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Are you dizzy after reading this history？ (I)

Text/canteen

Zhang Guo sees the Ming Emperor’s Map.

Division of five dynasties and ten countries

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms refers to the five orthodox Central Plains regimes of Houliang, Houtang, Houjin, Houhan and Houzhou, and the ten separatist regimes of Qianshu, Nanwu, wuyue, Min, Nanhan, Nanping, Machu, Houshu, Nantang and Beihan.

Generally speaking, Luoyang or Kaifeng was the capital of the Five Dynasties, and it was the political power that occupied the Central Plains at that time. It came down in one continuous line and inherited the orthodoxy of the Tang Dynasty. This was the orthodox country at that time and the nominal leader at that time.

The ten countries, except the Northern Han Dynasty, were mostly entrenched in the south, which belonged to the separatist regime and were the people in various regions at that time.

So many regimes and countries are crowded in the Central Plains. This time, what a mess.

It is no exaggeration to say that the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms was one of the most chaotic and divisive periods in ancient China.

And how to sort out these fifteen regimes, not to mention ordinary readers, is not clear to many history lovers.

Xiao Jiu will briefly talk about the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms in chronological order, from south to north.

Generally speaking, the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries are divided by time.

The start time is: 907 AD, that is, the first year of Kaiping (the fourth year of Tang Aidi Tianyou); The end time is: 960 AD, that is, the first year of Jianlong in Song Taizu, that is, from the Tang Dynasty in Zhu Wen to the Song Dynasty in Zhao Kuangyin, the time span is 53 years.

But in fact, this is the time from the beginning to the end of the Five Dynasties, Liang, Tang, Jin, Han and Zhou Dynasties, not the time when the Ten Kingdoms perished.

Among the ten countries, the earliest Qian Shu was founded in the second year of Tang Zhaozong Dashun (891), and the last Northern Han died in the fourth year of Song Taizong Taiping Xingguo (979), which spanned 88 years and spanned the Tang and Song Dynasties.

This is also a way to divide the time of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, which is how the famous historian Fan Wenlan divided it.

Two different division methods, the former takes the five generations as the standard and the latter takes the ten countries as the standard.

And in fact, strictly speaking, the statement of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms is not very accurate.

Because some of these regimes are not really independent countries, but a separatist force, such as Wu Yueguo.

Besides the Ten Kingdoms, there were many independent or semi-independent regimes at that time, and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period was far more than these fifteen regimes.

Ten countries are only the ten most representative and influential countries, which are recognized by the New Five Dynasties History.

The so-called Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, to put it bluntly, is just a conventional saying, which is easy to call. You can call it Five Dynasties and Eleven Kingdoms or Five Dynasties and Twelve Kingdoms if you want.

However, we don’t have to worry about these side issues, and then we will look at how the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms emerged.

Huang Chao Uprising (875-884)

Speaking of the emergence of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, I have to mention one person, Huang Chao, a famous gangster in the late Tang Dynasty!

It is said that since the Tang Dynasty Xuanzong and his daughter-in-law, Yang Guifei, had a love affair, they had hollowed out their bodies, and when the Anshi Rebellion broke out, the prosperous time of the Tang Dynasty was gone forever.

Although there were three so-called Zhongxing events (Tang Xianzong Yuanhe Zhongxing, Tang Wuzong Huichang Zhongxing and Tang Xuanzong Dazhongzhi), it was only to delay the death of the Tang Dynasty, and the only suspense was who would end the life of the Tang Dynasty.

At this time, God chose a top candidate-Huang Chao!

In fact, Huang Chao wanted to be an official in the Tang Dynasty, but he failed in the imperial examinations several times.

Huang Chao got angry and wrote two poems:

The last chrysanthemum
Until September 8th, Qiu Lai, when I bloom, all flowers will be killed.
Blooming chrysanthemums in full bloom, the fragrance of the fragrance of changan, the city is bathed in the fragrant chrysanthemum – Italy, the land is golden like the chrysanthemum – like chrysanthemum.

Title chrysanthemum
The rustling west wind is planted all over the courtyard, and it is difficult to come with cold butterflies.
If I were Qing Di in the next year, I would report it to Peach Blossom.

Two poems have the same meaning, I want to be emperor! In the Monkey King’s words, the emperor took turns to do it and came to my house this year.

It deserved the bad luck of the Tang Dynasty, and Huang Chao really did it!

In June of the second year of Tang Xizong’s reign (875), Huang Chao took part in the Wang Xianzhi Uprising. Three years later, Wang Xianzhi died and Huang Chao became the leader of the rebel army.

In December of the first year of Guangming (880), Huang Chao captured Chang ‘an, fulfilled his promise and became emperor.

