标签归档 419上海

　　() The Record Form of Investor Relations Activities was released on January 30, and the company was investigated by 84 institutions on January 29, 2024. The types of institutions are QFII, insurance companies, others, fund companies, overseas institutions, securities companies and Sunshine private equity institutions. The main contents of investor relations activities are introduced:　

　　I. Ms. Shen Jingwei, the director and secretary of the company, introduced the overall situation of the company in 2023. Dear investors, good evening, I am Shen Jingwei, secretary of Runze Technology. Thank the Changjiang team for organizing this meeting for us, and welcome everyone to attend the 2023 annual performance forecast exchange meeting tonight. In the last month, the market expectation was weak, and there were many market corrections, but we are still full of confidence in the market, and we also cheer everyone up. I hope everyone will have confidence. The company has been deeply involved in the field of digital economy for 15 years, and has always insisted on continuous and large-scale investment in the fields of intelligent computing power and computing power infrastructure. Although the competition in the data center industry was fierce in the past year, it was also the biggest opportunity in the data center industry in the past decade. In the industry, we think that 2023 is the "first year of liquid cooling" and also the "first year of intelligent calculation". In terms of technology, the power of single cabinet in the market has jumped, and new liquid cooling technology has been gradually applied. In terms of demand, there are large AI artificial intelligence model customers in the market, and the demand is growing very fast. Let me briefly talk to you about the latest performance of the company in 2023. Financially, the company achieved a net profit of 1.75-1.85 billion yuan in 2023, a year-on-year increase of 46.05%-54.39%; The net profit after deducting non-homecoming was 1.74-1.84 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 52.91%-61.70%. Since its establishment in 2009, the company has always adhered to the super-large-scale park-level model, and has been in the early stage of investment loss for the first ten years.In 2019, it began to make a profit, and in that year, it realized a net profit of 108 million yuan, which was not returned to the mother. Up to now, it has achieved rapid growth for four consecutive years, with a compound annual growth rate of 100.26%-103.08%. Business: 2023 is a very important milestone year for the company. Before 2022, all the company’s income came from Langfang Park. In 2023, foreign parks were put into operation one after another, and the company officially entered a new stage of contributing income from one park to three parks. In 2023, the company delivered five new data centers, three from Langfang, one from the Yangtze River Delta and one from Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, with a total delivery of about 3w cabinets. By the end of 2023, the company had delivered 13 data centers and nearly 8w cabinets, and the number of cabinets delivered increased by 65.22% compared with the end of 2022. In addition to the rapid growth in the number of deliveries, the cabinet power delivered by the company in combination with market demand in 2023 has also been greatly improved compared with previous years. In 2023, the company delivered the whole pure liquid-cooled intelligent computing center with a single cabinet power of 21.5KW and the high-density air-cooled data center with a single cabinet power of 10.5KW, and gradually upgraded the low-power cabinets in Langfang Park. In terms of shelving rate, the original data center still maintains a high shelving rate, and the shelving speed of the newly delivered data center is in line with expectations, with the shelving speed of liquid cooling and high-density air cooling reaching the best level in history. The stable operation of the original data center and the gradual delivery of the new data center provide a stable profit source and cash flow increment for the company’s performance development.Power supply: The company’s self-built 220KV substation was put into operation this month. The substation is very high in configuration, with a total capacity of 4 * 240,000 KVA transformers, and the maximum power supply is as high as 960MW. The power supply of the whole Langfang Park is directly increased by more than 2 times, which can at least meet the rapid development of Langfang Park in the next five years and provide the most powerful guarantee for the company to undertake the growing demand of digital economy industry in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. New business of AIDC Intelligent Computing Center: In 2023, the company delivered the first pure liquid-cooled intelligent computing center in the industry. With a deep customer trust foundation, the company established a strong first-Mover advantage and accumulated rich experience in the design, research and development, construction and operation and maintenance of liquid-cooled intelligent computing centers. Benefiting from the rapid growth of demand for intelligent computing driven by the application of liquid cooling solutions and the outbreak of AI artificial intelligence, the company is cooperating with its ecological partners in the industry, Qi Xin, to deploy large-scale computing modules. The large team has the full link delivery capability of computing modules and the technical level is leading in the industry. New layout: 2023 is the third year for the company to acquire resources, and it is located in Danzhou, Hainan, with an overall planning of about 30,000 cabinets.

　　Second, investors are more concerned about the issue

　　Q: The performance has exceeded the market expectation. What about the traditional IDC customers, customer structure and the proportion of head manufacturers?

　　A: There is no essential change in the customer structure of the traditional IDC business, but the main change is the increase in the power of the delivered single cabinet. At present, the market demand for high-power cabinets is relatively strong, and the demand for cabinets below 5KW is gradually shrinking. Therefore, the shelves of high-power air-cooled and ultra-high-power liquid-cooled cabinets delivered by our mainstream in 2023 are very fast.

　　Q: What is the current market competition pattern? What is the market demand and when will the inflection point appear?

