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　　People’s Daily (09th edition, August 11th, 2023)

　　A good ecological environment is the fairest public product and the most inclusive people’s livelihood. "Promoting the harmonious coexistence between man and nature" is one of the essential requirements of Chinese modernization summarized by Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Party. In the new era, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core regards the construction of ecological civilization as a fundamental plan related to the sustainable development of the Chinese nation, and has carried out a series of pioneering work. The construction of ecological civilization has undergone historic, turning and overall changes from theory to practice. Guided by the supreme leader’s thought of ecological civilization, we will unswervingly follow the road of civilized development of production development, affluent life and good ecology, promote the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and build a beautiful China. This observation edition focuses on this theme.

　　— — Editor

　　Accelerate the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature (People’s Watch)

　　China Academy of Social Sciences Supreme Leader New Age Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center

　　Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Communist Party of China has made clear the essential requirements of Chinese modernization from nine aspects, and "promoting the harmonious coexistence between man and nature" is one of the important aspects. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed at the National Ecological Environmental Protection Conference: "Support high-quality development with high-quality ecological environment and accelerate the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature." Our party led the people to plan development from the height of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, promoted Chinese modernization, created an ecological miracle and a green development miracle that attracted worldwide attention, and made important contributions to the theory and practice of world modernization.

　　Promoting the harmonious symbiosis between man and nature is the essential requirement of Chinese modernization.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "Respecting nature, conforming to nature and protecting nature are the inherent requirements of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way." Nature is the basic condition for human survival and development, and the relationship between man and nature is the most basic relationship in human society. The modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature shows the China characteristics of Chinese modernization from the essential requirements.

　　Meet the inherent requirements of making the achievements of modernization more fair and benefit all the people. Historically, western developed countries have generally taken a road of pollution first and then treatment with high resource consumption, which not only created huge material wealth, but also caused the contradiction between man and nature to deepen. In the process of modernization of human society for more than 200 years, no more than 30 countries have achieved industrialization with a population of no more than 1 billion, but the ecological environment crisis brought to mankind is unprecedented. Chinese-style modernization adheres to the people-centered development thought, and the population of more than 1.4 billion will be modernized as a whole, which will more than double the population in the world who have achieved modernization. In order to achieve this goal, we abandon the old road of pollution before treatment, and embark on a new road of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, so that the achievements of modernization can benefit all people more sustainably.

　　Meet the goal of common prosperity for all people. Pursuing the common prosperity of all the people is a remarkable feature of Chinese modernization. A good ecological environment is the fairest public product and the most inclusive people’s livelihood. Different from the capital-centered modernization in the west, Chinese modernization adheres to the people-oriented concept, highlights the people-oriented orientation of modernization, insists on development for the people, development depends on the people, and development results are shared by the people, constantly promoting the common prosperity of all people. Chinese-style modernization insists on ecological benefits for the people, ecological benefits for the people, ecological protection for the people, and development of productive forces in the protection of the ecological environment. Through reform and innovation, land, labor, capital, natural resources and other factors are brought to life, and the establishment and improvement of an ecological economic system with industrial ecologicalization and ecological industrialization as the main body are accelerated, so as to better meet the people’s growing needs for a better life and promote the common prosperity of all people and make more obvious substantive progress.

　　Meet the objective requirements of people’s all-round development. Both material wealth and spiritual wealth are inherent requirements of socialist modernization. Chinese-style modernization is a coordinated modernization of material civilization and spiritual civilization, which requires great wealth in both material wealth and spiritual wealth, and self-confidence and self-improvement in ideology and culture. Chinese-style modernization firmly establishes and practices Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets’s concept, limits economic activities and people’s behavior to the limits that natural resources and ecological environment can bear, and supports high-quality development with high-quality ecological environment, which not only creates more material wealth and spiritual wealth to meet the people’s growing needs for a better life, but also provides more high-quality ecological products to meet the people’s growing needs for a beautiful ecological environment. While building a beautiful China with mountains, water and homesickness, it promotes the all-round enrichment of things and the all-round development of people.

