上海419网友自荐 – 上海后花园论坛-上海419论坛-夜上海论坛

Trump has to retire again. ＂The eyes of the United States monitoring Russia are gone＂？

　　Cctv news: America is going to retreat from the group again! This time, it is a treaty called "Open Skies". What is the Open Skies Treaty? Why did the United States retreat? Why did the American media say that this is a big gift for Russia?

　　US media: Trump has signed a document to withdraw from the Open Skies Treaty.

　　On the 27th local time, The Wall Street Journal quoted American officials as saying that the Trump administration was starting to withdraw from the Open Skies Treaty, which had existed for nearly 30 years, and the President himself had signed a document of intent to withdraw from the treaty. The US media believes that Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty has failed at present, the prospect of the Treaty on Strategic Offensive Reductions between the United States and Russia is uncertain, and the arms control system after the Cold War has suffered a serious impact, which will be made worse by withdrawing from the Open Skies Treaty.

　　The concept of "open sky" was first born in the Cold War to dispel the fear of surprise attack.

　　Question 1: What is the Open Skies Treaty?

　　The so-called "open sky" concept can be traced back to the early Cold War: in order to save the US-Soviet camp from fear and surprise attack from the other side, then US President Eisenhower formally proposed in 1955 to allow the other side’s reconnaissance plane to fly in its own airspace.

　　At that time, US President EisenhowerWhat we want to do next is to alleviate the strong fear of possible surprise attack. Therefore, the United States and its allies propose that (the Soviet Union) can conduct reconnaissance on all North American areas north of the Rio Grande (the border between the United States and Mexico), including all European areas. In exchange, we also have the right to conduct reconnaissance on the Soviet Union.

　　"Open skies" planes can’t be armed. Russian military planes flew over Washington at low altitude.

　　However, the proposal of "open skies" failed to come true in the following decades; It was not until the late Cold War that Bush revived this idea during his term of office, trying to establish mutual trust between NATO and the Warsaw Pact countries at that time. In March 1992, the Treaty on Open Skies was signed in Helsinki, Finland, and came into force in 2002. At present, the Treaty has 34 member countries, including Canada and many European countries besides the United States and Russia.

　　According to the Open Skies Treaty, any member country can propose to another member country to send a reconnaissance plane to the airspace of the other country to carry out reconnaissance activities, provided that the application must be submitted 72 hours before the operation and the specific flight route must be submitted 24 hours before the operation, and the military personnel of the reconnaissance country must accompany the plane. Of course, the most important point is that the reconnaissance plane carrying out the open sky mission can only carry reconnaissance equipment and cannot carry any offensive weapons.

　　Because the relevant coordination work is carried out in secret, the open sky mission has caused a sensation several times over the years.

　　Host of CNN.Today, an unarmed Russian Air Force plane flew low over several important landmarks in the Washington area, including the Capitol, the Pentagon’s CIA headquarters in Virginia, and the Andrews base where the presidential plane "Air Force One" is located.

　　Russian reconnaissance plane flew over the mysterious area 51 this year.

　　According to US media reports, in August 2017, the Russian reconnaissance plane carrying out the open sky mission not only flew over Washington at low altitude, but also flew over the resort of the President of the United States — — Camp David and Trump’s private manor.

　　American CBS Channel 13 reporter (April 2019)A Russian plane flew over some of the most sensitive military facilities in the United States. Even American commercial planes were banned from flying over these places, but the Russian plane’s mission from northern California came with a peaceful purpose.

　　In April, 2019, another Russian reconnaissance plane flew over several strategic locations on the west coast of the United States, including vandenberg air force base, which was responsible for the US land-based intercontinental ballistic missile test, and the mysterious Area 51.

　　The second question: Why did the Trump administration withdraw from the contract?

　　One reason for the withdrawal of the United States: satellite performance improvement no longer requires reconnaissance aircraft.

　　Judging from the comprehensive reports of the US media, there is no consensus within the US government on whether to withdraw from the open skies treaty: there are three main reasons why hardline conservatives insist on withdrawing:

　　First of all, the "quitters" believe that with the continuous improvement of reconnaissance satellite technology, the United States no longer needs to send reconnaissance planes to obtain relevant information about Russian military facilities, and the funds, manpower and material resources invested should be used for other military projects with higher priority.

　　Expert Du WenlongThe treaty only has strategic communication value, and its military value is almost zero. You can’t see what you want to see, and you can’t see what you don’t want to see. The second reason for the withdrawal of the United States: Russia "sets limits" for US military reconnaissance flights.

　　Secondly, the United States accused Russia of repeatedly setting restrictions on the mission of the US reconnaissance plane: for example, the altitude and distance of American planes flying over Kaliningrad, a strategic place in Russia, were once restricted by Russia. However, according to the explanation given by the Russian Ministry of Defense, the reason why Russia did this was because there was a special plane of Russian leaders flying nearby at that time, and the restrictions were completely reasonable.

　　The third reason for the withdrawal of the United States: the Russian army upgraded its equipment to collect military intelligence "has the upper hand."

　　In addition, Russia’s new reconnaissance plane in recent years is also a major factor in the United States’ intention to withdraw from the contract.

　　Russian Red Star TV reporterThe Tu -214ON aircraft is the most advanced aircraft in the open sky mission at present. It is an aircraft that makes some people jealous, admired and puzzled. This aircraft is equipped with completely Russian-made systems: domestic cameras, domestic lenses and domestic computers.

　　The Tu -214ON reconnaissance plane has a range of 6,500 kilometers and a top speed of 850 kilometers per hour. The plane can fly at high altitude and low altitude, with a crew of 5 people. The plane is equipped with several sets of reconnaissance equipment, including infrared observation equipment, aerial camera, TV camera, vertical camera and remote camera, and also equipped with side-looking radar with a scanning range of 50 kilometers.

　　The "quitters" within the U.S. government believe that the United States has been using the relatively old OC-135B aircraft to perform the open sky mission for many years — — The lead in equipment gave Russia the upper hand in collecting American military intelligence.

　　Expert Du Wenlong:America’s "superior skill" belittles itself in order to find an excuse for withdrawing from the contract. The US media: withdrawing from the contract is equivalent to "giving a big gift to Putin".

　　Question 3: What impact will the withdrawal bring?

　　The New York Times recently wrote in an editorial, "The Open Skies Treaty has given the United States a pair of eyes over Russia, but now Trump wants to give up." Some members of Congress even described that withdrawing from the Open Skies Treaty would be a great gift from the United States to Putin.

　　Expert Du Wenlong: Cut off important strategic communication channels, undermine strategic mutual trust between the United States and Russia, and the United States will take other measures to contain Russia after withdrawing from the treaty.

In an emergency, charity law faces a series of challenges, perfecting charity rule of law and injecting more energy into emergency rescue.

　　In August, 2020, a flood and debris flow disaster occurred in Longnan City, Gansu Province. The members of the Blue Sky Rescue Team and local staff carried the urgently needed materials to the rescue helicopter. Photo by Ran Chuangchang/Bright Picture

　　On May 8, 2021, the "Le Ballon Rouge" orienteering race and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei emergency rescue talent competition were held in the Green Heart Park of Tongzhou City, Beijing. The picture shows the contestants performing CPR first aid operation. Xinhua news agency

　　　【 View of Law Eyes 】

　　　November 7 is a Sunday, and Ren Keyi has been busy until nearly 10 pm. As the captain of the Blue Sky Rescue Team in Jishan County, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, he took the team members to visit 19 families in Jingping Village and distributed winter clothes and stationery to the children. Unlike the unified relief materials, these clothes were chosen by the children themselves.

　　　From the night of October 2 to 6, extremely heavy precipitation occurred in most parts of Shanxi, and the flood disaster caused concern. The rain in Jishan County began in late August. This county is adjacent to the Fenhe River, and the rainfall is sometimes small, which eventually led to the Fenhe dam being washed away by the flood. After the hot search for emergency rescue and disaster relief, the post-disaster reconstruction work continues.

　　　This batch of winter clothes was supported by fundraising from partner organizations, and Han Qing team from Zhengzhou, Henan Province coordinated local partners to distribute them together. Han Qing’s team has organized material donations in many major disasters, and is quite experienced in this respect. However, he has not registered as a public welfare organization, but has been affiliated with other registered institutions as one of the projects every time. "Mainly to maintain flexibility, if I am officially registered in a certain district of Zhengzhou, in principle, I can only provide services there, but disaster relief itself is a cross-regional work." He said.

　　　These "troubles" are waiting to be pushed forward. The National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) charity law enforcement inspection report also elaborated the challenges faced by charity law in rescuing natural disasters and other emergencies, and called for revision to solve the outstanding problems.

　　1. Policy support needs further implementation.

　　　Blue Sky Rescue Team is an eye-catching figure in many disaster relief sites. There are nearly 800 rescue teams with brand authorization all over the country, which are well-known, but recently they have also faced some embarrassment similar to Han Qing.