　　A: First of all, let’s limit the scope: first-tier cities and surrounding areas. 2023 is the most competitive year for traditional IDC. On the supply side, the market is constantly clearing out, even if it has not reached the inflection point, it is approaching the inflection point. This can refer to whether the shelf rate of first-tier cities is improving. If the improvement indicates that the inflection point has appeared; On the price side: In 2023, there were many large-scale accidents in Internet companies, cloud vendors and even financial industries all over the country, which will force end customers to pay more attention to the quality of service and the price will improve. Therefore, we judge that the inflection point of first-tier cities, whether on the left or on the right, is very close to the current time. Secondly, let’s talk about the current market situation. There are three types of cabinets in the market: traditional IDC rooms, modern IDC rooms and future AIDC rooms. Traditional IDC computer room: mainly produced in 2016 -2019, this kind of cabinets seized the dividend of the rapid development of mobile Internet. At that time, the market was in short supply, and the cost was recovered very early and the profit was realized. The characteristics of this kind of computer room are: small scattered points and average overall quality. At present, the difficulties are: after the servers that were put on the shelves gradually expired in 2017 -2019, they were continuously put off the shelves. Due to the small scale, high PUE and difficult transformation of such computer rooms, the head Internet or cloud vendors will not return their rents after they are taken off the shelves. They are under great pressure to take off the shelves and also face great transformation pressure. Modern IDC computer room: mainly produced in 2021 -2023,Due to the shortage of traditional IDC computer rooms before 2019, and the encouragement of new infrastructure at that time, many new market entrants poured into the industry, and this part of computer rooms were put into the market one after another in 2021, resulting in short-term oversupply in the market. With the introduction of policies such as "double carbon" and "calculating from the east to the west", the supply balance was alleviated to some extent. Due to centralized supply, and the traditional computer room has recovered its cost, it is also constantly reducing its price. At present, this kind of computer room is facing a low shelf rate and is in a difficult stage of recovering its cost. The future AIDC computer room was mainly produced in 2023. Due to the rapid outbreak of AI demand, the market put forward higher requirements for computing power per unit area. Now the IDC computer room can’t meet the transformation needs of AIDC. At the same time, AIDC needs multi-parties to participate in the planning and design, which is technically difficult and the investment scale is relatively large. Because the existing IDC participants were injured in previous years, their overall participation enthusiasm is not high. On the contrary, there are more cross-border participants, but the future AIDC computer room needs more. Let’s talk about our situation again. Since its establishment, Runze Technology has been focusing on ultra-large-scale park-level data centers, and there is no pressure on the removal of traditional IDC rooms. At the same time, the company actively controlled the delivery pace. The early delivery rate of eight modern IDC rooms exceeded 90%, so it has the resources, technology and strength to develop AIDC rooms. Regarding the market demand, it is divided into two parts: 1. As for the general server, because the market traffic is still increasing,The total number of servers in the overall market is still increasing. Although the growth rate of server demand is declining due to various capital expenditure plans, some new large-scale bidding orders can still be seen in the open market. 2. In terms of high-performance servers, AI broke out in February 2023, when the market was in a wait-and-see state. In the second half of the year, the market began to really invest. At present, the overall investment of customers who insist on making large models is not small, and foreign large models are also developing rapidly. Although domestic chips are limited to some extent and the development speed is also very fast, we should have full confidence in domestic related manufacturers.

　　Q: What is the difference between traditional IDC services and AIDC services? Is AIDC technically difficult?

　　A: Traditional IDC mainly serves general-purpose servers, that is, traditional X86CPU servers. Traditional IDC mainly focuses on how many basic resources we have, how many cabinets we can build and how many servers we can carry from the perspective of our own resources. AIDC business mainly serves high-performance servers, that is, GPU servers. AIDC mainly focuses on how much computing power the customer requires per square meter to provide and how large a computing power cluster to build. Therefore, the whole building of AIDC is equivalent to a super server. AIDC manufacturers need to organize the design of the internal architecture of this super server, and at the same time, they need to pay attention to "short distance", "high density", "high speed", "network architecture" and "expanding resources". I’ll give you some concrete technical examples. A computing POD is 64 high-performance servers, which is a layer of network. The two-tier network is spine-leaf. According to the calculation of 8 high-performance servers with a single port of 400G, the two-tier network of high-performance switches can interconnect 256 high-performance servers, and the three-tier network is core-spine-leaf, which can interconnect 8192 high-performance servers at the maximum. At the same time, the power demand of a high-performance server is 10KW, which also puts very high demands on the cabinet side. Therefore, it is very difficult to achieve such a large cluster interconnection. At present, there are very few manufacturers in the market who have built a three-tier network architecture.However, our joint ecological partners belong to a few who can do it, whether it is IB networking or RoCE networking. In addition, with regard to the delivery of large clusters, it is the first step to have equipment, but also to be able to buy enough auxiliary materials (cables and modules) to understand the track optimization of IB network. At the same time, it has the debugging ability of IB network, the tuning ability of server side, the understanding of large model communication library, and even the need to write monitoring software. Many factors are superimposed to have the full link delivery ability of large clusters, and even large manufacturers generally have their own "disassembly, modification and distribution" workshops. Because the motherboard design ideas of different brands of servers are different, when the same cluster involves multiple brands and specifications, it needs to be configured in a unified way. At this time, a "disassembly and assembly" workshop is needed to carry out standardization operation to improve efficiency, and at the same time, it is necessary to understand the motherboard design topology of different models of server manufacturers in order to facilitate the optimization of large clusters. It is difficult for any single manufacturer to do these things. We have also combined with many eco-partners. Qi Xin worked together to build a computing module to understand these things. Our technology and resources in this area are in the leading position in the industry.