　　Meet the common requirements of building a home of destiny and common earth. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "There is only one earth for mankind, and it is the common responsibility of all countries to protect the ecological environment and promote sustainable development." The earth is the only home for all mankind to live on. Protecting nature means protecting mankind, and building ecological civilization means benefiting mankind. In sharp contrast to that practice of some western countries that often evade the responsibility of global ecological protection and pass on their own ecological crisis, Chinese modernization promotes the common values of all mankind, such as peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy and freedom, and seeks its own development while firmly safeguarding world peace and development, and better safeguards world peace and development with its own development. Chinese-style modernization has always stood at the height of being responsible for human civilization and future generations, and joined hands with all countries in the world to build the foundation of ecological civilization, take the road of green development, build a community of life on earth, actively build a home of the earth where man and nature coexist harmoniously, the economy and the environment advance together, and all countries in the world develop together, so that the concept of green development will be deeply rooted in people’s hearts, the road of global ecological civilization will be stable and far-reaching, and the development achievements and good ecology will be promoted to benefit people of all countries more fairly.

　　Remarkable achievements have been made in the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

　　"Our motherland is bluer in sky, greener in mountains and clearer in water", this sentence in the Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress tells the personal feelings of the people of China. From Asian elephants going north to south, it has attracted global attention, to "basking in my ‘ Home Blue ’ " The collection of photographic works is very popular, and people feel that the living environment is getting better and better. The achievements in the construction of ecological civilization in the new era have attracted worldwide attention and become a remarkable symbol of historic achievements and changes in the cause of the party and the state in the new era.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the scientific guidance of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought, the CPC Central Committee with the supreme leader as the core has taken ecological civilization construction as a fundamental plan related to the sustainable development of the Chinese nation, and carried out a series of pioneering work with unprecedented determination, strength and effectiveness. The ecological civilization construction has undergone historic, turning and overall changes from theory to practice. Promulgated the Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Ecological Civilization and the Overall Plan for the Reform of Ecological Civilization System, and revised many related laws such as the Air Pollution Prevention Law, the Water Pollution Prevention Law, and the Yangtze River Protection Law; Establish and improve the systems of "Party and government share responsibility" and "one post and two responsibilities" for ecological environmental protection, and build an ecological civilization system … … This series of major institutional arrangements and decision-making arrangements have led and guaranteed the major transformation of China’s ecological civilization construction from key rectification to systematic governance, from passive response to active action, from global environmental governance participants to leaders, from practical exploration to scientific theory guidance, and the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature has continuously reached a new level.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has completed 1.02 billion mu of afforestation and 305 million mu of sand control. By the end of 2022, the average annual concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in cities at or above the prefecture level in China had dropped to 29 μ g/m3, the proportion of excellent surface water quality sections reached 87.9%, and the proportion of excellent coastal water quality reached 81.9%. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has supported an average annual economic growth of more than 6% with an average annual growth rate of 3% in energy consumption, making it one of the countries with the fastest reduction in energy consumption intensity in the world. In the new era of China, the "beautiful economy" has developed and expanded, and the ecological advantages have been continuously transformed into development advantages. The green mountains and green hills are generating more and more ecological, economic and social benefits.

　　Make important contributions to the theory and practice of world modernization.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "We should stand at the height of being responsible for human civilization, respect, conform to and protect nature, explore the road of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, promote the coordination and unity of economic development and ecological protection, and build a prosperous, clean and beautiful world." Chinese modernization adheres to the concept of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, pays attention to the simultaneous promotion of material civilization construction and ecological civilization construction, and unswervingly follows the road of civilized development of production development, affluent life and good ecology, which has made important contributions to scientifically handling the relationship between man and nature and promoting the innovative development of world modernization theory and practice.

　　Provide new modernization options for developing countries. How to coordinate the relationship between economic and social development and population, resources and environment, and realize protection in development and development in protection is a major issue that developing countries have to face in the process of exploring modernization. In the process of development, some developing countries once copied the modern old road of pollution first and then treatment in the west, which destroyed the ecological environment and caused irreparable losses. The people of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and China promote Chinese-style modernization, adhere to the complete, accurate and comprehensive implementation of the new development concept, firmly establish and practice Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets’s concept, plan development from the height of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, protect natural value and value-added natural capital in the protection of ecological environment, protect the potential and stamina of economic and social development, and promote the continuous transformation of green mountains and green hills into Jinshan Yinshan, which provides a new choice for developing countries to move towards modernization independently. As a big developing country, China is willing to work with other countries to adhere to the road of green development, build the foundation of ecological civilization, assume the responsibility of a big country, show the role of a big country, give full play to its leading role, strengthen South-South cooperation and cooperation with neighboring countries, and provide financial and technical support to developing countries within its capacity.

