, Wu Tao) The Central Economic Work Conference was held in Beijing from December 18th to 20th. The meeting comprehensively deployed economic work in 2018, made precise policies on issues of concern to the people, and issued at least ten livelihood red envelopes in education, employment, pension, medical care, housing, poverty alleviation, environmental protection, tax burden, agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and personal information protection, which will really benefit you and me.
Education — —
Solve the problems of infant care and early childhood education services.
The meeting proposed that efforts should be made to solve outstanding problems such as heavy extracurricular burden of primary and secondary school students, "school choice fever" and "large class size", and to solve the problems of infant care and early childhood education services.
With the advent of the era of two children in an all-round way, more and more attention has been paid to the issue of educating young children and learning to teach them. Xiong Bingqi, vice president of 21st Century Education Research Institute, told Zhongxin. com that at present, preschool education is a "hard bone", and it is difficult and expensive to enter the park. Kindergarten education for 0-3 years old is a short board, and resources are generally scarce. The central government’s proposal to solve the problems of infant care and early childhood education services is aimed at solving this big pain point.
The reporter noted that Chen Baosheng, Minister of Education, gave a "red envelope" at the press conference of the 19th National Congress: by 2020, the gross enrollment rate of preschool education (that is, kindergartens) will reach 85%, and now it is 77.4%, and inclusive kindergartens will account for more than 80% of kindergartens, and now it is more than 60%. Focus on resolving the "school choice fever" and "large class size". By 2020, large classes must be completely eliminated. Solve the problem of students’ excessive academic burden, especially the problem of reducing the burden in schools and increasing the burden outside schools.
Employment — —
Solve the problems of gender discrimination and identity discrimination.
The meeting proposed to pay attention to solving structural employment contradictions and solve the problems of gender discrimination and identity discrimination.
Employment is the biggest livelihood. According to data from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the number of college graduates will exceed 8 million from next year. Moreover, the structural contradictions are more prominent, and the most important contradiction is the coexistence of employment difficulties and recruitment difficulties. At the same time, discrimination issues such as "Wu Dalang is better than Mu Guiying" also need to be solved urgently.
The interviewed experts suggested that the detailed rules for the implementation of the Employment Promotion Law or the special Anti-Employment Discrimination Law should be formulated as soon as possible, and a special anti-employment discrimination institution should be set up to further improve the supervision mechanism for promoting equal employment and strengthen the supervision of the labor market, so as to ensure employment fairness and solve the dilemma of employment discrimination.
Pension — —
Accelerate the national overall planning of endowment insurance.
The meeting proposed to reform and improve the basic old-age insurance system and accelerate the national overall planning of old-age insurance.
At present, all parts of the country have basically achieved provincial overall planning. In November this year, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security revealed that the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, together with relevant departments, is speeding up the research and promotion of the national overall planning of old-age insurance, and is preparing to take the first step next year, first implementing the central adjustment system of basic old-age insurance funds, balancing the burden of old-age insurance caused by the large difference in dependency ratio between regions due to population structure, especially population mobility, adjusting the surplus and deficiency, further giving play to the role of mutual assistance and mutual assistance of old-age insurance throughout the country, and promoting the sustainable development of the old-age insurance system.
Medical treatment — —
Continue to solve the problem of "difficult and expensive medical treatment"
The meeting proposed to continue to solve the problem of "difficult and expensive medical treatment" and encourage social funds to enter the fields of old-age care and medical care.
Looking back on 2017, all public hospitals canceled drug addition, directly settled medical treatment across provinces and different places, and the medical association was fully rolled out, and many medical reform measures were further promoted. The National Health and Family Planning Commission commissioned a third party to evaluate the effect of improving medical services. Real-time online data showed that the overall satisfaction rate of outpatients and inpatients in tertiary hospitals nationwide remained above 85% and 95% respectively.
In 2018, in the face of the problem of "difficult and expensive medical treatment", the central government is expected to introduce more practical measures, and the people’s "sense of gain" will continue to increase.
Housing — —
Develop the housing rental market, especially long-term rental.
The meeting proposed to speed up the establishment of a housing system with multi-agent supply, multi-channel guarantee and simultaneous rent and purchase. It is necessary to develop the housing leasing market, especially long-term leasing, protect the legitimate rights and interests of leasing stakeholders, and support the development of specialized and institutionalized housing leasing enterprises. Improve the long-term mechanism to promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market and maintain the continuity and stability of the real estate market regulation policies.
Lou Jianbo, director of the Peking University Real Estate Law Research Center, believes that it will be of great benefit to stabilize the real estate market expectation if housing leasing is developed into a planned and anticipated behavior with medium and long-term leasing as the mainstay.
Yan Yuejin, research director of the think tank center of Yiju Research Institute, said that if the supply is sufficient and the effectiveness of monitoring and controlling the housing prices of institutions in the platform is improved, the overall rent level will become more reasonable.
Poverty alleviation — —
Neither lowering the standard nor raising the appetite.