　　Q: What is the revenue and net profit of IDC business and AIDC business in 2023? Why did the actual profit in 2023 communicate better than that in the performance briefing of the third quarterly report, and what part of the contribution mainly came from?

　　A: In 2023, the company’s operating income was about 4.4 billion yuan, of which AIDC business was less than 1 billion yuan, including our liquid cooling business and intelligent computing related business. Due to more company deliveries this year, the gross profit margin and net profit margin of traditional IDC business have been affected. The overall gross profit margin of AIDC business is about 40%, but it has developed rapidly. The actual profit in 2023 was better than that in the performance briefing of the third quarterly report, mainly due to the rapid growth of demand for intelligent computing driven by the application of liquid cooling solutions and the outbreak of AI artificial intelligence, the smooth expansion of new AIDC-related businesses and the continuous expansion of corresponding revenue scale.

　　Q: What is the future delivery plan communicated with customers and the future capital expenditure?

　　A: Our business model is based on sales and production. At present, there are still 4-5 data centers under construction in China. If customers have a clear demand for new orders, the company can complete the delivery quickly and need some new capital expenditure. Since the second half of 2023, the company has felt that the demand for AIDC business is relatively strong, so Heping Lake in Langfang Area B is planned according to AIDC mode. The company’s Langfang A data center has grasped the wave of mobile Internet in 2016-2019 and achieved good development. Pinghu, Zhejiang plans to become an intelligent computing center, hoping to seize the opportunity of AI development. At present, this piece of progress is relatively smooth, and it has also achieved a certain market position and popularity. The local government has also given some basic resources support. At present, the company has also established a stable ecological partnership with end customers, network cards, switches, servers and other manufacturers, and jointly completed the design of AIDC computer room. Business development stems from design, and design promotes customer strategy, which has formed a benign positive cycle.

　　Q: The specific composition of the company’s business, the removal of traditional IDC friends, and the company’s leaseback.

　　A: In 2022, the company’s traditional IDC business income was 2.7 billion, and in 2023, the traditional IDC business income was about 3.5 billion, an increase of 30%. The increase mainly came from: two buildings were full this year, and two new traditional buildings were added, and the shelves were not bad. During the reporting period, the company took the initiative to speed up the upgrading of low-power cabinets. The power of cabinets delivered in the early stage was mainly 4.4KW. At the end of the service of the servers carried by the aforementioned low-power cabinets, the company quickly upgraded them. At present, some low-power cabinets have been upgraded and have begun to be rented back. AIDC business mainly includes liquid cooling and intelligent calculation business.

　　Q: What is the synergy between AIDC business and traditional customers? How many traditional customers have been introduced into AIDC business? How many AIDC customers are waist customers? How long is the signing span of AIDC business?

　　A: Big model customers need computing power, algorithms and data. At present, there are mainly two types of customers in the market, one is large Internet companies and cloud vendors, and the other is entrepreneurial AI model companies, which is what everyone calls waist customers. We think that 2023 is the "first year of smart calculation". After another 3-5 years, waist customers will run out of great companies. Regarding the types of customers, we have signed a strict confidentiality agreement with our customers, and even the company will give customers a code name, so it is not convenient to say too much.

　　Q: How to predict the company’s performance in 2024, and are you confident in the completion of its performance commitment in 2024?

　　A: The company is full of confidence in its performance in 2024 and more confident in its performance commitment in 2024. In 2024, the company will continue to take the differentiation strategy: first, in terms of traditional IDC business, the company will mainly supply high-power cabinets that are scarce in the market in the future. The five data centers delivered in 2023 will continue to steadily increase the shelf rate in 2024, and make steady contributions to the performance together with the original eight data centers. Second, in terms of AIDC business, many AIDC customers of the company are growing sturdily and the demand for AIDC is increasing. Therefore, the company will continue to cooperate with ecological partners to the greatest extent, create an ecological circle of computing power, provide the most effective computing power, and then obtain business orders from the reasoning side with a larger market scale. Third, in 2024, the company will still combine the market demand and gradually deliver multiple data centers in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao to meet more customer needs and steadily improve the company’s performance.

　　Q: Is Foshan IDC or AIDC?

　　A: The first building delivered by Foshan is still a traditional data center, and there are also customers communicating, which can be transformed according to customer needs. AIDC is also an important development direction in the future.

　　Q: What is the progress and shelf rate outside Langfang?

　　A: Pinghu was put on the shelves slowly in the first three months, but now it is put on the shelves quickly. Foshan just delivered it at the end of the year, and the early stage is in the running-in stage, which is also in line with the company’s expectations. At present, the time is short and there is no reference.

　　Q: What is the trend of AIDC gross profit margin?

　　A: There was no AIDC business in previous years.

　　Q: What is the proportion of high-power cabinets in 2024?