　　Explore a new path of win-win cooperation to promote global environmental governance. Facing the challenge of global environmental risks, all countries are a community of destiny in the same boat. To build a community of life on earth, we must break the barriers and barriers of unilateralism and build a clean and beautiful world through hand in hand. In the process of modernization, China has always adhered to the concept of community of human destiny and actively promoted pragmatic cooperation in the fields of international resource conservation and ecological environment protection. Adhere to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, take the initiative to undertake environmental governance obligations suited to national conditions, development stages and capabilities, strive to build a fair, reasonable, win-win global environmental governance system, firmly implement the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, participate in the agenda of global climate negotiations with a positive and constructive attitude, make historic contributions to the conclusion and implementation of the Paris Agreement, and promote the construction of a fair, reasonable, win-win global climate governance system. Committed to promoting the green development of the "Belt and Road", through initiating a series of pragmatic cooperation such as the establishment of the "Belt and Road" international alliance for green development, green has become the background color of the "Belt and Road" and made important contributions to global environmental governance.

　　Contribute wisdom and strength to promoting global sustainable development. At present, the global extinction rate is accelerating, and biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation pose great risks to human survival and development. In the face of a series of ecological and environmental problems, human beings are a community of destiny, and no country can be immune to it. To achieve global sustainable development in the process of modernization, we must coordinate the relationship between development and protection and explore a new way of modernization in which man and nature coexist harmoniously. Under the scientific guidance of the supreme leader’s ecological civilization thought, in the process of promoting Chinese modernization, China pursues harmony between man and nature, green development and prosperity, love for nature, scientific governance spirit, and cooperative response, and works with other countries in the world to create a harmonious and livable human home and a community of life on earth, thus contributing to global sustainable development with China wisdom, China’s plan and China’s strength.

　　(Written by: Zhang Yongsheng)

　　Planting high-quality green background (written by everyone)

　　Wang Jinnan

　　Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out that Chinese-style modernization is the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and profoundly pointed out that promoting green and low-carbon economic and social development is the key link to achieve high-quality development. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed at the National Ecological Environmental Protection Conference: "We should accelerate the green and low-carbon transformation of development mode, adhere to green and low-carbon development as a fundamental solution to ecological and environmental problems, accelerate the formation of green production methods and lifestyles, and plant a green background of high-quality development." To promote Chinese modernization in the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, we must adhere to ecological priority, economical and intensive, green and low-carbon development, and take the road of civilized development of production development, affluent life and good ecology.

　　Ecological environmental protection is not only a major economic issue, but also a major social and political issue. To solve this major problem, we must adhere to green and low-carbon development and accelerate the transformation of development mode. In the decade of the new era, China’s energy structure has been continuously optimized, and the proportion of coal in primary energy consumption has dropped from 68.5% to 56%. From 2013 to 2022, the average concentration of PM2.5 in key cities nationwide decreased by 57%. In 2022, the proportion of days with excellent air quality in cities at prefecture level and above will be 86.5%, and the proportion of days with heavy pollution will drop to less than 1%, making China the fastest country in improving air quality in the world. Since the beginning of this century, about 1/4 of the newly added green area in the world has come from China.

　　The ecological environment continues to improve, and the efficiency of energy resources utilization has been greatly improved, which is inseparable from the green transformation of economic and social development. In the decade of the new era, China has continuously intensified the rectification of scattered polluting enterprises and clusters, eliminated about 300 million tons of backward and overcapacity steel and 400 million tons of cement, and eliminated more than 30 million old and high-emission motor vehicles. The production and sales of new energy vehicles have been ranked first in the world for many years. At the same time, we should also see that China’s ecological civilization construction still faces many contradictions and challenges, the foundation for a stable and positive ecological environment is still not stable, the structural, root and trend pressures of ecological environmental protection have not been fundamentally alleviated, and the ecological civilization construction is still in a critical period of pressure superposition and heavy load. Compared with the people’s expectation for a better life, and the goal of building a beautiful China, the quality of the ecological environment still lags behind the requirements of building a new development pattern, promoting high-quality development and building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.