The meeting pointed out that in order to fight the tough battle against poverty accurately, we must ensure the quality of poverty alleviation under the current standards, neither lowering the standards nor raising the appetite, aiming at the precise assistance of specific poor people, focusing on the deep poverty-stricken areas, stimulating the endogenous motivation of the poor people, and strengthening assessment and supervision.
Ding Yifan, a researcher at the World Development Research Institute of the State Council Development Research Center, told the reporter of Zhongxin.com that "not lowering the standard" is to ensure the quality of poverty alleviation, while "not raising the appetite" is to prevent poverty alleviation from going to the other extreme of excessive welfare, and to prevent poverty alleviation from becoming a "big pot" and "nurturing lazy people".
"Focusing on deep poverty-stricken areas is because after several years of poverty alleviation, almost all areas that have not yet been lifted out of poverty are ‘ Hard bone ’ The causes of poverty are complicated and need to be taken out ‘ Embroidery ’ Kung fu, make efforts to these key areas. " Ding Yifan said.
Environmental protection — —
The key point is to win the blue sky defense war.
The meeting pointed out that in order to fight the battle against pollution, the total discharge of major pollutants should be greatly reduced and the overall quality of the ecological environment should be improved. The key points are to win the blue sky defense war, adjust the industrial structure, eliminate backward production capacity, adjust the energy structure, increase energy saving capacity and assessment, and adjust the transportation structure.
Chang Jiwen, deputy director of the Institute of Resources and Environmental Policy of the State Council Development Research Center, pointed out in an interview with Zhongxin.com that winning the blue sky defense war is of symbolic significance. If the air pollution prevention and control campaign can’t be won, other environmental protection campaigns will test the ability even more.
"Now, air pollution prevention and control has achieved certain results. In other words, management ideas and methods are available, and this environmental protection campaign is still confident to win. " Chang Jiwen said.
Tax burden — —
Reduce logistics costs and import tariffs
The meeting proposed to vigorously reduce the cost of the real economy, reduce institutional transaction costs, continue to clean up the fees charged by enterprises, intensify the investigation and rectification of arbitrary charges, deepen the reform of power, oil and gas, railways and other industries, and reduce energy consumption and logistics costs. Actively expand imports and reduce import tariffs on some products.
In recent years, the actions of tax reduction and fee reduction in China have been continuous. From May 2016 to September 2017, the pilot reform of the camp reform was comprehensively launched, and the accumulated tax reduction was 1,063.9 billion yuan; From 60 thousand yuan to 500 thousand yuan, the scope of preferential income tax policies for small and micro enterprises has been expanding; From 4th gear to 3rd gear, the VAT rate is optimized and degenerated, and so on. Moreover, since December 1st this year, China has reduced the import tariffs on 187 items, most of which are popular items for domestic consumers, and the average tax rate has dropped from 17.3% to 7.7%.
It is expected that in 2018, with the efforts to reduce taxes and fees, the tax burden of enterprises and residents will be further reduced, and lowering import tariffs means that consumers can buy their favorite imported products at lower prices in China in the future.
Agriculture, countryside and farmers — —
Implement the strategy of rural revitalization
The meeting proposed that the strategic plan for rural revitalization should be scientifically formulated. Improve the system and mechanism of urban-rural integration and development, and remove all kinds of obstacles that hinder the elements from going to the countryside. We will promote the structural reform of the supply side of agriculture, adhere to the principle of promoting agriculture by quality and green, and shift the agricultural policy from increasing production to improving quality. Deepen the reform of the grain storage system, so that the storage price can better reflect the market supply and demand, and expand the pilot system of crop rotation fallow.
Zheng Fengtian, deputy dean and professor of the School of Agriculture and Rural Development of Renmin University of China, pointed out in an interview with Zhongxin.com that, on the whole, the "rural revitalization" mentioned in the Central Economic Work Conference is a layout of the annual tasks, which sets the main tone for the work of agriculture, countryside and farmers in 2018.
Wei Houkai, director of the Institute of Rural Development of China Academy of Social Sciences, said that affluent life is an important symbol of rural revitalization. In the next step, farmers should rely more on agriculture, rural areas and rural industries to establish a long-term mechanism to increase their income.
Personal information protection — —
Focus on solving problems such as reselling personal information.
The meeting proposed to focus on solving outstanding problems such as online false information fraud and reselling personal information.
Take the cash loan that attracted attention in 2017 as an example. According to media reports, user information was resold between cash loan platforms and intermediaries, and between platforms, with prices ranging from 0.1 yuan to 1.5 yuan/piece, which caused serious information leakage. Subsequently, the regulatory authorities issued the Notice on Standardizing and Rectifying the Cash Loan Business, requiring all kinds of institutions to strengthen the protection of customer information security, and not to steal or abuse customer privacy information in the name of "big data", or illegally buy, sell or disclose customer information.
Looking forward to 2018, with the problems of online false information fraud and reselling personal information being solved, the protection of personal information is expected to make substantial progress. (End)
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