　　A: Langfang Area B and Pinghu Phase II are both planned by the Intelligent Computing Center. In addition to high-power liquid cooling, at present, the company’s air cooling can be up to 40KW, and the company will mainly deliver high-power cabinets in the future, and the lowest power delivered in the future can also be 7KW, and the low power will be mainly used as cache nodes.

　　Q: Will the structure of IDC and AIDC change further in 2024? Will it maintain a steady year-on-year growth in 2024?

　　A: The traditional IDC business will continue to grow steadily. AIDC is not easy to predict. On the one hand, supply will affect business development, and on the other hand, the outbreak time of AIDC application side is uncertain. If it breaks out, the growth will be very rapid.

　　Q: What is the company’s dividend expectation?

　　A: At present, the company’s dividends are relatively stable, and it is also actively giving back to institutional shareholders and small and medium investors. The specific plan needs to wait until the annual board of directors puts forward a plan;

　　Details of participating institutions are as follows:

CCTV News:At present, at the peak of Spring Festival travel rush, various measures have been introduced to help migrant workers return home.Warm the way home for migrant workers in Spring Festival travel rush.　

Every year, a large number of Shandong migrant workers return to their hometown by train K1282 in Guangzhou and Shenzhen. In order to let the passengers feel the warmth of their hometown in advance, the train staff decorated the dining car with Chinese knots, the word "Fu" and other items, and cooked Four Joy Meetballs and other Shandong dishes to let the passengers feel the warmth on the way back.

In order to create a warm Spring Festival travel rush, Luchuan County, Guangxi Province has launched a "warm way home" — — Luchuan migrant workers in Guangdong take the free bus to return home safely, so that Luchuan villagers who work outside the home can feel the warmth of home and ensure that they go home safely and smoothly for the New Year.

At present, at the peak of Spring Festival travel rush, Haigang District, Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province is carrying out "‘ Qin ’ Such as a family, warm the way home ",providing 4 vehicles for 136 Heilongjiang and 44 Jilin returnees who work in Qin.be free of chargeBus, help them go home smoothly.

Wuxi, Jiangsu: Take many measures to cope with the freezing rain, snow and ice, and fully escort Spring Festival travel rush.

Affected by cold air, from February 6th to 7th, the temperature along the Yangtze River and southern Jiangsu will drop to minus 4 degrees, accompanied by rain and snow. The period affected by rain and snow coincided with the peak of Spring Festival travel rush’s return home, and various departments in Jiangsu took measures to ensure the smooth travel of the public during the Spring Festival.

Located in the overlapping section of Beijing-Shanghai Expressway and Shanghai-Chengdu Expressway, Jiangsu Wuxi Meicun Service Area is one of the busiest high-speed service areas in China during the Spring Festival. In order to cope with the impact of high passenger flow and rain and snow weather in Spring Festival travel rush, the service area has increased the charging guarantee for new energy vehicles, alleviating the possible problems such as the shortage of charging piles and the long queue for charging electric vehicles.

Li Ting, comprehensive room manager of Wuxi Meicun Service Area of Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway:The number of new energy vehicles has increased significantly, reaching 1700 vehicles per day.

Faced with the surge of new energy vehicle traffic, the local power supply department has taken various measures to increase the supply of charging facilities in the expressway service area and smooth the way home in Spring Festival travel rush.

Liu Hang, Deputy Director of Marketing Department of State Grid Wuxi Power Supply Company:In order to cope with the special weather this year, we have deployed a mobile energy storage charging vehicle and three mobile charging robots on the basis of the original eight fast charging piles. In addition, we have sent staff to be on duty 24 hours a day to guide the normal charging order during the charging peak period.

Jiangxi: Optimizing service measures to cope with low temperature rain and snow to ensure smooth roads

From the night of the 6th, rain and snow weather appeared in Jiujiang and Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, and the low-temperature rain, snow and freezing weather superimposed on the peak passenger flow in Spring Festival travel rush, which affected highways, national and provincial highways and rural roads to some extent. The local traffic police and emergency departments immediately acted to ensure the safety of people’s travel.

On the night of February 6, sleet appeared in some areas of Jiujiang in the north of Jiangxi, and the temperature of some expressway bridges dropped below 0℃, which was a hidden danger of icing. The high-speed traffic police in Jiangxi Province carried out several salt spraying operations on key bridge sections such as Jiujiang Bridge No.2, Poyang Lake Bridge No.1 and Bridge No.2 in the middle of the night, and isolated and channelized the key bridges to ensure that the traffic arteries did not freeze.

Affected by the low temperature, rain, snow and freezing weather, some sections of Taixi Highway, a provincial highway in Nanchang, are frozen and branches fall, which affects people’s traffic. The local traffic police department responded at the first time, sending more than 30 police officers to strengthen the patrol inspection of accident-prone road sections such as steep slopes, sharp turns, icy and slippery roads, remove fallen branches in time, and set up safety warning signs in conspicuous positions to close the icy road sections to ensure the safety of the people.