　　In the past 200 years, developed countries have completed industrialization, urbanization and modernization, and only after the economic development has reached a considerable level have they gradually solved the problems of pollution control and ecological damage restoration. China has a population of more than 1.4 billion, and nearly 20% of the world’s population is supported by 9% of the world’s cultivated land and 6% of fresh water resources. In the process of development, ecological environment protection is under great pressure. The realistic national conditions determine that to promote Chinese modernization, we must take the overall green transformation of economic and social development as the guide, the green and low-carbon development of energy and industry as the starting point, the optimization of land spatial pattern as the carrier, and the green production and consumption as the driving force, accelerate the formation of industrial structure, production mode, lifestyle and spatial pattern that save resources and protect the environment, and promote economic and social development on the basis of efficient utilization of resources and green and low-carbon development, and take the modernization road of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

　　The solution of ecological and environmental problems is a systematic project. In order to solve the ecological and environmental problems in the overall green transformation of economic and social development, we must continue to promote the structural adjustment of industry, energy and transportation, continuously strengthen the prevention and control of sources, firmly grasp the key of industrial structural adjustment, reduce excess and backward production capacity, increase new growth momentum, and promote multi-level collaborative innovation of pollution reduction and carbon reduction in key areas, key areas and key links. On this basis, we will accelerate the development of strategic emerging industries, high-tech industries and modern service industries, cultivate and expand energy-saving and environmental protection industries, clean production industries and clean energy industries, develop efficient agriculture and advanced manufacturing industries, accelerate the research and development, popularization and application of advanced technologies for energy conservation and carbon reduction, and constantly consolidate the industrial foundation of a green and low-carbon circular development economic system.

　　To realize the effective protection and sustainable development of the ecological environment, we need both continuous efforts in time and scientific planning in space. An important aspect of establishing and perfecting a green and low-carbon circular development economic system is to continuously strengthen the overall planning and coordinated control of production, living and ecological space uses. This requires adhering to the red line of cultivated land and ecological protection, optimizing the pattern of land spatial development, strengthening land spatial planning and use control, and coordinating the delineation of control boundaries such as the red line of ecological protection, permanent basic farmland and urban development boundaries. Scientifically coordinate population distribution, economic layout, land use and ecological environment protection, scientifically arrange production, living and ecological space, form a new pattern of land space development and protection with obvious main functions, complementary advantages and high-quality development, and handle the relationship between population, economy, society, resources and environment.

　　It is very important to solve the ecological and environmental problems in promoting green and low-carbon development and do a good job in the construction of the mind. It is necessary to continuously enhance the awareness of saving, environmental protection and ecology of the whole people. In practice, many places actively carry out green life creation actions such as conservation-oriented institutions, green families, green schools, green communities, green trips, green shopping malls and green buildings, and promote the concept of green life to all aspects such as food, clothing, housing, transportation and tourism by advocating a simple and moderate, green and low-carbon lifestyle. These practices are conducive to enhancing the whole society’s understanding and recognition of the green and low-carbon lifestyle, gathering strong impetus to promote the green and low-carbon transformation of development mode, caring for the ecological environment, and creating a good atmosphere for the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

　　(The author is an academician of China Academy of Engineering and dean of the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment)

　　Construct a big pattern of protection and governance from the top of the mountain to the ocean

　　Promoting the modernization of ecological environment governance system and governance capacity (thematic thinking)

　　Chu songyan

　　The modernization of ecological environment governance system and governance capacity is an important part of the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity. In the ten years of the new era, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core and under the scientific guidance of the Supreme Leader’s ecological civilization thought, China has established and improved a modern environmental governance system with the participation of Party Committee leaders, government-led, enterprises, social organizations and the public, and continuously improved the modernization level of ecological environmental governance. The construction of ecological civilization has undergone historic, turning and overall changes from theory to practice, and the construction of beautiful China has made great strides.