　　　On October 14th, official website, the Beijing Civil Affairs Bureau, issued a public notice of administrative punishment, and the Beijing team, the founding team of Blue Sky Rescue Team, was given a warning, ordered to stop its activities for six months and fined 20,000 yuan. The reason is that it has set up branches in violation of regulations, which violates the provisions of Article 13 of the Provisional Regulations on the Registration and Administration of Private Non-enterprise Units. At the same time, there are behaviors that do not have the qualification to conduct public fundraising, which violates the provisions of Article 26 of the Charity Law.

　　　Zhang Yong, the commander-in-chief of Beijing Blue Sky Rescue Team, explained in an interview with the media that the administrative punishment of the Civil Affairs Bureau determined that Beijing Blue Sky Rescue Team had set up seven regional rescue teams and a pickup truck mobile team, which was an act of illegally setting up branches. "Beijing is so big that we have to have various groups to carry out services. For many years, it has been customary to call it administrative divisions. For example, the action group in Fengtai is called Fengtai Blue Sky Rescue Team, and I have never considered this issue before." In principle, these action groups should be registered separately in Fengtai and other districts.

　　　2008 was called "the first year of voluntary service in China", and charitable organizations showed a blowout development after the Wenchuan earthquake. Based on the implementation experience of the Regulations on the Management of Foundations, the Regulations on the Registration of Social Organizations, the Provisional Regulations on the Registration of Private Non-enterprise Units and the Donation Law for Public Welfare, the Charity Law was promulgated in 2016.

　　　"The charity law has been brewing for nearly 10 years, with a tortuous course and constant controversy. A core dispute is whether to adopt supervision and regulation or encourage development. " Xu Jialiang, Dean of China Institute of Public Welfare Development of Shanghai Jiaotong University, participated in the drafting of the expert opinion draft of the draft charity law. He recalled, "There are still two big disputes. One is whether charity belongs to the society or the government. If the government wants to do it, how much should it be done? Second, charity is done by professional institutions, or by each subject. " In the end, it was basically agreed that in order to supervise on the basis of promotion and encouragement, the government still reserved a part of charitable affairs, most of which were done by the society, and it was also clear that charitable organizations should do it as professional institutions and professionals, without excluding the participation of other subjects.

　　　After the legal revision was initiated in the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) this year, several expert seminars showed that the effectiveness of charity law needs to be further stimulated. "Public participation has not been completely released, the overall donation scale in China has not been significantly improved, which is disproportionate to the growth of GDP, and charitable organizations have determined that their enthusiasm is not high." Xu Jialiang said.

　　　He felt that some provisions needed to keep pace with the times. "For example, the charity law stipulated that the annual management expenses should not exceed 10% of the total expenditure of the year. For a large number of small organizations, the annual funding may be less than 1 million yuan, so the cost of employees is only 100,000 yuan, and even a full-time employee can’t be hired. "

　　　In addition, a series of incentives and preferential policies that have been introduced need to be further implemented. For example, Huang Shuming, assistant dean of China Public Welfare Research Institute of Beijing Normal University and director of charity research center, said that one of the goals of charity law legislation is to break the dual management system and promote the direct registration of charitable organizations in the civil affairs department, that is, there is no need for a competent business department. However, in practice, the registration and establishment of the three basic forms of charitable organizations, namely foundations, social organizations and social service institutions, still need to rely on the Regulations on the Administration of Foundations, the Regulations on the Administration of the Registration of Social Organizations and the Provisional Regulations on the Administration of the Registration of Private Non-enterprise Units, and still need the competent business departments.

　　　Among these three regulations, the Regulations on the Management of Foundations, which was formulated relatively late, has been implemented for 17 years, and many regulations can’t meet the current needs. However, the three regulations have not been revised since the introduction of the charity law, so new regulations on the management of social organizations and other supporting documents are needed to implement the institutional guarantee that charitable organizations should receive.

　　2. Improve the emergency coordination mechanism.

　　　Every time there is a major disaster, social forces will be greatly activated, and public welfare undertakings bear social expectations and become more and more important.

　　　"The charity law pays more attention to charitable acts under normal conditions, but there are only principled provisions for emergency situations. How to establish a coordination mechanism for government departments and how to mobilize social forces to participate is still lacking in specific norms at the implementation level." Huang Shuming believes that in order to do well in an emergency, we must form an institutional arrangement in which social forces participate in the normal state.

　　　This kind of joint force is often easily lacking in disaster relief: the emergency coordination mechanism between government departments and charitable forces is insufficient, and the communication between social organizations is insufficient, thus forming an information barrier that affects the rescue efficiency. "For example, when raising money for a province, we spent a lot of time at first to verify the help-seeking information circulating on the Internet. Some help-seekers may receive verification calls from many different organizations one day." Han Qing said that first of all, it is necessary to find out what materials a place needs, and it is necessary to constantly update it. The materials needed at different stages are different. If rescuers and materials get together in some places, and no one arrives in some places for a long time, it will cause huge waste of materials and manpower.

　　　All parties call for social forces to be included in various emergency plans. During the disaster relief process, the Jishan Blue Sky Rescue Team formed a response reporting and receiving task mechanism with the local emergency department. But in other disaster relief sites, this is not the norm.

　　　Social forces should also have more room to play. "If donated materials are only received and distributed by the Red Cross or the Charity Federation, it is easy to manage and master information, but the transparency is not high enough and the distribution efficiency is relatively low." Many frontline workers who participated in the rescue and disaster relief said that the grassroots will face some practical problems when assigning tasks. For example, the materials received by a village are not enough to cover the whole village, and it is not appropriate for anyone to send them first, and sometimes they will not be distributed for the time being.

　　　Collaboration has also attracted the attention of the industry. According to Peng Yanni, Secretary-General of Nandu Foundation, after the Ya ‘an earthquake in 2013, China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation and Nandu Foundation jointly launched the platform of "Foundation Disaster Relief Coordination Meeting" to promote the integration and complementarity of government disaster relief plans and foundation disaster relief actions, and promote the exchange of information between foundations. When the epidemic situation in COVID-19 is serious in 2020, relying on this platform, some social organizations that have long been concerned about the emergency field also joined in, forming a larger collaboration network.

　　3. Strengthen the construction of support mechanism for charitable organizations.

　　　In 2018, China’s emergency management system was restructured. After integrating the responsibilities of various departments and institutions, the National Emergency Management Department was established, and the emergency management system and capacity strode towards modernization. The auxiliary positioning of social emergency rescue forces is more clear, but at present, the number of professional rescue organizations, especially those with disaster relief and rescue capabilities, is insufficient. They need to be included in the complete rescue system, get professional training and find a stable source of funds.

　　　Emergency rescue is a field that relies heavily on professional ability, which requires a lot of skill training every day. Ren Xiaolun is the captain of the Blue Sky Rescue Team in Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, and has participated in flood rescue in Henan and Shanxi. He introduced that some team members should be able to operate lifeboats, and some should use sonar systems for underwater detection. At the same time, the whole team should undergo physical examination and have the qualification of first aid workers and radio licenses. In addition to mastering professional skills, you should also serve for a long time. At present, some social rescue forces in China are not effectively trained, and there are situations in which the rescue team itself needs rescue at the disaster relief site.

　　　In order to improve the professionalism of the team, taking the Blue Sky Rescue Team in Jishan County as an example, the local emergency department and the Blue Sky Rescue Team organized some training, but the expenses needed to be taken care of by themselves, so the funding problem became the biggest reason for the loss of team members.

　　　Ren Xiaolun said frankly that their lifeboats were bought by the players themselves. Usually, the accommodation and travel expenses involved in the rescue are also self-care. However, the Blue Sky Rescue Team in Jishan County has no lifeboats and other equipment, so it can only ask the rescue teams in neighboring counties for help when necessary.

　　　Peng Yanni pointed out that there are very few funded foundations at present, and other types of social organizations often have to raise funds from other channels. In addition to self-financing, part of the funds also come from services purchased by the government and donations from enterprises or individuals.

　　　At present, in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, where disasters are frequent, the local earthquake prevention and disaster reduction bureau provides Sichuan Blue Sky Rescue Team with expenses that can cover personnel insurance, training funds and administrative costs, but this practice is not universal. The National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) charity law enforcement inspection report also pointed out that the government’s mechanism of supporting charitable organizations through purchasing services needs to be further improved.

　　　Peng Yanni and Huang Zhongming both mentioned social consciousness. When a disaster occurs, a large number of donations will be received, but these are all special funds for disaster relief. Huang Shuming felt that the rescue force could not appear naturally when a disaster occurred. In the early stage, prevention and emergency preparedness, monitoring and early warning, and post-disaster reconstruction, there was not so much attention and insufficient input. In an emergency situation, everyone thinks that platform construction and team building are needed, but the construction is long-term.

　　　(Reporter Chen Huijuan)

The method you have been using to lose weight may be wrong! Please stay away from these six …

"If you don’t lose weight now, summer will be sad."

Summer is coming.

More and more people are worried about "losing weight"

Some methods of losing weight that are madly transmitted on the Internet from time to time.