Unfortunately, in the end, Huang Chao was defeated. In June of the fourth year of Zhonghe (884), the uprising led by Huang Chao was put out by the Tang Dynasty.

What is terrible is that the Huang Chao Uprising is the most typical peasant mobile operation in the history of China.

The fighting scope of Huang Chao Uprising Army spanned the north and south of the great river, passing through eleven provinces and cities such as Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei and Shaanxi.

Huang Chao uprising situation map

Such a large range of activities, let alone rebellion, even demonstrations, this appearance is too scary.

As a result, the Huang Chao Uprising dealt a fatal blow to the Tang Dynasty politically, militarily and economically, and greatly subverted the ruling order of the Tang Dynasty.

After my defeat, flowers blossomed. After Huang Chao’s death, Li Keyong, An Chongrong and others who suppressed him became the bosses of the separatist party; His Ministry of Qin Zongquan and others continued to die in the Tang Dynasty; In addition, ministries like Zhu Wen surrendered to the Tang Dynasty and slowly accumulated their strength.

Throughout the Tang Dynasty, Li Keyong, Li Maozhen, Yang Xingmi, An Chongrong, Qin Zongquan, Zhu Wen and other places became the world’s buffer regions.

Although the Tang Dynasty put out the Huang Chao Uprising, it was still a chicken feather, leaving only half a breath.

Establishment of pre-Shu

In February of the first year of Wende (888), after Tang Zhaozong succeeded to the throne and became the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, the young man was determined to revive the glory of the Tang Dynasty.

It’s a pity that he is destined to be a unlucky man who is ten thousand times more miserable than Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty.

The stall he took over was terrible. Our local officials like Li Keyong and Li Maozhen bullied him, and eunuchs like Yang Fuguong bullied him in court. He was a puppet emperor.

Tang Zhaozong was unwilling to be a puppet. After Yang Fuguong was finished, he decided to attack the buffer region.

He gritted his teeth and stamped his feet, and formed a Central Army with 100,000 troops.

In December of this year, Tang Zhaozong set out south to crusade against Tian Lingzi and Chen Jingxuan, the separatist provinces in Sichuan.

At the same time, he sent another surrender, Zhu Wen, Li Kuangwei and He Lianduo, to form a coalition to crusade against Li Keyong, who occupied Hedong.

At the beginning of the war, the war on the western front was relatively smooth, but the commander-in-chief Wei Zhaodu was incompetent. During the campaign, Wang Jian, the Yongping army nicknamed the thief tortoise, stole the day and monopolized the military power.

Zhu Wen

The Eastern Front was even worse. Tang Jun won first and then lost. The war was very difficult and deadlocked.

In the second year of Dashun (891), in order to ensure the victory of the Eastern Campaign, Tang Zhaozong ordered to stop the Western Campaign and dispatched the Western Expedition Army to rescue the Eastern Campaign.

However, Wang Jian, who was full of wings, refused to obey, and Wei Zhaodu, the coach of the Western Expedition Army, was afraid of being killed by Wang Jian and went back to the Central Committee to reply to his life.

Wang Jian then sent troops to the border, cutting off the connection between Sichuan and the Tang Dynasty. Since then, Sichuan has become Wang Jian’s territory.

Tang Zhaozong had no choice but to admit the fact that Wang Jian was independent in Sichuan. In fact, Wang Jian started a new stove and established a political power.

In the fourth year of God bless (907), the Tang Dynasty was destroyed by Zhu Wen, and Wang Jian refused to recognize Zhu Wen. In September of this year, he officially proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Shu.

This regime is known as the former Shu-this is the first country of the ten countries!

a host of demons dancing in riotous revelry―rogues of all kinds running wildly

Then look at Tang Zhaozong, the Central Army on the western front can’t come back, and Emperor Tang Zhaozong can only crustily skin of head and fight the battle on the eastern front.

Finally, the Central Army he painstakingly managed was defeated by Li Keyong, and Li Keyong became the final winner.

However, the biggest winner of this World War I was Zhu Wen, and Zhu Wen was Li Keyong’s sworn enemy, who encouraged Tang Zhaozong to attack Li Keyong.

However, in this campaign, Zhu Wen’s own troops did not suffer much damage, and it was basically the Central Army of Tang Zhaozong that acted as cannon fodder.

After the war, Tang Zhaozong lost even his underwear, and Li Keyong was weakened. Only Zhu Wen fishermen benefited, and gradually became the strongest Francisco in the world!

Worse still, after the failure of the East-West Line, Tang Zhaozong’s prestige was swept away, and all the buffer regions didn’t take him seriously, especially Li Maozhen, who bullied him hard.

Tang Zhaozong couldn’t bear it, so he sent troops to attack Li Maozhen. As a result, he was humiliated by Li Maozhen, and Tang Zhaozong was forced to flee from Chang ‘an.