　　Strengthen the Party’s overall leadership over the construction of ecological civilization. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out at the National Ecological Environmental Protection Conference: "Building a beautiful China is an important goal of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, and we must uphold and strengthen the overall leadership of the party." Adhering to the party’s overall leadership over the construction of ecological civilization is the fundamental guarantee for the construction of ecological civilization in China. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has placed the construction of ecological civilization in a prominent position in its overall work, made a series of major strategic arrangements, and promoted the continuous improvement of the modernization level of China’s ecological environment governance. Give full play to the role of the central eco-environmental protection inspector, strictly implement the responsibility of eco-environmental protection from a political perspective, constantly establish and improve the relevant policy system, and gradually form a "big environmental protection" work pattern of "party and government sharing responsibility" and "one post and two responsibilities", which has solved the problems of environmental pollution and ecological destruction that a large number of people have strongly reflected. We will promptly study and formulate the responsibility system for ecological environmental protection of local party and government leading cadres, establish a comprehensive responsibility system with consistent powers and responsibilities, clear rewards and punishments, and interlocking, conscientiously implement the list of responsibilities for ecological civilization construction, and promote the formation of a strong synergy. Give full play to the role of assessment baton, improve the assessment and evaluation system, and constantly enhance the practical skills of leading cadres in party member in ecological civilization construction. This series of important measures has effectively improved the modernization level of China’s ecological environment governance capacity.

　　Adhere to the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, fields, lakes, grass and sand. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed at the National Ecological Environmental Protection Conference: "We must adhere to the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, fields, lakes, grass and sand, and build a big pattern of protection and management from the top of the mountain to the ocean." Eco-environmental governance is a systematic project, which needs to consider the complexity of environmental factors, the integrity of ecosystem, the continuity of physical and geographical units and the sustainability of economic and social development, and seek the way of eco-environmental governance from the perspective of systematic engineering and overall situation. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has put forward that "the landscape, forest, fields, lakes, grass and sand are a community of life" according to the integrity, systematicness and inherent laws of the natural ecosystem, adhered to the integrated protection and systematic governance of landscape, forest, fields, lakes, grass and sand, and built a big pattern of protection and governance from the top of the mountain to the ocean. Focusing on national key ecological function area, ecological protection red line and nature reserve, we will start the integrated protection and restoration project of mountains, rivers, fields, lakes, grass and sand, and make overall plans to promote systematic management, comprehensive management and source management. Vigorously implement a number of ecological environment restoration projects, such as protection and restoration of shelterbelts and natural forests, returning farmland to forests and grasslands, ecological restoration of mines, and "blue bay" rectification actions, and carry out large-scale land greening actions to promote the continuous increase of forests, grasslands, wetlands, rivers and lakes, and effectively reverse the trend of land desertification. This series of forward-looking thinking, overall planning and overall promotion,Vigorously promote the modernization level of ecological environment management, and lay a solid foundation for building a beautiful China.

　　The legal system of ecological environmental protection has been continuously improved. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out at the National Conference on Ecological Environmental Protection: "We should strengthen the guarantee of the rule of law, make overall plans to promote the revision of relevant laws in the fields of ecological environment, resources and energy, and implement the strictest ecological environment governance system of above-ground and underground, land and sea planning and regional linkage." To strengthen the protection and governance of the ecological environment, we must rely on the system and the rule of law, and protect the ecological environment with the strictest system and the strictest rule of law. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our party has promoted the construction of ecological civilization with the rule of law, put the construction of ecological civilization into an institutionalized and standardized track, and built a scientific, rigorous and systematic legal system for ecological environmental protection. By writing "ecological civilization" into the Constitution, we will formulate laws to protect ecological security, such as the Yangtze River Protection Law, the Yellow River Protection Law and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ecological Protection Law, and amend laws to protect and improve the environment, such as the Environmental Protection Law, the Land Management Law and the Forest Law. We will make efforts to solve the problems of low illegal cost and insufficient punishment in some places in the past, and make overall plans to solve the problems of whether the law is hard, not strict and not heavy. Through unremitting efforts, the laws and regulations system of ecological civilization covering all key areas, all kinds of resources and all environmental elements has been basically established and constantly improved, which has provided a strong legal guarantee for the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

　　(The author is the director and professor of the Social and Ecological Civilization Teaching and Research Department of the Central Party School (National School of Administration))

　　The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Proposal on Formulating the Fourteenth Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-term Target for the Year 2035 (hereinafter referred to as the Proposal) adopted by the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee is a programmatic document for China to March towards the goal of the second century, in which there are many implications for modern economies, from "construction" to "accelerated construction" to "completion", which has drawn a grand blueprint and provided a fundamental basis for high-quality economic development.