Does it really work?

According to the Report on Nutrition and Chronic Diseases of Residents in China 2020, the overweight and obesity rate of adult residents in China has exceeded 50%, and the obesity rate has exceeded 16%. Obesity not only affects appearance, but also increases the risk of various chronic diseases, so more and more people are beginning to pay attention to the topic of weight loss.

How to be fat?

Many people take their weight as a measure of their obesity, especially many women think that "a good woman is not more than a hundred", and even think that the lighter the weight, the better. This is a wrong concept.

If you want to know whether you are obese, you need to pay attention to three indicators: BMI, waist circumference and body fat rate.

BMI: BMI = weight (kg) ÷ height (m) 2;

Generally speaking, those with a BMI of 18.5 ~ 23.9 are considered as normal weight, those with a BMI of 24 ~ 27.9 are overweight, and those above 28 are obese, as shown in the following table:

It should be noted that the weight should be weighed in the morning, on an empty stomach and after excretion, not at night.

Waist circumference: If the waist circumference of men is ≥ 90cm and that of women is ≥ 85cm, even if the calculation result of BMI is within the normal range, it is also abdominal obesity, and it is also necessary to lose weight!

Body fat rate: body fat rate = (fat weight ÷ body weight) X100%

The body fat rate of normal adults is 15%-18% for men and 25%-28% for women. Under normal circumstances, men’s body fat is higher than 25%, and women’s body fat is higher than 30%. If the body fat rate is too low, that is, less than 5% for men and less than 13% for women, it may cause physical dysfunction.

all the time

There are many ways to lose weight on the Internet.

For example, cooking with only water can lose weight.

Fruit is low in calories, so eating fruit can reduce weight.

Losing weight means staying away from red meat completely.

"liquid break diet"

……

Are these practices really reliable?

Are these weight loss methods really reliable?

one

Can you reduce fat if you consume less calories than calories?

Weight loss is related to calorie difference. When the calorie intake is less than the calorie consumption, there will be a calorie deficit, but the calorie deficit cannot be simply superimposed.

Do a simple math problem:

If you consume 100 kilocalories a day, you can consume about 36,500 kilocalories a year, and 0.5 kg of fat can provide 4,500 kilocalories, so you can lose about 4 kg of fat a year and 20 kg of fat in five years.

However, what we have seen in clinical trials is that if we consume 100 kilocalories less every day, we can lose about 4.5 kilograms of fat in five years, which is far from what we expected.

Why is this? This is because the body will refuse to change through various methods, reduce basal metabolism, and strive to control the weight at a stable adjustment point, resulting in the loss of weight is not a simple calorie consumption. The calorie deficit will not be fully reflected in the lost fat, and lean body weight such as muscle will also be lost, so the calorie difference is not equal to the lost fat.

Tips: losing weight is not just as simple as doing math problems, but keeping your body in new challenges and leaving your "comfort zone" in order to maintain the rate of losing weight.

Can you exercise for more than 30 minutes to consume fat?

Many people think that it takes more than 30 minutes to burn fat, so you must do aerobic exercise for a long time to lose weight. But this statement is completely wrong.

From the first minute of exercise, glycogen and fat are mixed for energy supply. Although the longer the exercise time, the higher the proportion of fat energy supply, but it is only a slight difference from 50% to 60%. It is not that the human body miraculously consumes only fat after 30 minutes of exercise.

So which kind of exercise is more conducive to losing weight? Is it aerobic exercise (low intensity and long time) or strength training (explosive resistance exercise)?

The consensus in the field of sports physiology is that HIIT (short-term high-intensity and explosive resistance exercise) is most beneficial to "fat burning". Although the total time of this kind of exercise is not long, it can produce a continuous "fat burning" effect after exercise. If you practice several groups of HIIT in the morning, you can improve the basal metabolic rate throughout the day and continue to lose fat. But after HIIT, you will feel very hungry, so remember to control yourself and don’t eat too many snacks.

three

Can you lose weight by cooking only with water?

Compared with other cooking methods, such as stir-frying, braising and braising, boiling vegetables can usually reduce the fat and calories, because it is not necessary to add a lot of oil to cook, which helps to reduce its calories, so many people say that it can lose weight.

Actually, not necessarily. The key to losing weight is to control the energy balance. Only when the energy intake is less than the energy expenditure can we lose weight. Only eat water to cook, but if you eat a lot, you also eat a lot of vegetables with high energy, such as potato chips, yam chips, lotus root chips and other vegetables with high starch content, which are also high in energy and will gain weight.

Moreover, cooking with water only, without eating meat, eggs and milk, and without fruits and other foods, boiled vegetables cannot provide all the nutrients needed by the body, such as high-quality protein and fat, which may lead to malnutrition and affect health. To lose weight healthily, we should not only control the calorie intake, but also ensure the intake of diversified foods, including meat, eggs and milk, and ensure adequate nutrition.

Generally speaking, cooking only with water may not be able to lose weight, and it is unhealthy to eat like this. To lose weight, we must also ensure a reasonable diet structure and balanced nutrient intake.

four

Fruit is low in calories. Can you lose weight by eating fruit?

Fruits are usually low in calories and rich in fiber and water, which makes them one of the ideal choices for people to lose weight. However, simply eating fruit to lose weight may not be a dream.

First of all, although fruits are relatively low in calories, most of them still contain a certain amount of carbohydrates. If you eat a lot, for example, if you eat three or four kilograms of grapes and strawberries every day, it will also lead to weight gain. Moreover, the energy of some fruits is not low at all. For example, the calorie of durian is 150 kcal/100g, and the calorie of avocado is 171 kcal/100g g. Eating more will not make you lose weight.

Secondly, just like vegetables, both fruits and vegetables are healthy when viewed separately. If you only rely on fruits to lose weight for a long time, it may lead to malnutrition and health problems. The key to a healthy diet lies in diverse foods and balanced nutrition.

five

"Liquid-broken diet", is it thin after drinking?

"Liquid diet" is an extreme way to lose weight, which usually means drinking only water or other low-calorie liquids for a period of time without eating solid food. The principle of this method is to limit calorie intake, which leads to weight loss. Because water and other liquids have less calories than solid foods, they may cause weight loss in the short term.

However, there are serious health risks in the "liquid diet".

First of all, relying only on liquid intake for a long time will lead to malnutrition, because drinking water can only provide water for the body, and other nutrients are gone. There are no nutrients such as protein, fat, carbohydrates and vitamins that the body needs to survive, which can easily lead to health problems such as metabolic disorder, decreased immunity and muscle loss.

Secondly, if you only drink water, it will also affect the water-electrolyte balance of the body, leading to dehydration and other health problems.

Therefore, it is not advisable to rely on the "liquid diet" for a long time to lose weight.

six

Do you want to lose weight completely away from red meat?

It is also a headache to eat red meat in the process of losing weight. Some people think that red meat is high in fat and should be eliminated when losing weight. Is this really the case? Actually, this statement is not reliable.

Why do some people think that you shouldn’t eat red meat to lose weight? Experts said that people think that red meat is not conducive to weight loss because its fat storage location is different from that of white meat. The fat of white meat such as fish and poultry is stored under the skin. When eating, the skin can be removed to avoid fat intake.

However, the fat of red meat such as beef and mutton is stored between muscles, so it is difficult to eliminate it, so it gives people a feeling that "you can’t eat red meat if you lose weight". In fact, the key to losing weight lies in how much energy you consume, which has nothing to do with eating red meat.

Eating a small amount of red meat has certain benefits for weight loss. Girls who usually eat a normal diet can eat a small amount of red meat (50g-100g) during weight loss, especially for girls who are prone to anemia. Eating a little red meat can prevent anemia during weight loss. At the same time, girls will lose some iron during menstruation. Eating red meat can help them supplement iron and avoid anemia and amenorrhea during weight loss.

What are the scientific ways to lose weight?

1. light diet, increase fiber intake

The color and smell of food will stimulate appetite, so you should cook food in a light way. Avoid eating too carefully and increase the intake of cellulose (vegetables, fruits and miscellaneous grains) in food, which can not only improve satiety, but also improve intestinal motility and reduce stool.

Step 2 Exercise properly

Although there is an upper limit to increase energy consumption by exercise, proper exercise can maintain muscle mass and restore muscle cell function during weight loss, so it is suggested to exercise properly and reasonably during weight loss. Most clinical guidelines advise adults to participate in 150-300 minutes of moderate (60%-80% of the maximum heart rate) or 75-150 minutes of strenuous physical activity per week, and 2-3 times of resistance training per week. The reasonable schedule recommended for ordinary adults is: 4-6 weeks after the start of the plan, extend the exercise time by 5-10 minutes every 1-2 weeks, and gradually.

3. Chew slowly and eat in a small bowl

Chewing slowly when eating food is beneficial to achieve satiety earlier, so as to stop eating and consume less calories. When eating the same amount of food, chewing slowly will consume more calories than normal eating speed. Large bowls and basins are easy to have the illusion of "not eating much" visually, and eating with small bowls can also reduce food intake.

