Zhou Wenshou, a villager in tuanjie village on Erlang Mountain, witnessed the changes of Erlang Mountain in recent 70 years. (He Chuan/photo)
Cctv news(Reporter He Chuan) "Er-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya, ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya …” Erlang Mountain is the first pass of Sichuan-Tibet Highway from Chengdu Plain into the western Sichuan Plateau, and it is also the first stop for reporters to enter the Sichuan-Tibet line for an interview.
Erlang Mountain, once called "the gate of hell" by drivers in the past, took three days to cross it in 1950s, but now it only takes 14 minutes to pass through the expressway tunnel. tuanjie village, located at the west entrance of Erlang Mountain Tunnel, has also changed from "Flying Tiger Village" to a national civilized village.
Outside a small courtyard in tuanjie village on Erlang Mountain, Zhou Wenshou, an old man who is nearly 70 years old, hummed this song, which was famous all over the country in the last century, and opened the door for us to remember.
Erlangshan Panshan Highway. (remake in Sichuan-Tibet Highway Memorial Hall)
Sichuan and Tibet have been open to traffic for thousands of years, and the ancient tea-horse road has become history
"There is Ya ‘an on the other side of Erlang Mountain. According to the old man, in the old society, people carrying tea bags on the other side of Ya ‘an walked over Erlang Mountain and stopped in our village after crossing the mountain." Zhou Wenshou said, "The Panshan Highway in Erlang Mountain was built by the People’s Liberation Army. I was just born in the year when it was opened to traffic. "
The ancient tea-horse road mentioned by Zhou Wenshou originated in the Song Dynasty. It has been extended from Ya ‘an through Luding, Kangding and Tea-Horse Exchange to Lhasa for thousands of years. Chen Zhengxiu, an 82-year-old man from Hanyuan County, Ya ‘an City, remembers the danger of walking the ancient tea-horse road: "Going to Kangding to do business and crossing Erlang Mountain is the most bitter, the road is dangerous and not peaceful. My father, Chen Detai, met a bandit when he was climbing the mountain, and everything was robbed. He died of illness soon after he came back. He was only 37 years old when he died. On this road, there are many people who freeze to death and die of illness. When I was a teenager, I took this road, carrying goods on my back, and it took half a month to make a unilateral trip. What I was most afraid of was illness and bandits. After the road is repaired, there is no need to recite it. "
The staff of the Sichuan-Tibet Highway Memorial Hall in Luding County told the reporter: "In May 1950, in order to get through Erlang Mountain and build the Sichuan-Tibet Highway, tens of thousands of road-building troops, mainly the People’s Liberation Army, entered Erlang Mountain, and with the most primitive road-building tools, at the expense of seven soldiers per kilometer, the Panshan Highway in Erlang Mountain was built, and the song" Singing Erlang Mountain "became famous throughout the country."
In 1953, the 2255-kilometer Sichuan-Tibet line from Ya ‘an to Lhasa was officially opened to traffic, and the natural moat became a thoroughfare, and the ancient tea-horse road completely became history.
This is the first great change in Erlang Mountain.
The motorcade struggled through Erlang Mountain. (remake in Sichuan-Tibet Highway Memorial Hall)
The perennial congestion of Erlang Mountain has become a "ghost gate"
After Erlang Mountain was opened to traffic, the backpackers who walked in the mountains withdrew from the historical stage, and the convoy driving Jiefang brand trucks became a frequent visitor on this road. The Panshan Highway in Erlang Mountain, which was built in 1950s, has become a "ghost gate" for drivers with the increasingly busy traffic. Since 1983, the Erlangshan section has been closed to traffic in one direction. Due to the narrow slopes and steep bends, and the snow and ice weather, congestion has become a nightmare for passing drivers.
"At that time, there was such a limerick on the mountain: ‘ When a car passes through Erlang Mountain, it’s like entering the gate of hell. If it doesn’t roll over, it will be frozen for three days ’ And the driver said that the car passed Erlang Mountain, just like carrying a coffin board. What impressed me the most was sending my daughter to Ya ‘an Business School in the 1970s. There was no shuttle bus in those days, but we took a truck carrying wood, and it took seven days to go back and forth. " Zhou Wenshou said that seeing cars on Erlang Mountain, from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, one after another, I don’t know when it will be the end. At that time, it was very difficult to go out.
The traffic jam has also brought an unexpected change, which has made drivers more afraid of Erlang Mountain. "At that time, our village had a disgraceful past." Zhou Wenshou said shyly that for a while, we didn’t say we were "United people" when we went out.
It turns out that in those days, every household in tuanjie village made a living by planting corn and apples. Many villagers carried apples to the roadside and sold them to drivers passing by to supplement their families. This kind of life is too bitter, and some lazy young men have the wrong idea of relying on mountains to eat: they climb cars, pick up goods and sell stolen goods, turning tuanjie village into a "flying tiger village" and are notorious on the Sichuan-Tibet line. The name of Erlang Mountain, the "gate of hell", has therefore spread further.
Today, Morchella from tuanjie village can be sold to Chengdu on the same day, which takes only 3 hours by car. (He Chuan/photo)
Entering the new era, "Flying Tiger Village" has become a national civilized village.
Zhou Wenshou recalled that the "ghost gate" of Erlang Mountain began to change, probably in 2001, after the opening of the Old Erlang Mountain Tunnel.
In 1995, the Ministry of Communications approved the optimization plan for the construction of Erlangshan Tunnel, and included it in the key construction projects of the National Ninth Five-Year Plan. On May 23rd, 1996, the Erlangshan Tunnel was officially started. Through 8 major faults, dozens of caves, underground rivers, more than 2000 meters of rock burst and large deformation … … In 2001, Erlangshan Highway Tunnel was officially opened to traffic. At that time, it was the longest mountain highway tunnel with the deepest burial, the highest altitude, the largest in-situ stress and extremely complicated geological conditions in China, and the west exit of the tunnel was just near tuanjie village.
Zhou Wenshou said: "I was a village cadre at that time. After the tunnel was opened, the first thing we thought of was to connect the roads in the village. The villagers in tuanjie village went out to work and repaired the roads to the tunnel entrance. ‘ The gate of hell ’ Yes, everyone has seen hope. Since then, there have been more and more people running transportation and going out to work, and the atmosphere in the village has become better and better. "
In 2019, with the opening of the new Erlang Mountain Tunnel and Yakang Expressway, the time required to climb Erlang Mountain changed from nearly three days in the 1950s to 14 minutes. The "gate of hell" has become a thoroughfare, and the "Flying Tiger Village" has long been reborn.
Tuanjie village’s honor wall. (He Chuan/photo)
On the day of the reporter’s interview, more than a dozen villagers were waiting for the boss to buy the morels in the village Committee square, and the fresh morels could be sold for more than 40 yuan a catty. Now, there are 5,000 mu of Morchella bases in tuanjie village, as well as 500 mu of big cherries and 1,000 mu of walnuts. In 2018, the per capita disposable income reached more than 15,000 yuan.
The towering Erlang Mountain is no longer a "ghost gate", and the "Flying Tiger Village" has long since changed and became a national civilized village in 2018. At the end of the interview, Zhou Wenshou said: "I grew up on this mountain and this roadside, and these changes have been experienced by myself. I personally feel that the biggest change is that people who go out and say that they are tuanjie village now feel very proud. "
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