　　Building a modern economic system is the strategic goal of development in the new era.

　　Building a modern economic system was put forward by the Supreme Leader General Secretary in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The modern economic system is "an organic whole composed of the interrelations and internal relations of all links, levels and fields of social and economic activities". The goal of building a modern economic system includes seven aspects, which can be summarized as "6+1" system, namely, building an industrial system, a market system, an income distribution system, an urban and rural regional development system, a green development system, an all-round opening system, and building an economic system that gives full play to the role of the market and better plays the role of the government. According to the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China’s economy has changed from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage, and it is in the key period of changing the development mode, optimizing the economic structure and transforming the growth momentum. Building a modern economic system is an urgent requirement for crossing the barrier and a strategic goal for China’s development. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out in the third collective study in 19th the Political Bureau of the Central Committee that only by forming a modern economic system can we better conform to the trend of modernization and win the initiative of international competition, and also provide strong support for modernization in other fields.

　　The top-level design of the CPC Central Committee has pointed out the direction for building a modern economic system, and local party committees and governments at all levels have achieved remarkable results around the five major tasks in accordance with the deployment of the CPC Central Committee.

　　First, vigorously develop the real economy. The real economy is the lifeblood of our economy. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that "efforts should be made to accelerate the construction of an industrial system with the coordinated development of the real economy, scientific and technological innovation, modern finance and human resources". China has built a comprehensive, independent and complete modern industrial system. From 2016 to 2019, the added value of China’s industry increased from 24.54 trillion yuan to 31.71 trillion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 5.9%, much higher than the average annual growth rate of 2.9% of the world industry in the same period. The driving effect of scientific and technological innovation on the real economy has increased. The number of invention patent applications and authorizations nationwide has increased from 1.339 million and 404,000 in 2016 to 1.401 million and 453,000 in 2019, respectively. The role of modern finance in safeguarding the real economy has increased. At the end of 2019, the balance of RMB loans issued to the real economy was 151.6 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 12.5%; In the first five months of 2020, China’s manufacturing industry added 1.4 trillion yuan of new loans, up 10.1% year-on-year, the fastest growth rate since 2014. The supporting role of human resources in the real economy has increased. In 2020, the college entrance examination has undergone major reforms, and some colleges and universities have carried out pilot enrollment reforms in basic disciplines, and selected and trained professionals who are interested in serving the country’s major strategic needs around basic disciplines such as mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology, and began to fill the shortcomings of basic research.

　　The second is to accelerate the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy. China regards innovation as the first driving force to lead development and constantly strengthens the strategic support of the modern economic system. Mass entrepreneurship and innovation have been carried out in depth. In 2019, the number of enterprises will increase by more than 10,000 per day. Emerging industries continued to grow, and traditional industries accelerated to upgrade. The new kinetic energy index of China’s economic development increased from 159.1 in 2016 to 332.0 in 2019; Give full play to the role of the main body of enterprise innovation. In 2019, the research and experimental development expenditure of high-tech manufacturing industry was 380.40 billion yuan, and the investment intensity was 2.41%, an increase of 0.14 percentage points over the previous year; High-tech products accounted for 28.3% of the total merchandise exports.

　　Third, actively promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. China is committed to promoting regional coordinated development and constantly optimizing the spatial layout of the modern economic system. The coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area have become national development strategies, and top-level designs such as development planning have been completed and are being implemented; The northeast revitalization strategy and the western development strategy have completed a new round of planning and vigorously promoted the requirements of high-quality development in the new era; The Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and other urban agglomeration development factors have optimized the spatial structure of China’s economic development; The function of Beijing’s non-capital has been orderly dissolved, and the regional integration development of the Yangtze River Delta has pressed the "acceleration button"; The rural revitalization strategy has been solidly promoted, and the institutional framework and policy system have basically taken shape; The gap between urban and rural areas has gradually narrowed. In 2019, the ratio of per capita disposable income of urban residents and rural residents was 2.64, which was 0.09 lower than that in 2015.