4. Learn to read the ingredient list and nutrient composition list.

The nutrient composition table will show the calories of food and the percentages of three macro nutrients, namely protein, fat and carbohydrate, so that you can calculate the calories you will consume after eating the next food, which can help you control the total calories you consume every day.

5. Ensure drinking water.

Use boiled water, tea water, black coffee, etc. instead of drinking. Adequate drinking water can occupy a certain amount of stomach, reduce hunger, and help metabolism and consume more fat. Ensure at least 1500-1700 ml of drinking water every day, and drink slowly with small mouth and multiple frequencies to avoid "water poisoning" when drinking too much water at one time.

Want to receive more popular science knowledge in time

Set "Guangdong popular science" as a star sign ~

↓↓↓

The disorderly growth of ＂rice circle＂ leads to many chaotic phenomena. How to correct the deviation according to law？

"Fanquan" is a group formed spontaneously by fans in pursuit of people or things they like together. The "rice circle" has also had a positive impact on the real society: the crowdfunding donation of the "rice circle" in public welfare activities can not only help the needy groups, but also transmit positive energy; The rational creative support behavior of "rice circle" is also helpful to promote the development of cultural industry. However, with the disorderly growth of "rice circles", many chaotic phenomena have emerged, causing serious social harm. In order to lay a solid ideological foundation and strengthen the guidance of public opinion, it is necessary to improve and optimize relevant laws in time, correct the chaos of "rice circles" according to law, and strengthen the governance efficiency of "rice circles".

1. Control and evaluation manipulate public opinion space, and legal supervision is blind.

One of the chaotic phenomena of "rice circle" is comment control, which takes two forms: one is that fans abuse the reporting mechanism. Some fans classify the normal comments of ordinary netizens as malicious black comments. Once they find negative voices or dissident voices involving idol names, abbreviations and appellations, they advise publishers to modify or delete them, or incite fan groups to complain and report. The second is that fans screen homogeneous information. The screen-brushing scenes mainly include: the control and evaluation team makes promotional materials, and fans consciously forward them in scale to expand the popularity of idols; Screen idol information in the film and television drama review area, brand live broadcast room, etc. to show idol influence; When idols have negative public opinion events, fans will defend them in a unified way, or release massive positive content to suppress negative hot search.

Although the above phenomenon does not touch the legal red line, it violates the moral bottom line and seriously affects the orderly development of online public opinion. The "rice circle" abuses the reporting mechanism, making the governance tool a means for fans to take revenge. At the same time, the homogeneous content of "rice circle" will artificially concoct hot spots, which will affect the orderly spread of the network, and will also encourage fans to constantly fight for help and irrational consumption in order to maintain the popularity, and will also cause fans to justify the disqualification of idols regardless of right and wrong, and even cover up and beautify the illegal and criminal acts of idols. Recently, the Central Network Information Office issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Governance of the Chaos in the "Rice Circle" (hereinafter referred to as the "Notice"), proposing to continue to dissolve the fan communities and groups with the theme of control. The "Notice" has made great efforts to rectify the harm caused by the large-scale control and evaluation of common control and evaluation groups, but in addition to communities and groups, the harm caused by spontaneous control and evaluation by fans should be paid attention to.

2. Cyber violence has a wide range of hazards, and public and private affairs should be paid equal attention to as a whole.

The second phenomenon of "rice circle" chaos is cyber violence, which is commonly manifested as: uglification, abuse, derogatory and threatening others; Compile and spread rumors; Insulting the image of others by making pictures and other means; Human flesh searches and exposes other people’s address, unit, certificate number and other private information; Leaking, buying and selling the star’s residence, itinerary and traffic information, etc.; Tracking, voyeuristic, and secretly photographing stars, publishing, selling and exhibiting their secretly photographed images without the consent of the stars; Invade the star’s private residence and harass the star by telephone, text message and email.

The "Notice" clearly requires all platforms to promptly discover and clean up all kinds of harmful information such as tearing and swearing, pulling and stepping on wars, rumors and attacks by fans in the "rice circle", and strictly deal with illegal and illegal accounts. Although titles are a punishment measure, cyber violence should be punished more according to different actors and circumstances.

In the protection of personal rights and interests: First of all, according to the provisions of the Civil Code, publishing insulting and defamatory remarks, which substantially reduces the social evaluation of others, constitutes a reputation infringement. If the circumstances are serious, according to the provisions of the criminal law, it constitutes the crime of insult and libel. Secondly, the above-mentioned acts of making pictures, taking pictures and publishing constitute portrait infringement. Finally, according to the provisions of the Civil Code, human flesh search, information disclosure and other acts illegally expose private information that individuals do not want to be known to others, tracking and invading disturb the rational and private space of other characters, and information harassment disturbs the peace of life of others, all of which constitute privacy infringement.

In terms of social security, insults, slanders, intimidation and other acts that endanger public order shall be punished accordingly in accordance with the provisions of the Public Security Administration Punishment Law. If the circumstances are serious, according to the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in Handling Criminal Cases of Defamation by Information Network, the offender shall be convicted and punished for the crime of stirring up trouble. Whoever fabricates false information and causes serious public disorder shall be convicted and punished for the crime of stirring up trouble in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Law. If the act of buying or selling other people’s information reaches the serious standard, it shall be punished as the crime of infringing citizens’ personal information.

3. Improper fund-raising has hidden risks, and regulatory measures need to be strengthened.

The third chaos of "rice circle" is fan fund-raising, that is, fan fund-raising activities organized by individual fans, support clubs and other groups or stars and their studios for playing lists, voting, buying gifts and supporting materials, and holding offline publicity activities. There are serious legal risks in fan fund-raising, including opaque fund operation, unknown whereabouts of the money raised, illegal occupation by sponsors, etc.

The "Notice" stipulates that all platforms should promptly discover and clean up all kinds of illegal fund-raising information; For websites and platforms that focus on problems, fail to perform their duties effectively, and induce minors to participate in fund-raising for aid, they shall be punished according to laws and regulations; Continue to investigate and dispose of overseas websites that provide voting and fundraising. For the fund-raising behavior without platform participation and organized and managed by fans spontaneously, the legal problems existing in it can be regulated from the civil and criminal perspectives.

At present, the academic circles have not unified the legal nature of fan fund-raising. One view is that fan fund-raising is a commission relationship, and usually it is a free commission. As the trustee, the sponsor shall report to the participant (the principal) the purpose of fund-raising, the details of income and expenditure, and the handling of assistance affairs, etc. According to the provisions of the Civil Code, if the trustee causes losses to the principal due to intentional or gross negligence, the principal may request compensation for the losses; If the trustee exceeds his authority and causes losses to the principal, he shall compensate for the losses. Another view is that fan fund-raising is a civil gift relationship, and it is often a gift with obligations. According to the provisions of the civil code, when the sponsor fails to fulfill the obligation of supporting, the participants have the right to cancel the gift and request the return of the property. According to the criminal law, improper fund-raising may also constitute fraud and embezzlement. First, the fund-raising promoters deliberately fabricated the facts of aid, deceived fans to pay the aid fees, and illegally possessed the proceeds to raise funds, which constituted the crime of fraud. Second, the fund-raising promoters took the money entrusted by other fans for their own use and did not use it for support, and reached the standard of a large amount. After other fans found it, they still refused to return it, which constituted the crime of illegal embezzlement. However, the above laws do not regulate the process, frequency, amount, participants and managers of fund-raising.

4. Offline activities disrupt public order and increase prevention and control efforts.

The fourth chaos of "rice circle" is disturbing public order, which is manifested in three aspects: first, a large number of fans gather and crowd in public places such as shopping malls and airports to watch the stars, which will not only interfere with the normal operation of public areas, but also destroy public facilities and cause stampede injuries due to disorderly crowding. Second, fans extend cyber violence to offline, contain, harass and attack others, endanger their personal safety and threaten social order. Third, under the influence of group infection, fans turn online irrational emotions into offline collective actions, which increases the difficulty of realistic governance and intensifies social risks. For example, famous artists are detained on suspicion of committing crimes, and some emotional fans gather in front of the police station to speak for them.

In this regard, relevant departments should strengthen governance, take both online and offline measures, strengthen guidance and prevention, and not only supervise improper online speech in real time, but also rectify illegal gathering behavior according to law. According to the provisions of the Public Security Administration Punishment Law, the above-mentioned acts involve disturbing the order of stations, ports, docks, airports, shopping malls, parks, exhibition halls or other public places, and they are given a warning or a fine of less than 200 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for more than five days and less than ten days, and may also be fined up to five hundred yuan. According to the criminal law, fans have the following behaviors: beating others at will, and the circumstances are bad; Chasing, intercepting and insulting others, with bad circumstances; Making trouble in public places, causing serious disorder in public places, etc., constitutes the crime of stirring up trouble.