Finally, Li Maozhen’s ally, the secretariat of Iowa, Han Jian, kept him in a dark room for nearly three years.

In the fifth year of Ganning (898), Zhu Wen occupied Luoyang, and Li Maozhen, Han Jian and Li Keyong immediately formed an alliance to release Tang Zhaozong to Chang ‘an.

As a result, once in Chang ‘an, Tang Zhaozong was bullied by eunuchs and closed the little black room.

Tang Zhaozong, as the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, was twice imprisoned under the order. How can such an emperor be called the Lord of the world? The Tang Dynasty actually existed in name only.

So the era of dancing with demons came!

In August of the first year of Jingfu (892), in the second year of Wang Jian’s occupation of Sichuan, Yang Xingmi, who started in Luzhou, occupied Jianghuai after defeating Sun Ru, the Ministry of Qin Zongquan, so he was appointed by Tang Zhaozong as our envoy to Huainan, and Yang Xingmi became the leader of the separatist party.

Two years later (902), Yang Xingmi was granted the title of King of Wu, and actually Yang Xingmi also created a political power, which was called Wu.

This regime is known as Yang Wu and Nan Wu in history-this is the second country of the ten countries.

Divide the south

In October of the second year of Jingfu (893), just the year after Yang Xingmi took control of Huainan, Wang Chao, a separatist regime in Fujian, was appointed as an observer in Fujian by Tang Zhaozong, and Fujian became the territory of the dynasty, and another regime came out.

In the fourth year of Ganning (897), Wang Chao passed to his younger brother Wang Shenzhi.

In the third year of Kaiping in Houliang (909), Zhu Wen made Wang Shenzhi the king of Fujian, and Fujian was formally founded.

This regime is called Fujian-the third of the ten countries.

In the year when Wang Chao took control of Fujian, Qian Liu, a separatist regime in western Zhejiang, was appointed by Tang Zhaozong as the town navy, and he also came up with a political power.

Portrait of Qian Liu

Two years later (902), Qian Liu became the King of Wu.

In the first year of Kaiping in Houliang (907), Qian Liu was named King Wu Yue, and Wu Yue was formally founded.

This regime was called wuyue in history-this is the fourth country in ten countries!

In the third year of Ganning (896), Ma Yin, a separatist regime in Hunan, came up with another regime.

Ma Yin is even more amazing. He is the Ministry of Huang Chao, the Ministry of Qin Zongquan, the Ministry of Sun Ru and the Ministry of Liu Jianfeng.

This is very roundabout. That is to say, there will be a ministry in Huang Chao called Qin Zongquan, a ministry in Qin Zongquan called Sun Ru, a ministry in Sun Ru called Liu Jianfeng, and finally in Ma Yin, and Ma Yin will be the ministry of Liu Jianfeng!

In the first year of Jingfu (892), Sun Ru was killed by Yang Xingmi. After his death, Liu Jianfeng went south to Jiangxi with the defeated troops. Later, the Liu Jianfeng team became bigger and bigger.

In the first year of Ganning (894), Liu Jianfeng led an army into Hunan and defeated the forces of various ministries in Hunan.

In the third year of Ganning (896), Liu Jianfeng was killed by his subordinates, and Ma Yin became the master of this army, gradually unifying Hunan.

In August of this year, Ma Yin was appointed as the secretariat of Tanzhou, sentenced to the military office of Hunan, formally separated from Hunan, and actually became a country of its own.

In the first year of Kaiping, Houliang (907), Zhu Wen named Ma Yin King of Chu, and the State of Chu was formally founded.

This regime is known as Nanchu and Machu in history-this is the fifth country in ten countries!

But that’s not all. Wang Yang, Qian Ma, can build a country, and Liu can also build a country.

In the fifth year of Tang Xizong’s reign (878), the Huang Chao Uprising Army invaded Guangzhou, and Guangzhou Tooth General Liu Qian was ordered to suppress the Huang Chao Uprising, and then he was named as a state secretariat.

In the first year of Ganning (894), Liu Qian died, and Liu Yin, the eldest son, succeeded him as the secretariat of Fengzhou, and then became a local strongman in Lingnan.

In 904, the first year of Emperor Ai Zong Tianyou’s reign in the Tang Dynasty, Liu Yin was appointed as our envoy to Qinghai, and a brand-new regime was established!

In the first year of Houliang Ganhua (911), Liu Yin died of illness, and his brother Liu succeeded him.

In the third year of Zhenming (917), Liu officially proclaimed himself emperor, changing his country name to Dayue, and the next year he changed his country name to Han.

This regime was called Nanhan in history-it was the sixth country in ten countries.

At this point, the south was divided up by these six countries.