In the Ganzhou section of Daguang Expressway, the traffic flow northward increased significantly. Due to the continuous low temperature and rainy weather, the high-speed traffic police set up cones in front of intersections and hub ramps in various service areas to guide drivers and passengers to slow down and change lanes in advance. At the same time, the drone is used to shout, reminding the drivers and passengers to slow down. Remote pavement thermometers are installed in bridges, tunnels and other sections that are easy to freeze, so as to know the road temperature in real time.

　　In today’s society, there are countless people who are physically disabled and self-reliant, such as Zhang Haidi, Wu Yunduo and Tai Lihua … In ancient China, there are also many inspirational models. Some people’s contributions in a certain field even affect the development process of China’s history.

　　Zuo Qiu’s blindness "Jue has" Mandarin "

　　-Zuo Qiuming initiated the writing style of China’s history.

　　Blindness is one of the important causes of disability in ancient and modern times. In ancient times, binocular blindness was called "blindness", "blindness" and "blindness", while monocular blindness was called "paralysis", also known as lateral blindness, and the former was commonly referred to as blindness.

　　In the history of China, there are many celebrities with eye disabilities. For example, Shi Kuang, a famous musician in the pre-Qin period, was born without eyes, calling himself a "blind minister" and a "poor minister". Xia Houdun, a famous general called "The Wonder of the World" by Cao Cao in the Three Kingdoms, was called "Blind Xiahou" because he was blind in one eye. Cao Cao doesn’t discriminate against disabled people. He even married his favorite eldest daughter, qinghe princess, to the talented Rockett without one eye.

　　Li Keyong, the legendary figure in the Five Dynasties and the great ancestor of the later Tang Dynasty, was also an eye-disabled person. Because he was born with one eye missing, he was named "Cyclops". In those days, Yang Xingmi, Huainan, had never seen Li Keyong, so he sent a painter to pose as a businessman to paint a portrait. When Li Keyong was informed, he wanted to embarrass the painter intentionally, so he arrested the painter to see how the painter painted himself. The painter was very clever, and he painted Li Keyong as a military strategist. Li Keyong was very satisfied with it. He not only let the painter go, but also gave him a lot of rewards.

　　When it comes to inspiration, the most famous blind man is Zuo Qiuming, a great historian in the pre-Qin period and a blind man in Lu.

　　Anyone who is familiar with Chinese scholars does not read Zuo Zhuan and Guoyu. The editor of these two important historical books in the pre-Qin period is Zuo Qiuming. The original name of Zuo Zhuan was Zuo’s Chunqiu, and later generations combined it with Chunqiu as an interpretation work, which was called Chunqiu Zuoshi Zhuan, or Zuozhuan for short.

　　This book records some important historical events between the Zhou Dynasty and vassal states in 255 years, from the year of Lu Yin (722 BC) to the twenty-seventh year of Lu Aigong (468 BC). In addition to the importance of historical records, Zuo Zhuan also created the writing style of China’s historiography, which was highly praised by later historians and had a great influence on historians’ compilation of China’s history. For example, his "straight book without concealment" was inherited by the good history of China since Sima Qian, and became one of the basic principles of ancient history writing.

　　Zuo Zhuan pioneered the format of "gentlemen say", which provided a space for historians to express their opinions. Since Sima Qian’s Historical Records, almost all the praises in the history books were inspired and influenced by Zuo Zhuan, so Zuo Qiuming was called "the founder of China’s traditional historiography".

　　Guoyu, compiled by Zuo Qiuming, is the earliest national history of China, so it was named because it mainly recorded words. The book has 21 volumes, which respectively record the historical materials of eight countries, including Zhou, Lu, Qi, Jin, Zheng, Chu, Wu and Yue, from the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period (about 967 BC to 453 BC).

　　When writing Mandarin, Zuo Qiuming was blind. Out of a sense of historical mission and responsibility, he recorded what he had seen and heard in the past decades, the important news of various governors and the gains and losses of the monarch and his subjects, and finally compiled and edited another China historical masterpiece. Sima Qian said in the preface to Historical Records Taishigong that "Zuo Qiu was blind and lost Mandarin", and that’s what happened.

　　Not only did Zuo Qiuming’s Zuo Zhuan and Guoyu influence the study of China’s history, but his spirit of being physically disabled and striving for self-improvement was even more touching. Later generations directly referred to Zuo Qiuming as "blind history", which showed his respect for status and deep inspiration.

　　Sun Tzu’s "On the Art of War"

　　-Sun Bin’s Art of War influenced the ancient war behavior.

　　Among the disabled people in ancient times, there were more physical disabilities than those who were blind, with the largest proportion of lower limb disabilities. In ancient Chinese, the words "limp", "limp", "limp" and "limp" all refer to lower limb disabilities.

　　In ancient times, there were many celebrities with inconvenient legs and feet. For example, Bian He, who gave the famous Baoyu "He Shibi", is a disabled person who has lost both feet. Bian He’s disability is the acquired cause. According to "Everything is done wrong with him", when Bian He cut his salary on Jingshan Mountain, he occasionally got a rough jade, which was presented to King Li of Chu and Chu Wuwang successively, but the two kings didn’t know the goods, so Bian He was cut off his left foot and his right foot successively, which is called "Yesterday Bian He presented a treasure, and the king of Chu cut it off". Fortunately, King Wen of Chu knew the treasure and carved it into a world-famous "harmonious jade".