5. Build a long-term governance mechanism to create a clear cyberspace.

In order to effectively prevent the chaos of "rice circle" from eroding the mainstream ideology, infiltrating erroneous thoughts and threatening social security, relevant departments should sum up practical experience and challenges and optimize rectification measures on the basis of governance according to law.

First, build a long-term governance mechanism. "Rice circle" is becoming a social phenomenon day by day, and its guidance and regulation should become a normal work. At present, the governance practice faces challenges: First, there is a lack of complete regulatory rules, and special activities take temporary solutions instead of permanent solutions. Once the activities are over, similar chaos may come back. Second, there is a lack of unified management standards, and the implementation effect is difficult to evaluate. In this regard, relevant departments should not only clarify the scope of powers and responsibilities of all parties according to law, but also link platforms, celebrities and their affiliated enterprises and ordinary citizens, build a multi-party governance grid, strengthen daily supervision, improve inspection and assessment standards, and urge the platform to set up a unified management system to enhance its self-inspection ability.

Secondly, it is necessary to optimize the existing remediation rules. The existing governance basis for fans’ comment behavior is mainly the Notice issued by the Central Network Information Office. The "Notice" requires the platform to vigorously disband the fan communities and groups with the theme of control and evaluation, and has achieved remarkable results since its implementation. However, only cleaning up the control and evaluation groups may not only ignore the spontaneous screen-brushing behavior of fans, but also lack the regulation of malicious reporting and evaluation. In order to further strengthen the prevention and control in advance, the specific rules need to be optimized and improved.

Finally, the rule of law and the rule of virtue should be combined to give play to the leading power of morality. The governance of "rice circle" should not only be guaranteed by punitive provisions, but also be based on moral concepts. Stimulate the positive energy of "rice circle" and correct the wrong direction of "rice circle" As for the platform, the law should not only stipulate its regulatory responsibilities, but also emphasize its publicity obligations. The platform should actively recommend outstanding cultural works and encourage fans to pay attention to the pioneering deeds of moral models in various fields. In terms of stars and their affiliated companies, relevant departments should introduce norms. First, they should regulate the words and deeds of stars, play their role as role models, and drive fans to participate in public welfare; Second, we must clarify the management obligations, urge them to correct the improper behavior of the "rice circle", and supervise the fund-raising procedures and flow. At the school and family level, teenagers should be guided to "button up the first button in life", educate the right and wrong, and lead the concept of healthy idolize. (Author: Wang Tianzheng, a researcher at Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center, the supreme leader of Beijing, and a professor at China University of Political Science and Law; Cui Yao, Ph.D. student, China University of Political Science and Law)

Personal savings pension is coming, would you like to join it？

　　Reading tips

　　China’s old-age insurance system is a system composed of three pillars: basic old-age insurance, enterprise annuity and occupational annuity, personal savings old-age insurance and commercial old-age insurance, which is undoubtedly conducive to coping with China’s aging population and promoting the sustainable development of the old-age insurance system. At present, it is urgent to promote the construction of the third pillar pension insurance because the first pillar basic pension insurance is "one big one" and the second pillar enterprise annuity develops slowly and its coverage is relatively small.

　　With the aggravation of population aging, how to enrich the "money bag" of providing for the aged has become a hot topic of concern.

　　This year’s government work report mentioned the third pillar pension insurance for the first time, and proposed to standardize its development. This plan sparked a heated discussion.

　　What is the third pillar of old-age insurance, which groups are suitable for it, and how many "chips" can it add to old-age care after joining? Let’s listen to professionals to calculate this pension account.

　　The third pillar is a short board in the endowment insurance system.

　　What is the third pillar endowment insurance?

　　China’s endowment insurance system is a "three-pillar" system. Zheng Bingwen, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and director of the World Social Security Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, said that the first pillar is the basic old-age insurance, which is often referred to as the pension, the second pillar is the enterprise annuity and the occupational annuity, and the third pillar includes the personal savings pension insurance and the commercial pension insurance.

　　"The first pillar is pay-as-you-go, government-led and basic; The second pillar is the enterprise (occupational) annuity, which is dominated by the employer and can help the employer attract talents. The third pillar is individual-led, and some money is paid before tax when working, and then taxed when retiring. These three pillars jointly support old-age care. " Dong Keyong, a professor at the School of Public Administration of China Renmin University, explained to reporters.

　　From the experience of various countries, establishing a multi-level old-age insurance system is considered to be an important measure to deal with the aging population and promote the sustainable development of the old-age insurance system.

　　You Jun, deputy director of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, said in an interview that among the three levels of the current old-age insurance system, as the first level of basic old-age insurance, the system is basically sound, and the employee old-age insurance plus urban and rural residents’ old-age insurance has covered nearly one billion people. As the second level, the enterprise annuity and occupational annuity systems have been initially established and gradually improved, covering more than 58 million people at present.

　　The first pillar of the basic old-age insurance covers a wide range of people, but "one branch is the only one", coupled with the current situation that the pension accounts for no more than 45% of the pre-retirement salary on average, which makes many professionals worry that with the deepening of aging, the income and expenditure pressure of the basic old-age insurance will increase day by day.

　　"The second pillar enterprise annuity has developed slowly and its coverage is relatively small. At this time, we must consider taking the third pillar as the entry point and accelerate the establishment of a multi-level old-age security system. " Sun Jie, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and vice president of university of international business and economics Institute of Insurance, said.

　　It is urgent to promote the construction of the third pillar endowment insurance. "As the third level of personal pension system has not yet been introduced. Indeed, the third level is still a shortcoming in the entire pension insurance system. " You Jun is outspoken.

　　At the same time, more and more people choose flexible employment. There is no clear employer for this group, and the third pillar pension insurance led by individuals has high hopes on how to protect the pension rights of this group.

　　The market reflects the pilot policy that "it is not easy to say that I love you"

　　In fact, since May 2018, the third pillar pension insurance has been piloted in Shanghai, Fujian and Suzhou.

　　The pilot is clear, and personal tax deferred commercial endowment insurance is implemented. The insured who purchases tax-deferred old-age insurance products can pay the premium before tax, and then pay personal income tax when they receive the insurance money after retirement, and the maximum monthly tax deduction can be made for 1000 yuan.

　　In view of many employees’ concern about how much they can get when they buy tax-deferred old-age insurance, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission has calculated an account: suppose the insured person starts to participate at the age of 30 and takes out insurance in 1000 yuan every month, and the guaranteed rate of return on products is 3.5%. When he retires at the age of 60, he will pay a premium of 360,000 yuan, with an account value of 618,000 yuan. Through actuarial calculation, you can get 2746 yuan a month.

　　By the end of April 2020, a total of 23 insurance companies had participated in the pilot project, and 19 companies had issued orders, achieving a cumulative premium income of 300 million yuan and a total of 47,600 participants.

　　The relevant person in charge of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission said that the personal tax deferred commercial endowment insurance pilot is progressing smoothly, but the overall scale is not large, and the market generally reflects that the policy is not attractive enough.

　　One of the reasons why the pilot is not attractive enough is that the beneficiary groups are further narrowed when it comes to tax reform.

　　Zhou Yanfang, deputy to the National People’s Congress and deputy general manager of China Taibao Life Insurance Shanghai Branch, who participated in the research and formulation of the tax-deferred pension insurance policy, once revealed that the original tax calculation method was largely referenced when formulating the tax-deferred pension insurance policy.

　　Due to the adjustment of individual tax policy, the threshold is raised from 3,500 yuan to 5,000 yuan per month, which leads to the reduction of taxpayers and the coverage of tax-deferred pension insurance.

　　Not long ago, at the press conference held by the State Council Office, Luo Xi, the chairman of China People’s Insurance Group, talked about the remarkable characteristics of the third pillar pension insurance. First of all, he said that it is a way to provide personal pension for high-income groups.

　　At the same time, tax incentives are insufficient. According to Zhou Yanfang, according to the pilot method, the tax rate for workers who need to pay a tax when they retire is 7.5%, while according to the new personal income tax payment policy, workers who earn less than 8,000 yuan a month need to pay a tax rate of 3%.

　　Since the monthly income of most workers in China is less than 8,000 yuan, Zhou Yanfang believes that the tax preferential policy of tax extension pension insurance has a negative incentive effect. In addition, the tax extension ceiling in 1000 yuan is not attractive enough for high-income earners.

　　It is suggested that tax exemption should be appropriately increased to enhance its attractiveness.

　　"The tax revenue is not enough." Luo Xi suggested that the state should comprehensively consider various aspects and appropriately increase the intensity of tax exemption.

　　Zhou Yanfang agrees with this. She suggested raising the pre-tax deduction standard of tax-deferred pension insurance and raising the monthly deduction amount to 3,000 yuan. And establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism for tax incentives, reduce or exempt the tax rate at the collection stage, and improve the attractiveness of products and the coverage of preferential policies.

　　At present, there are some problems in tax-deferred pension insurance, such as inconvenient participation, complicated process and complicated calculation. Zheng Bingwen believes that a complete design scheme of the third pillar system should be put forward to accommodate all financial products, so that tax preferential policies can be implemented on account holders instead of products, so that account holders can "eat all qualified financial products" with one account, so as to improve the convenience and accessibility of the third pillar.