　　The fourth is to promote all-round opening up. China vigorously promotes high-level opening to the outside world and constantly improves the international competitiveness of the modern economic system. The two international cooperation summit forums have promoted the high-quality development of the "Belt and Road", and China’s circle of friends is growing; The concept of "building a community of human destiny" was written into UN Resolution 2344, which contributed to the China program for global governance. The official opening of the Beidou-3 global satellite navigation system has opened a new chapter in serving the world with high quality and benefiting mankind.

　　The fifth is to deepen the reform of the economic system. China gives full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, better plays the role of the government, and constantly improves the institutional guarantee of the modern economic system. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee took distribution according to work as the main body, the coexistence of various modes of distribution and the rise of the socialist market economic system into a basic socialist economic system, which was conducive to the integration of various resource advantages and provided a strong guarantee and support for high-quality economy. Identifying data as production factors to participate in income distribution has created a good institutional environment for the industrialization of big data and formed a strong driving force for the development of productivity; Continue to promote tax reduction and fee reduction, especially the 2 trillion yuan tax reduction and fee reduction plan launched in 2019, which significantly reduced the operating costs of enterprises, effectively stimulated domestic demand and promoted the further expansion of consumption.

　　The new journey continues to build a modern economic system

　　"As long as the road is right, you are not afraid of being far away." The Proposal emphasizes "accelerating the construction of a modern economic system" during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, which is a scientific deployment based on in-depth analysis of the profound and complex changes facing China’s development environment. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, China’s economic and social development has achieved all-round and groundbreaking historical achievements, laying a solid foundation for starting a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, which will certainly transform the potential energy of economic development into kinetic energy and help the construction of a modern economic system. We should profoundly understand and grasp the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, concentrate on construction, wholeheartedly seek development, focus on accelerating the construction of a modern economic system, and make a good start for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.

　　The "Proposal" has carefully deployed the "6+1" system of building industrial system, market system, income distribution system, urban and rural regional development system, green development system, and all-round opening system, and building an economic system that gives full play to the role of the market and better plays the role of the government, providing fundamental guidance for accelerating the construction of a modern economic system in the new journey. Specifically, it includes: insisting on the core position of innovation in the overall situation of China’s modernization, insisting on focusing on the real economy and accelerating the development of modern industrial system; Adhere to and improve the basic socialist economic system, adhere to the strategic starting point of expanding domestic demand, smooth the domestic circulation, promote the domestic and international double circulation, and build a high-standard market system; Adhere to the realization, maintenance and development of the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the starting point and end result of development, increase the proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution, focus on improving the income of low-income groups and expanding middle-income groups; Optimize the spatial layout of the country, promote regional coordinated development and new urbanization, persist in solving the "three rural issues" as the top priority of the whole party’s work, and fully implement the rural revitalization strategy; Adhere to the Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets concept, promote green development and promote the harmonious coexistence between man and nature; Open wider, wider and deeper to the outside world, promote international cooperation and achieve mutual benefit and win-win; Adhere to and improve the basic socialist economic system, comprehensively deepen reform, and build a high-level socialist market economic system.

　　From 1953 to now, among the 14 five-year plans, only the Ninth Five-Year Plan and the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan have embedded long-term goals. Different from the Ninth Five-Year Plan, this year’s Fourteenth Five-Year Plan and the long-term goal in 2035 have a longer time to look forward, which better embodies the spirit of "hammering nails one after another and drawing a blueprint to the end". At present, the epidemic in COVID-19 has a far-reaching impact and the world situation is complicated. The more so, the more you have to calm down and do your own thing well. Development is the basis and key to solve all problems in our country. Basically realize socialist modernization by 2035, which naturally includes the modernization of the economic system. The Proposal outlines the long-term goal of basically realizing socialist modernization in 2035 from nine aspects, including "basically realizing new industrialization, informationization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, and building a modern economic system". The setting of this long-term goal well embodies the unity of problem-oriented and goal-oriented The problem orientation enhances the pertinence and the goal orientation enhances the guidance. The unity of the two embodies the high combination of operability and strategy, and ensures that the road to modern economic system construction is deep and practical.

　　(The author is a researcher at the Party School Base of Tianjin Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theoretical System Research Center)