　　Bian He’s feet were cut off, which is called "torture". The punishment of strangulation is one of the ancient tortures, which ranks among the "five punishments". The other four criminal laws are "Mo", "Mo", "Gong" and "Da Bi". Gouge, also known as chop, cuts off one foot, while the other cuts off both feet.

　　Among the celebrities with lower limb disabilities in ancient times, the pre-Qin period was the most, which was because of the popularity of licking at that time. This punishment was abused to the climax in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. For Qi State when Qi Jinggong was in power, the most expensive prosthesis and the cheapest shoe were on the market at that time, which was the origin of the allusion of "being expensive and cheap" and the direct reflection of the social tragedy caused by Qi Jinggong’s abuse of the punishment.

　　Sun Bin, a famous strategist in ancient times, was "gouged out" by Wei people before his death. However, he didn’t give in to his fate. After that, he won the trust of Tian Ji, the State of Qi, and set up an ingenious plan to command the army for many times, defeating Wei Jun, another rival and strategist led by Pang Juan, and forcing him to kill Pang Juan.

　　Sun Bin, a native of Qi during the Warring States Period, was a descendant of Sun Wu, an outstanding strategist. Sun Bin studied the art of war with Pang Juan, and achieved excellent results. Later, Pang Juan was appointed as a general by Wei Huiwang. He thought that he was not as good as Sun Bin, so he set a deadly trap, tricked Sun Bin into going to Wei, and slandered him. Wei Huiwang, a fatuous man, committed a crime against Sun Bin, tattooed his face, and gouged out two kneecaps, which is the record of "cutting off his feet by law and punishment" in Biography of Sun Tzu Wu Qi in Historical Records.

　　As a result, Sun Bin became a disabled person and could never stand up again. Pang Juan wanted to make Sun Bin "want to hide" and make him depressed from now on, but Sun Bin, who suffered a great blow, did not feel depressed, but lived stronger and more valuable.

　　After Sun Bin was brought back to Qi by the envoys of Qi, Tian Ji was discerning and took in Sun Bin, and Sun Bin’s wisdom and courage were revealed. Tian Ji often shoots archery with the princes of Qi. Seeing that the upper, middle and lower third-class horses they use for racing are almost the same, it is difficult to win recklessly. So he came up with a clever plan: compare the worst horse with the best horse of the other side, compare the best horse with the average horse of the other side, and compare the average horse with the worst horse of the other side. After three races, Tian Ji won two and lost only one, which is the winning rule of "Tian Ji Horse Racing".

　　Sun Bin’s outstanding military command ability and superhuman wisdom were brought into full play in the battles of "encircling Wei to save Zhao" and changed the historical trend of China at that time.

　　Sun Bin later wrote his military experience and combat experience into a book, which is what Sima Qian called "Sun Tzu’s foot is fat, but not the art of war". Sun Bin’s Art of War was unearthed in Linyi, Shandong Province in 1974, which caused a sensation. The art of war is an important military theory in ancient times, which, together with the Art of War written by Sun Tzu, his ancestor, had a profound influence on China’s ancient military war behavior.

　　Cai Hou’s paper "Everything is used in the world"

　　-Cai Lun’s invention influenced the development of human civilization.

　　Among the disabled in ancient times, people with physical defects were often ignored. In fact, the pain of these people is not less than that of other disabled people, but more hidden. The psychological damage suffered by them is more serious than the lack of legs and eyes, and some people even think that "life is worse than death."

　　In ancient times, most celebrities with physical defects were acquired. The castration in the "five punishments" is an important reason for the great increase of people with physical disabilities in ancient times.

　　The so-called "castration" is to destroy people’s reproductive function, "men are castrated and women are claustrophobic." Castration, also known as corruption, is second only to the death penalty. Originally called "lewd punishment", it was originally aimed at promiscuous incest men and women, and was later regarded as a criminal law, which was applied to prisoners. There is no humanity in the execution.

　　Among the ancient celebrities with physical disabilities, Sima Qian, the author of Historical Records, is the most frequently mentioned.

　　Sima Qian was a famous historian in the Western Han Dynasty. In the second year of Tianhan (99 BC), Sima Qian, who was 47 years old and was appointed as a Taishiling, said a few fair words when defending Li Ling, the general who attacked Xiongnu and failed to surrender, which angered Liu Che, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, and was imprisoned. In the absence of money to atone for sin, Sima Qian "endured humiliation and lived, and asked for castration."

　　Sima Qian was in agony after his imprisonment, but he thought that "King Wen was detained to play Zhouyi, while Zhong Nieu wrote Spring and Autumn Annals, and Qu Yuan’s exile was Li Sao". Sima Qian persisted and finally completed China’s first biographical Historical Records.

　　Sima Qian’s deeds have undoubtedly become a typical example of inspiration. The group of eunuchs, a unique group of disabled people in ancient times, worshipped Sima Qian as a "grandfather".

　　Eunuchs, also known as temple people and eunuchs, have emerged one after another throughout the ages. There are also many disabled celebrities with international influence in this crowd, such as Cai Lun and Zheng He. Among them, one of the most important and outstanding contributions is Cai Lun.