　　"I hope to speed up the pilot, expand the scope of the pilot, and push the face away." Sun Jie suggested that the preferential tax policy should be changed into financial subsidies, and low-and middle-income people should be paid through financial subsidies, so that more people can participate in commercial endowment insurance independently.

　　The reporter learned that in recent years, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security has systematically planned and designed the third-level institutional model under the framework of a multi-level endowment insurance system.

　　"After full research and demonstration, drawing lessons from international experience and summing up some domestic pilot experiences, a preliminary idea has been formed." You Jun introduced that the general consideration is to establish a personal pension system based on the account system, with voluntary participation of individuals, tax support from the state finance, and market-oriented investment and operation of funds.

　　According to reports, in the next step, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security will implement it as soon as possible to meet diversified needs and better protect the happy life of the elderly.

Knowledge： What you should know about the Middle East.

Xinhuanet Beijing, January 19th When it comes to the Middle East, your first reaction is … chaos? Indeed, the Middle East gives people the impression that it is chaotic: there are many wars, many problems and many concepts … These tangled chaos in the Middle East are really the "news spots" that the media like to report, but is "chaos" really the whole of the Middle East? Of course not!

What you see and hear may be true, but it may not be comprehensive. Besides, American and western media are still dominant in the world, and what they tell you may not be true.

So, what is the real Middle East like? Ordinary foreigners who have worked and lived in the Middle East will tell you this: a long history, splendid civilization, rich products, simple people … The mosque in Saudi Mecca is solemn and sacred, the Egyptian pyramids and the Nile River shine brightly, the bazaar in Tehran, Iran is busy and lively, street vendors, mysterious robes, exotic music and dances, lush date palm groves … where tranquility and noise are intertwined, and tradition and modernity are combined.

The picture shows tourists riding camels to visit the pyramids in Cairo, the capital of Egypt.

The Middle East is "chaotic", but the disputes and conflicts between Syria, Iraq, Yemen and Palestine and Israel are only partial and few. Most parts of the Middle East are not chaotic, where there is a basic production and living order in a normal country, and ordinary people should eat, drink and lead a normal life …

Understand the "chaos" and "no chaos" in the Middle East. Under this basic understanding, let’s discuss what is the correct way to understand the Middle East. First of all, we must understand some concepts.

Middle East

First of all, the Middle East is a generalized geographical concept, specifically referring to most parts of West Asia and North Africa.

Most of the Middle East is Islamic countries, except Israel and Cyprus. The Middle East is mostly Arab countries, except Turkey, Iran, Israel and Cyprus. Therefore, the words Middle East, Arab countries and Islamic countries cannot be equated.

Next, the conceptual misunderstandings that are easy to get around are popular.

[Islamic countries and Arab countries]

Islamic countries, also known as Muslim countries, refer to countries and regions where Islam is the national religion and most residents believe in Islam. Muslims are people who believe in Islam. Both Islam and Muslims are transliterated in Arabic with the same root.

Arab countries refer to countries dominated by Arab peoples. The people mainly speak Arabic and believe in Islam, and have similar cultures and customs. Arab countries are mainly distributed in West Asia and North Africa, that is, the Middle East.

The picture shows the Babel of the Great Mosque in Samarra, Iraq.

To put it simply, Middle Eastern countries are divided by geography, Islamic countries are divided by religion, and Arab countries are divided by ethnicity. The Middle East is mainly Arab countries, and the Arab nation mainly believes in Islam, and Islam spreads in the world, not only in the Middle East and Arab nations, so Islamic countries are more widely distributed.

Understand the above concepts, you can immediately understand what is the Organization of Islamic Cooperation and the League of Arab States. The former is an international organization composed of Islamic countries, and the latter is a regional international organization composed of Arab countries.

The picture shows the scene of the GCC summit in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, on December 10th, 2015.

There is also the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC), which, as its name implies, is the main organization of Arab countries in the Gulf region. The Gulf here refers to the Na Pianhai between Iran and Arabian Peninsula. The "Gulf" of the Gulf War refers to it. Iran calls it Persian Gulf, and Arabs call it Arabian Gulf. It can be seen that there are many stories about the Gulf.

Ethnic group

In all the concepts mentioned above, ethnic and religious issues can’t be avoided. Let’s increase our knowledge immediately.

The main ethnic groups in the Middle East are Arabs, Persians, Jews and Turks. They all have their own countries, namely Arab countries, Iran, Israel and Turkey. There is also a relatively large ethnic group, Kurds, but they do not have their own country, mainly scattered in many countries in the Middle East.

From history to reality, the harmonious coexistence of these major ethnic groups is the mainstream, and there are different degrees of grievances in different periods, so ethnic contradictions are one of the reasons for the chaos in the Middle East.

[Islam]

People in the Middle East mainly believe in Islam, Judaism and Christianity, and Jerusalem is the holy land of the three major religions in the world. Religious issues have always hampered the history and present of the Middle East, both within and outside the region.

We mainly talk about Islam, the main religion in the Middle East.

Islam means "obedience" and "peace", and its meaning shows that Islam advocates peace, which can also be seen from the green color in the national flags of many Islamic countries.

The picture shows pilgrims praying at Mount Arafat in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, on September 23, 2015.

Islam obeys and believes in Allah, while the Prophet Muhammad is said to have accepted "enlightenment" and "been ordained to be holy" to carry out the "mission" given by Allah, spreading Islam and making it the dominant position in the Arabian Peninsula at that time. Muhammad is actually equivalent to a great missionary.

While preaching, Muhammad was also a politician. At the end of 631 AD, he completed the political unification of Arabian Peninsula, and all tribes converted to Islam one after another, and also recognized his leadership. He established a political power that combines politics and religion. Therefore, Muhammad is both a religious leader and a political leader.

[Shiites and Sunnis]

Speaking of which, it’s time to explain the sectarian problem. After Muhammad’s death, there have been two major factions of Islam, Sunni and Shia. The main difference between them lies in who is the legal heir of Muhammad. This is both a religious issue and a political issue. Simply put, who should inherit power.

Shiites believe that only Muhammad’s son-in-law and cousin Ali and his direct descendants (that is, Muhammad Hashemite family) are the legal heirs, while Sunnis believe that the caliph (meaning heir) is the legal heir and the leader of Islamic politics and religion.

The picture shows a mosque in southern Tehran, Iran.

Over the past 1000 years, these two factions have met each other at war and lived in harmony for a long time. It was not until modern times that the sectarian problem became prominent and sharp because of the intervention of western powers in the Middle East.

Sunnis are the largest, accounting for more than 80% of Muslims in the world. Shiites are mainly distributed in Iran, Iraq, Syria, Bahrain and other countries. Iran, Iraq and Syria are the only Shia countries in the world.

There are so many differences between countries in the Middle East, and the most basic difference is the political system. Some are monarchies such as Saudi Arabia, and some are constitutional monarchies such as Kuwait and Jordan. Some are parliamentary republics, such as Turkey and Israel. Some are presidential republics, such as Egypt and Lebanon.

Petroleum

There is another important reason for the turmoil in the Middle East, besides the geopolitical game of external forces and the internal ethnic, sectarian and institutional factors, and that is oil. It took about a hundred years for the Middle East to be rich in oil, which not only produced great wealth, but also made the West covet it, which brought great troubles to the Middle East’s politics and economy.

It is true that the Middle East is called the "world oil depot". Among the top ten countries in the world in terms of crude oil reserves, five countries are recognized as coming from the Middle East, of which Saudi Arabia accounts for about 20%, ranking first in the world, and Iran, Iraq, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates each account for about 10%.

Two-thirds of the members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) come from the Middle East. The changes in the output and export volume of these countries have a great impact on the world market and oil prices, which can be called the "wind vane" for observing the world oil market.

Any trouble in the major oil producing countries in the Middle East immediately affects the nerves of the world oil market. This can explain why any policy actions taken by the West towards the Middle East will make a huge noise in the oil market, such as the Iraq war, sanctions against Iran, and the turmoil in West Asia and North Africa, which have all triggered violent reactions in the world oil market. (Reporter Yan Xiuyan, editor Jiang Yiqiao, Ma Xiaoyan, Xinhua International Client Report)

One article understands： how do taxpayers issue red-letter electronic invoices？

In order to implement the requirements of the Opinions on Further Deepening the Reform of Tax Collection and Management issued by the Central Office and the State Council, and further promote the electronic reform of invoices, State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China issued the Announcement of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on Promoting the Application of Comprehensive Digital Electronic Invoices (State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China Announcement No.11 in 2024), clarifying that on the basis of the positive results achieved in the previous pilot, comprehensive digital electronic invoices (hereinafter referred to as "digital electronic invoices") will be officially promoted and applied nationwide from December 1, 2024. Today I will take you to understand:How do taxpayers issue electronic invoices in red words?

