According to the website of the Ministry of Education, a few days ago, the Ministry of Education released a new version of "Introduction to Vocational Education" (hereinafter referred to as "Introduction"). The head of the Department of Vocational Education and Adult Education of the Ministry of Education answered the reporter’s questions on relevant issues.
First, please introduce the background of the development of the new edition of Introduction.
A: The professional profile of vocational education is a standard text that introduces the basic professional information and the core elements of personnel training. It is an important part of the national teaching standard system of vocational education. It is of fundamental significance for implementing the fundamental task of cultivating people, standardizing education and teaching in vocational colleges, deepening the reform of education mode and improving the quality of personnel training.
Previously, the professional profiles of secondary vocational schools and higher vocational colleges were compiled according to the revised catalogue of secondary vocational schools in 2010 and the revised catalogue of higher vocational education in 2015 respectively. In 2021, the Ministry of Education issued a new version of the professional catalogue of vocational education, and designed the professional system of secondary vocational schools, higher vocational colleges and higher vocational colleges in an integrated way. By adding, renaming, merging and canceling, the overall adjustment range of majors exceeded 60%. As an extension of updating the professional catalogue, it is urgent to give a comprehensive, systematic and authoritative explanation of the professional connotation in the form of professional introduction according to the new professional catalogue.
Second, please introduce the development process of the new version of Introduction.
A: The research and development work implements the relevant requirements of the newly revised Vocational Education Law, systematically summarizes and absorbs the research results of the professional catalogue, actively plays the role of expert consultants, research institutions, vocational education associations, and all branches of the Committee, and fully mobilizes the participation of experts such as industry enterprises and vocational colleges. It is divided into four stages: First, the work is started, experts are organized to study the template framework of the integration of higher education and higher education, 63 industry working groups are set up, and research and development teams are formed by industry fields and professional categories. The second is to develop the first draft, and more than 11,600 experts from more than 4,600 units participated in drafting the first draft. Third, centralized manuscript unification, 21 working groups of manuscript unification experts grouped and classified the manuscript unification, and held more than 200 online manuscript unification meetings. The fourth is to revise and improve, and solicit opinions from localities, industries, societies and associations, academicians and experts. More than 5,700 opinions and suggestions have been received, studied one by one, fully absorbed, revised and improved repeatedly, and finally drafted.
3. What changes have been made in the style and content of the new edition of Introduction?
A: The new version of Introduction adjusts the professional introduction framework of secondary vocational schools, higher vocational colleges and higher vocational colleges into nine contents: professional code, professional name, basic years of study, career orientation, training target orientation, major professional ability requirements, major professional courses and internship training, examples of professional certificates, and examples of continuing majors. Among them, compared with the original professional profile of secondary vocational schools, five contents have been adjusted and optimized, including career orientation, training objectives, major professional ability requirements, major professional courses and practical training, and examples of professional certificates; Compared with the original professional introduction of higher vocational colleges, the four contents of career orientation, major professional ability requirements, major professional courses and practical training, and examples of professional certificates have been adjusted and optimized.
From the content point of view, the new version of Introduction mainly has the following significant changes: First, the original "employment orientation" is adjusted to "career orientation", and the occupation, post group or technical field corresponding to this major is more clearly defined. Second, the original "professional ability requirements" and "main professional ability requirements" are adjusted to "main professional ability requirements", and the main professional ability requirements analyzed according to typical work tasks are more prominent according to the corresponding professional (post group or technical field) requirements. Thirdly, the original "main contents of professional teaching" and "core courses and practice training" are adjusted to "main professional courses and practice training", including basic professional courses, core professional courses and practice training links. The new version of "Introduction" has a more complete professional curriculum system, which is more instructive for schools to formulate professional talent training programs, and also leaves a reasonable space for school education and teaching reform. Fourth, the original "example of vocational qualification certificate" is adjusted to "example of vocational certificate", which is listed according to vocational qualification certificate and vocational skill grade certificate, which is more in line with the requirements of the newly revised vocational education law and is conducive to promoting the comprehensive education of vocational education.
4. What are the main features of the new edition of Introduction?
A: First, it reflects the overall situation and presents an overview of talent training. The new version of "Introduction" system embodies the framework of talent training system for secondary vocational schools, higher vocational colleges and higher vocational colleges, comprehensively displays the basic information of all levels and types of vocational education, scientifically standardizes the core elements and environmental requirements for the all-round development of high-quality technical and technical talents, provides authoritative guidance for students to apply for vocational colleges and continue their studies, provides basic guidance for colleges to formulate talent training plans, and provides important reference for social employers to select graduates.
The second is to focus on adaptability and optimize the characteristics of vocational education types. The new edition of Introduction deeply matches the needs of new technology and industrial transformation, deeply connects with the scene of professional posts, highlights the cultivation of professional post ability, updates the curriculum system, upgrades the professional connotation, and downplays the color of subject education. At the same time, it pays attention to the cultivation of scientific and cultural knowledge and professional general technical skills, emphasizes the cultivation of scientific spirit and engineering thinking, emphasizes the comprehensive implementation of modern industrial concepts such as quality, safety and green, and strengthens practical teaching links such as internship and training to promote the supply-side reform of technical and technical talents.
Third, pay attention to foresight and improve future professional ability. The new edition of Introduction focuses on the industry reform, benchmarking scientific and technological innovation, optimizing the professional orientation, emphasizing the corresponding digital new professional scenes and new posts in the professional orientation, listing the corresponding professional certificates such as professional qualification certificates and professional skill level certificates, and cultivating students’ future professional abilities such as digital skills and green skills in a forward-looking layout, so as to make vocational education major a "fast variable" that can better adapt to, support and lead the high-quality economic and social development.
The fourth is to play a holistic role and promote the cultivation of integration. The new version of "Introduction" plans the training specifications, ability requirements and curriculum system of different levels of vocational education, and all levels are organically integrated and upgraded step by step. The new version of Introduction also focuses on the concept of vocational and general integration, enumerating the majors at each level in the continuous training of vocational colleges, providing reference for students to choose their majors when they continue their studies, and opening the way for the smooth growth of technical and technical talents.
The fifth is to keep conciseness and show a good image of vocational education. The new version of Introduction is developed according to the needs in the form of listing key points. With a highly concise "thousand-word text", professional ethics, cultural knowledge and technical skills are internalized into professional comprehensive quality and externalized into specific requirements of action ability. The course name and practice content reflect the characteristics of vocational education, which is easy to understand, simple and clear, so that parents can understand, schools can operate and society can understand it, and all sectors of society can fully understand vocational education.
V. How to implement the new version of Introduction?
A: In the next step, our department will organize forces to revise and improve the national teaching standards of vocational education, such as professional teaching, post practice and practical teaching conditions, according to the professional catalogue and brief introduction, and dynamically update them according to the revised People’s Republic of China (PRC) Vocational Classification Ceremony to meet the needs of economic and social development.
All vocational colleges should seriously organize the study and study of professional profiles, revise the training plan of professional talents in light of the actual situation, update the curriculum system, strengthen the education of scientific culture and professional knowledge, organize practical training, and continuously promote the reform of education and teaching. We should continue to promote the publicity and implementation of the national teaching standard system of vocational education through the construction of courses and teaching materials, teacher training, collective preparation of lessons, and the display of typical talent training programs and teaching plans.
关于作者