　　According to "The Biography of Cai Lun in the Later Han Dynasty", Cai Lun entered the palace at an early age and became a eunuch. The Eastern Han Dynasty and Emperor Liu Zhaoshi were the constant attendants, and later he was ordered by Shang Fang. Although he is a disabled person, Cai Lun is ingenious and likes to make utensils and articles. After serving as an official order, he "supervised the secret swords and various instruments, all of which are exquisite and dense, which is the law for future generations".

　　At that time, the writing materials of the court folk were mainly silks and bamboo slips, but the former cost was too high, and the latter was inconvenient to write and read. So Cai Lun improved the original paper-making technology of crushing hemp into fibers and extrusion molding at that time, and produced the earliest paper in the world that could be used for writing. In the 17th year of Yongyuan (A.D. 105), Cai Lun presented this batch of paper to Emperor Liu Zhao, and was praised by Liu Zhao. He specially named Cai Lun as "Longtinghou" and the paper he invented was also called "Cai Hou Paper".

　　Since Cai Lun invented and improved papermaking, the world has made great contributions not only to China, but also to the development of human civilization.

　　When "Cai Hou Paper" was widely used in China, expensive sheepskin and very brittle papyrus were still used as writing materials in Europe, so westerners listed papermaking as "Four Great Inventions" in China, and modern western scholars also ranked it as "the list of 100 celebrities who influenced the historical process of mankind".

　　It should be noted that there are more disabled people in ancient China who have played an important role in the process of human history and civilization.

　　(Ni Fangliu)

(Source: Beijing Evening News)

　　Is there a "hidden rule" for medical equipment procurement rebate? Yuexiu District Procuratorate investigates the causes of duty crimes of medical consumables.

　　Medical interventional equipment rebate 15%~20%, each medical film rebate 1.5 yuan … … Recently, Guangdong investigated and dealt with many cases of illegal profits from medical equipment and consumables. It is understood that with the implementation of zero price difference of drugs, the interest chain of medical corruption has been reconstructed, and some hospitals and doctors have changed their methods to gain benefits from medical consumables in the name of "regulations", and the means are more subtle. This kind of corruption cases usually involve medical personnel with high administrative level, academic qualifications and professional influence. Why are these famous medical experts with superb medical skills and saving lives lost in the temptation of interests? Recently, Yuexiu District Procuratorate visited seven 3A hospitals in Guangzhou within two months, sent out 500 questionnaires and wrote a 25,000-word investigation report. The report looks into a series of deep-seated problems of duty crimes of medical consumables.

　　case

　　Director of Cardiovascular Department takes bribes and falls off the horse.

　　Deputy director’s "succession" withdrawal buckle

　　Li Moumou is the director of the Department of Cardiology, a hospital affiliated to a university in Guangdong. He has been a doctor for more than 20 years, undertaken or participated in more than 10 national, provincial, ministerial and bureau-level topics, and published more than 30 academic papers, which has made great achievements in academic circles. He is also the first person to commit a case of consumables corruption in the field of cardiology in Guangzhou medical system. As a leader of the discipline, Li Moumou is a member of the bid evaluation committee. According to the confession, he accepted a bribe of 230,000 yuan from consumables suppliers to help them win the bid successfully.

　　At the end of 2014, Li Moumou was investigated for taking bribes, replacing Zhang Moumou, deputy director of the Department of Cardiology, who presided over the overall work of the hospital, and taking over the "work" of collecting kickbacks. Within two years, he received kickbacks from suppliers with three general doctors in the same department for more than one million yuan until he was arrested in 2016.

　　According to the prosecutor who handled the case, considering the interests of society and patients, Li was released on bail pending trial while waiting for the court’s decision, working normally in the hospital, and did not disclose the case in violation of regulations. Zhang Moumou, the deputy director, met with other doctors and thought that he was out of legal punishment and there was little risk of accepting kickbacks.

　　Neurosurgical leaders get kickbacks.

　　20% of the supplier’s claims are regulations.

　　What is the so-called "rules" for kickbacks? A case in Shenzhen Nanshan District Court last year revealed this hidden rule. The verdict shows that from 2010 to 2013, the defendant Zhai was the director of neurosurgery in a district people’s hospital in Shenzhen, and had the right to decide the use of medical consumables in the department. Zhai decided to use EV3 medical intervention products sold by a company in Shenzhen, and received a benefit fee of 480,000 yuan from Feng, the manager of the company, four times. Zhai said that he did not bargain with the supplier, and the bribe was given to him by Feng.

　　Feng said: "Zhai has always been a leader in neurosurgery, and neurosurgery surgery requires him to operate personally. Although our company’s products can enter the hospital as spare equipment through bidding, the decision on whether to use them is in Zhai’s hands. I can’t do this business without giving benefits. In our industry, the proportion of medical intervention products is basically provided at 15% to 20% of the product price, which is the industry rule. "

　　On May 3 last year, Zhai was sentenced to one year and seven months in prison for accepting bribes and fined 100,000 yuan.

　　status

　　The high level of personnel involved in the equipment field has a great impact.