Taxpayers need to issue red-letter electronic invoices or red-letter paper invoices through the electronic invoice service platform in case of errors in invoicing, sales returns, service suspension, sales discounts, etc., according to the following provisions:

(1) If the drawee fails to confirm the use and entry, the electronic invoice service platform will issue a red-ink electronic invoice in full or in part or a red-ink paper invoice in full or in part based on the red-ink invoice information confirmation form (hereinafter referred to as the confirmation form) after the drawer fills in the red-ink invoice information confirmation form on the electronic invoice service platform. Among them, the Confirmation Sheet should be consistent with the corresponding blue-ink invoice information.

Example: On June 10th, 2024, Company F (the taxpayer who has used the digital invoice) found that there was an error in the contents of a special paper invoice issued to Company G (the taxpayer who has used the digital invoice) on May 31st, 2024, and it was found through the electronic invoice service platform that Company G had not confirmed the use of the obtained invoice and recorded the invoice. After F company contacts G company to retrieve the related invoice, it fills out and uploads the Confirmation Sheet through the electronic invoice service platform. Without confirmation from G company, F company can choose to issue a red-letter electronic invoice or a red-letter paper invoice in full or in part. If the electronic invoice in red characters is selected, the electronic invoice service platform will issue it in full or in part according to the Confirmation Sheet; If the red-ink paper invoice is selected, it will be issued in whole or in part by Company F..

Example: In April, 2024, Company H (the taxpayer who has used digital invoices) provided processing services for Company I (the taxpayer who has not used digital invoices). On April 18th, 2024, Company H has issued a digital invoice with the words "special VAT invoice" for Company I.. On April 20th, the labor service was terminated due to objective reasons. Before that, Company I didn’t confirm the use of the invoice and enter the invoice into the account. Company H filled out the Confirmation Sheet through the electronic invoice service platform without confirmation from Company I, and Company H issued an electronic invoice in full or in part based on the verified information of the Confirmation Sheet.

(2) If the drawee has confirmed the use or entered the account (the check and confirmation for export tax refund is still carried out according to the current regulations), the drawee is a taxpayer who has used digital invoices, and the drawer or the drawee can fill out and submit the Confirmation Sheet on the electronic invoice service platform. After the other party confirms it on the electronic invoice service platform, the drawer will issue a red-letter electronic invoice or a red-letter paper invoice in whole or in part; The drawee is a taxpayer who has not used digital invoices. The drawer fills in and submits the Confirmation Sheet on the electronic invoice service platform or the payee’s comprehensive service platform for value-added tax invoices. After confirmation by the other party, the electronic invoice in red characters or paper invoice in red characters will be issued in full or in part. Among them, the Confirmation Sheet should be consistent with the corresponding blue-ink invoice information.

If the drawee has used the invoice for VAT declaration and deduction, it shall temporarily transfer it from the current input tax amount according to the VAT amount listed in the Confirmation Sheet, and after obtaining the red-ink invoice issued by the drawer, it will be used together with the Confirmation Sheet as the accounting voucher.

Example: In October 2023, Company J (the taxpayer who has used the digital invoice) sold a batch of clothes to Company K (the taxpayer who has used the digital invoice), and a digital invoice with the words "special VAT invoice" has been issued, and Company K has confirmed the use of the obtained invoice. In November 2023, the sales of this batch of clothing were returned.

Case 1: The financial personnel of Company K fill out the Confirmation Sheet through the electronic invoice service platform, select the reason and the corresponding blue-ink invoice information, and enter the amount and tax amount. After the financial personnel of Company J complete the confirmation through the electronic invoice service platform, the financial personnel of Company J will issue a red-letter electronic invoice accordingly.

Case 2: The financial personnel of Company J fill out the Confirmation Sheet through the electronic invoice service platform, select the reason and the corresponding blue-ink invoice information, and enter the amount and tax amount. After the financial personnel of K company complete the confirmation through the electronic invoice service platform, the financial personnel of J company issue the electronic invoice in red words accordingly.

Example: In November, 2023, Company L (the taxpayer who has used the digital electricity invoice) sold a batch of toys to Company M (the taxpayer who has not used the digital electricity invoice), and a digital electricity invoice with the words "special VAT invoice" has been issued, and Company M has confirmed its use. In December, 2023, the toys were sold back.

Case 1: The financial personnel of Company L fill out the Confirmation Sheet through the electronic invoice service platform, select the reason and the corresponding blue-ink invoice information, and enter the amount and tax amount. After the financial personnel of M Company complete the confirmation through the comprehensive service platform of VAT invoice, the financial personnel of L Company will issue a red-letter electronic invoice accordingly.

Case 2: The financial personnel of Company M initiate the Confirmation Sheet through the VAT invoice comprehensive service platform, select the reason and the corresponding blue-ink invoice information, and enter the amount and tax amount. After the financial personnel of Company L complete the confirmation through the electronic invoice service platform, the financial personnel of Company L will issue a red-letter electronic invoice accordingly.

Domestic demand recovery is obviously favorable, and the policy will continue to exert its strength.

　　In the first five months, the total retail sales of social consumer goods reached 13.87 trillion yuan, and the decline narrowed. In May, the sales of heavy and light trucks both reached record highs in the same period. From January to May, the total planned investment of new projects increased by 7.9%… … A series of figures show that China’s domestic demand is accelerating.

　　At present, a series of policies and measures around "six stabilities" and "six guarantees" are gradually taking effect, and the resumption of business and markets in various places is accelerating, especially under the impetus of multiple measures such as expanding domestic demand and promoting investment and consumption, the investment and consumer markets are accelerating. Many experts said that the supply-side structural reform will continue to deepen in the second half of the year, relevant policies and measures will be accelerated, and the huge potential of the domestic demand market will continue to be released, which will further highlight its supporting role for the economy.

　　A number of indicators are improving, releasing the signal of domestic demand recovery.

　　In June, the manufacturing PMI was 50.9%, rising from the previous month and standing in threshold for four consecutive months. The leading indicators released positive signals. Haitong Securities analysts Chen Xing and Ying Jiaxian pointed out in the analysis report that the new order index rose from 50.9% in May to 51.4% in June, rising for two consecutive months and hitting the second highest point in the year, exceeding the level of the same period last year, and the import index also rose from 45.3% in May to 47%, indicating that domestic demand continued to pick up.

　　Investment demand is also picking up. The latest investment data shows that the growth rate of investment in high-tech industries and social fields has turned from negative to positive.

　　Ding Yong, chief statistician of the Investment Department of the National Bureau of Statistics, said that with the steady investment policy taking effect, the investment in new projects continued to show a good trend. The planned total investment of new projects increased by 7.9% from January to May, which was 6.8 percentage points faster than that from January to April. According to relevant indicators, the production and sales of construction machinery products were booming in May, with the output of digging, shoveling and transporting machinery and concrete machinery increasing by 62.1% and 42.2% respectively, and the sales of excavators increasing by 68%. All these indicate that investment is expected to continue to pick up in the future.

　　According to the data released by China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, in May, the sales volume of heavy trucks in China reached 179,000, up 65.6% year-on-year, and the sales volume of light trucks reached 215,000, up 43.4% year-on-year. The sales volume of both types of vehicles reached a new high in the same period. According to industry insiders, like construction machinery products, the sharp jump in sales of commercial vehicles such as trucks is a strong proof that investment is picking up rapidly.

　　Behind a series of good data, structural reforms on the supply side are deepening and a series of policies are gradually becoming effective. The reporter of the Economic Information Daily learned that in the next step, China will issue opinions to support the steady growth, transformation and upgrading of private manufacturing enterprises, study and issue guiding opinions to promote the intelligent transformation of manufacturing industries, carry out pilot demonstrations on the cultivation of advanced manufacturing clusters, and formulate national hydrogen energy industry development strategic plans.

　　In addition, a number of heavy policy arrangements will be implemented, including the addition of two "1 trillion yuan" by the central government, the implementation of larger-scale tax reduction and fee reduction, efforts to stabilize and expand employment by all means, and greater macro-policy efforts to hedge the impact of the epidemic.

　　Promote consumption benefit to show the market and accelerate the replenishment

　　At present, the consumer market shows a trend of accelerating compensation. From the national situation, from January to May, the total retail sales of social consumer goods nationwide reached 13.87 trillion yuan, down 13.5% year-on-year, and the decline rate was 5.5 percentage points narrower than that in the first quarter. It decreased by 2.8% in May, and the cumulative decline for three consecutive months narrowed by 17.7 percentage points. At the local level, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hainan, Henan, Shanghai and other places have achieved a decline in consumption growth.

　　Li Danghui, deputy director of the Consumption Promotion Department of the Ministry of Commerce, pointed out that China’s consumer market has overcome the impact of the epidemic and achieved a monthly recovery. The consumption of basic living goods has continued to grow, upgraded goods are more active, and the retail sales of housing and transportation goods have improved. "This shows that under the normalization of epidemic prevention and control, the people’s demand and pursuit for a better life are still growing, reflecting the great development potential and strong resilience of China’s consumer market."

　　It is worth noting that many departments are still intensively introducing multiple consumption promotion policies to accelerate the release of domestic demand market potential. The reporter learned that in the field of commodity consumption, relevant departments are promoting the construction of new infrastructure and supporting green and intelligent consumption, among which the replacement and recycling of household appliances, automobiles and other bulk commodities will become the focus. In addition, the comprehensive promotion of foreign trade products to domestic sales has also injected new kinetic energy into the consumer market. On June 22nd, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Implementation Opinions on Supporting Export Products to Domestic Sales" to encourage foreign trade enterprises to expand sales channels and promote domestic consumption upgrading.

　　In the field of service consumption, the Ministry of Commerce, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and other departments will continue to promote the orderly resumption of production in catering, shopping malls, culture, tourism, housekeeping and other industries, and adapt to new demands and trends, promote innovation in supply methods, develop new formats and new models, and stimulate market vitality with supply-side reform.

　　Guan Lixin, deputy director of the Institute of Circulation and Consumption of the Ministry of Commerce, said in an interview with the Economic Information Daily that despite the impact of the epidemic, the fundamentals of China’s long-term economic improvement have not changed, and the expectations of residents for a better life have not changed. From the central government to the local government, from the government to enterprises, a series of policies and measures to support commercial enterprises to resume production and promote residents’ consumption have been introduced one after another, which have boosted consumer confidence, enlivened the consumer market, enriched consumer supply and effectively promoted the accelerated release of China’s huge domestic demand market potential.

　　Sustained release of domestic demand potential and prominent economic resilience

　　Looking forward to the second half of the year, the huge potential of the domestic demand market will continue to be released, and its supporting role for the economy will be further highlighted.

　　Taking the export-to-domestic market as an example, Yang Guoliang, deputy director of the Foreign Trade Department of the Ministry of Commerce, pointed out that the accelerated release of domestic market demand has provided a domestic market for export industries such as electronic appliances, light industry, textiles and clothing, and agricultural products. From the perspective of investment, the promotion of new infrastructure, new urbanization and major projects in various places has brought new opportunities to export industries such as machinery and equipment, electrical and mechanical equipment and precision instruments. From the perspective of consumption upgrading, some foreign trade enterprises are shifting from traditional mass production to personalized customization, which can better meet the needs of domestic consumption upgrading. The rapid development of new consumption modes such as online sales and live broadcast with goods has also opened up sales channels for foreign trade enterprises directly facing consumer groups.

　　The analysis points out that the pulling effect of domestic demand market on foreign trade is only a microcosm of China’s economic resilience, and in other fields, this virtuous circle of economic development is also being opened. In Guan Lixin’s view, China is taking meeting domestic demand as the starting point and the end result of development, and making efforts to open up all links of production, distribution, circulation and consumption.

　　Guan Lixin pointed out that it is necessary to start with expanding the scale of consumption and promoting the upgrading of consumption physique, constantly create an effective supply that meets the new demand, introduce more goods and services that meet the needs of domestic consumers, increase investment around the supply-side structural reform, and strengthen the construction of infrastructure such as education, medical care and community services, give full play to the basic role of consumption and the key role of investment, consolidate the foundation of domestic large-scale circulation based on serving people’s livelihood, and form a domestic and international double-cycle pattern led by domestic consumption.

　　Meng Wei, spokesperson of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that in the future, we will vigorously tap the potential of releasing domestic demand, and the next step will focus on adapting, leading and creating new demand with high-quality supply, actively promoting the replacement and recycling of household appliances and automobiles, and accelerating the development and improvement of new consumption formats to take advantage of the trend, giving full play to the role of investment in the central budget, special bonds of local governments and special anti-epidemic bonds, and accelerating the construction of short-board areas.

Anita Yuen’s vacuum battle is rare, sexy, wearing red and dark V-suit as low as navel.

1905 movie network news　On September 16th, Anita Yuen attended the opening ceremony of a jewelry brand store. Liang Liang’s style today is even sexier when she attended the dinner earlier. Dressed in red, Liang Liang’s "middle door is wide open", which is deep V and close to her navel. It is quite sexy and attractive.　

Jing Jing said frankly that jewelry should also be set off by clothes. She thought that this sexy look was actually quite fun today. Since her debut in Miss Hong Kong, she rarely had this kind of dress. She had to prepare measures to prevent exposure in advance, such as adhesive tape, etc. It seems that she has just learned how to prepare for sexy dress. She even asked her good friend Kadhy Chow and thanked her for her help. With such a sexy dress, Jingjing hasn’t told her husband Chilam yet, but she believes that her husband will be praised.　

In addition to the attractive appearance, the jewelry worn by Jing Jing, including necklaces, earrings and bracelets, is also the focus. When asked about her husband, he usually gives valuable jewels like those she wears today. She said that if it is value-preserved, it will definitely be sent, and her husband will treat it as an investment. However, Jing Jing said that she would not deliberately choose some expensive jewelry for her husband to give her. Instead, she would choose simpler styles and choose jewelry that suits her.

Sharp l gives in to the market, Ford SUV positioning needs to be adjusted

In China’s automobile market, L’s fate seems to be facing a big storm. Have you ever wondered why an SUV that once attracted much attention has now suffered from waterloo in sales? Is it a change in the market environment, or is the taste of consumers quietly changing? In this era of information explosion, consumers’ choices are changing rapidly like waves in the ocean. Where is the future? Can it find a new position in the highly competitive market and regain the favor of consumers?

Imagine that the car market used to be like a grand party, and major brands competed to show their charm. Now, with the rise of Ford and the intensified competition of traditional fuel vehicles, Ford L seems to have lost its way in this party. The data shows that the sales volume of Sharp L dropped significantly in 2024, especially in the face of competitors such as Hehe, the market performance of Sharp L was somewhat stretched. Is this the end of sharp L? No, Ford is not going to give up.

In the next article, we will deeply discuss the positioning of Ford Sharp L in the SUV market in China and how it responds to the current challenges. It’s time to unveil this model and see if it can find new vitality in the ever-changing market.

The competition in China SUV market is in full swing, and the demands of consumers are constantly evolving. According to the latest data, the sales volume of Sharp L fluctuated in 2024, especially since the beginning of the year, its market performance was affected by some unfavorable factors. Compared with the same class models, the sales volume of Sharp L did not meet expectations, which made people worry about its future market performance.

First of all, it is very important to know the current situation of China SUV market. In recent years, consumers’ demand for medium-sized SUVs has been rising, especially young consumers, who prefer to choose models with high cost performance and complete functions. Although Sharp L has certain advantages in design and configuration, its price positioning is on the high side, which makes many potential consumers flinch. According to statistics, the starting price of Sharp L will be around 249,800 in 2024, while CR-V of the same level will occupy the market at more attractive prices, which will undoubtedly put pressure on Sharp L.

Next, the market positioning of Sharp L is also worthy of attention. As a heavy SUV of Ford, Sharp L’s target users are mainly young consumers aged 18-35, who pursue fashion, technology and practicality. However, Sharp L’s high price and relatively low cost performance make it have no obvious competitive advantage among young consumers. In the face of market changes, Ford needs to re-evaluate the positioning of Sharp L to better meet the needs of consumers.

The fluctuation of sales volume is not only a matter of price, but also the quality and brand image of products affect consumers’ choices. Recently, Sharp L was recalled due to defects, involving 14,883 vehicles. This incident has undoubtedly had a negative impact on the market image of Sharp L, and the trust of consumers has also declined. Ford attaches great importance to this and has begun to implement the recall plan, and promised to replace the affected vehicles with brand-new brake motors to ensure driving safety. Although this measure can restore the trust of consumers to a certain extent, how to avoid similar incidents in the future will be a challenge that Ford must face.

In the process of coping with market challenges, Ford Sharp L needs to adopt a series of effective strategies. First of all, improving cost performance is the key. Ford can attract more consumers by optimizing configuration and adjustment. In addition, strengthening and applying, accurately positioning target users and enhancing brand influence are also strategies that cannot be ignored. By using social media and platforms, Ford can better connect with young consumers, thus enhancing the brand’s appeal.

Of course, the future of Sharp L is not bright. With the rise of new energy vehicles, the competitive pressure faced by Ford will further increase. The market demand for electric vehicles is increasing day by day, and Ford needs to increase investment in electrification transformation to adapt to the changes in the market. By introducing a more competitive electric SUV, Ford is expected to regain its place in the future market.

Generally speaking, the repositioning of Ford Sharp L in China SUV market is full of challenges, but it also contains opportunities. By adjusting market strategy, improving product quality and strengthening brand promotion, Sharp L is expected to find new vitality in the highly competitive market. In the future, whether Ford can win the trust of more consumers with its deep brand strength and excellent product quality deserves our continuous attention. Tags: SUV, Sharp L, Ford, Market Positioning, Sales Analysis

上海后花园论坛-上海419论坛-夜上海论坛

标签归档上海419网友自荐