　　Among the medical duty crimes handled by Yuexiu District Procuratorate, before 2010, they mainly occurred in the purchase and sale of drugs. Since 2013, cases of medical consumables have obviously started to occur frequently. Last year, all the cases of duty crimes in the medical and health field handled by the hospital occurred in the medical consumables. The reconstruction of the interest chain behind medical corruption represented by this trend deserves attention.

　　In addition, in recent years, people involved in medical corruption have shown the characteristics of high administrative level, high academic qualifications and high professional influence. Before 2013, medical corruption cases were mainly concentrated in inspection, logistics and infrastructure departments, whose staff had relatively low academic qualifications and professional requirements. With the gradual elimination of corruption in these peripheral areas, in recent years, industry leaders, medical personnel with director level and doctoral degree have been involved in the case for the vast majority. These people involved in the case have high professional influence in their fields, engage in administrative management, medical care, education and scientific research at the same time, have huge social resources, are less restricted, face greater temptation than ordinary people, and become high-risk groups of corruption in the absence of sufficient restriction mechanism.

　　Explore the cause

　　Professional use of consumables, less supervision, low cost of bribery crime by agents

　　How did the "rules" of consumables rebate come from? According to the analysis of the investigation report of Yuexiu District Procuratorate, hospitals, like patients, are also victims of the inflated price of medical consumables, opaque ex-factory price and multi-layer agent sales model. Take the heart stent as an example. The cost of a stent is several thousand yuan, but it is as high as 30,000 to 40,000 yuan when it is sold to patients. Some employees find that even if they don’t take kickbacks from agents, the price of medical consumables will not be reduced, and all the profits in the middle will be monopolized by agents.

　　The research report also pointed out that the procurement and management system of medical consumables did not effectively supervise the above phenomenon. Different from the centralized drug procurement in 2007, the online price limit and competitive bidding methods are implemented, and the procurement of medical consumables in Guangdong Province is still subject to separate bidding by medical institutions. In the procurement process of medical consumables in various hospitals, there is a large space for corruption due to insufficient external supervision and internal formal management. In addition, medical consumables are of great value, the cost is hidden, the use of consumables is very professional, and specialists have the right to speak on the use of consumables, so it is difficult for the regulatory authorities to intervene, which increases the risk of duty crimes in this link.

　　In addition, Yuexiu District Procuratorate sent 500 questionnaires to seven hospitals, and 50.8% doctors thought that the salary was 50% or more higher than the current income to meet their own labor pay and income expectations. The mismatch between salary and labor payment is one of the reasons for the frequent occurrence of duty crimes.

　　When a doctor involved in the case analyzed his motive to the prosecutor, he thought that the current doctor’s salary was too low, even with the briber — — There is also a gap between medical consumables agents. Some doctors involved in the case found that the agents were their classmates, and they took high-intensity and high-risk labor with dead wages, but they made a fortune through "buying and selling". For a long time, salary is not proportional to pay, which leads to psychological imbalance.

　　Since 2010, Yuexiu District Procuratorate has investigated 58 cases of medical duty crimes with 58 people. Of the 15 cases of bribery that have been decided, 9 cases with 9 people were not prosecuted, 5 cases with 5 people were sentenced to probation, and only 1 case with 1 person was sentenced to substantive punishment. Generally speaking, the treatment of bribers in the case is relatively light, and the low cost of illegal crimes has become an important reason for agents to constantly pay bribes and seek interest space.

　　Some bribery suspects said that they were worried that if medical staff were not given benefits, the products they represented would be difficult to be adopted, and even if they were adopted, they would easily be rated as poor products, thus being kicked out of the market. In order to maintain their business, they had to take "extreme measure" such as wooing medical staff with heavy money.

　　suggestion

　　Strengthening doctors’ occupational security and reducing abnormal profits of medical consumables

　　In view of the complex causes of duty crimes of medical consumables, the investigation report has issued a "prescription" of 8,500 words, calling for strengthening the professional security of doctors and establishing a salary system that reflects the value of doctors; At the same time, scientifically construct the price mechanism of medical consumables, reduce abnormal profits, and strengthen the supervision of the procurement and use process.

　　The report suggests that the salary system should be established by comprehensively considering the characteristics of doctors’ education time, training time, labor time, labor intensity, occupational risks and technical content, so as to decouple the salary from the business income of hospitals and doctors. By substantially increasing the annual salary of doctors, the survival and work pressure of young doctors at the grassroots level can be alleviated, and it is not necessary to obtain gray income through informal channels. At the same time, the price of technical services will be raised, and the charges of medical consumables will be reduced, so that the "medicine-based medical care" and "consumables-based medical care" will be changed to "technology-based medical care", and the hospital will return to the public welfare operation mode from the commercial operation mode, so that doctors can concentrate on seeing a doctor, improve the diagnosis and treatment level and serve more patients wholeheartedly.

　　In terms of consumables, the report suggests reducing intermediary links, making public the price information of medical consumables, strengthening the supervision of sales prices, reducing the abnormal profits of medical consumables and returning the prices to a reasonable standard. At the same time, we will carry out online procurement and unified procurement, and continue the monitoring to the use stage of consumables.

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