Please note that in these six countries, everyone wiped out many forces in their own territory, and it was only after a brutal war that a country was established.

Think for yourself, how many separatist forces there were in the Tang Dynasty.

At that time, whether soldiers or thieves, as long as you can raise an army, you have the opportunity to build a country to play.

This is the status quo at the end of the Tang Dynasty. What is the Great Split? This is called the Great Split!

Southern chaos, right? The north is more chaotic, and then it’s the turn of the north, which is wonderful. Let’s talk next time.

50+ new beauty products are fighting fiercely, where is the ＂new＂？

Judging from the new products, especially skin care products, launched by major brands at the beginning of the year, they focus on the efficacy types of "early C and late A", and there is no lack of the trend of clustering online celebrity concepts and ingredients to homogenize the production capacity.

On the one hand, it is difficult to put the new regulations on record; On the one hand, big-name beauty has opened a new racing competition.

According to the incomplete statistics of the reporter of Cosmetics Finance Online, in 2022, more than 30 brands have launched more than 50 new products, expecting to usher in a "good start".

Among these brands that have launched new products, there are not only international brands such as Estee Lauder, Lancome, Saint Laurent, Frestech and Guerlain, but also well-known domestic brands such as Nature Hall, Proya, Marie Daijia, herborist and Yiyi Herbal Medicine, as well as popular new brands such as Ximuyuan, Winona, Runbaiyan, Kuadi and Yiben.

What kind of "masterpieces" will different brands launch to capture the market? From these new products, what beauty products trends can we see and what pain points can we find?

The average price is close to 600 yuan per bottle.

The essence is still a gold mine.

Among the more than 30 new skin care products incompletely counted by the reporter of Cosmetic Finance Online, the products of "essence" and "essence" are still the focus of new products promoted by major brands, and 12 brands including Estee Lauder, herborist, la roche-posay and innisfree have launched this type of new products.

From the main efficacy, most of these new essences are mainly whitening and repairing, which is the same as the efficacy advocated by the concept of "early C and late A" that exploded in 2021. That is to say, the main products are VC and VA (including A aldehyde, A alcohol and A fat), which can effectively whiten and resist oxidation, and have the effects of anti-aging and repair.

△

In addition, in these new essences, in addition to the necessary components VC and VA and their derivatives, other components are mostly plant extracts, such as orchids, myrtle, Zhenye cherry seeds, Erigeron, sea lilies, Bai Lianhua, mirabilis jalapa, etc., and more attention is paid to green, moisturizing and moisturizing. Obviously, brands want to enter the consumer market in a green, healthy, efficient and safe way.

In terms of price, the average price of the new essence is 585 yuan/bottle. Among them, the prices of foreign brands such as Estee Lauder, Chanel and Ya Dun are close to 1,000 yuan, which is significantly higher than that of domestic brands, about twice as much.

Some insiders pointed out that nowadays, with the increasing demand of consumers for cosmetics, more efficient, more research and development strength, but also more expensive essence quickly occupied the minds of consumers. "For consumers, the higher the efficacy, the more popular it is; For brands, the higher the price, the more objective the profit, so it is not difficult to understand why cosmetics brands get together to launch elite products. "

Star products are upgraded again

"Classic single product" is a strategic consensus.

The continuous upgrading of star items is also a common "innovation" strategy for brands.

Among the new products launched in 2022, Runbaiyan, Estee Lauder, YSL Saint Laurent Beauty Cosmetics, and Book by Book are all upgraded in formula or packaging around star items, so as to meet the needs of consumers and expand the market with newer and more comprehensive values.

On the one hand, in the rapidly changing consumer market, various products emerge one after another, and the life cycle of products is getting shorter and shorter. It is not easy to create an enduring and attractive product. Once the same or similar products appear, the competitiveness of the original products will be greatly weakened. Therefore, we should explore from the aspects of product function, experience and personalization to create a moat of products.

On the other hand, the consumer demand is constantly changing, and products should be adjusted around the consumer demand in time to keep up with the pace of consumers. Even star items should enhance their product value and meet the needs of users so as not to be eliminated by users. In addition, the upgrade of classic items will not only help the brand to consolidate existing consumers, but also enable the brand to touch potential consumers in the promotion of new products and new functions.

"Box Set" is popular again.

Behind it is the change of new channels.

In parallel with the strategy of "big single product", the combination of "water, milk and frost" which prevailed in CS channel ten years ago has returned to the stage, but the beneficiaries of this channel have become Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker and major broadcast rooms.

This year, OLAY, Decker, Infusa, Yilian and other brands launched new products in the form of "water+milk" or "water+milk+cream".

Behind this is the change brought by brand layout new channels and catering to the sinking market.

With the rise of live broadcast e-commerce companies such as Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker, cosmetic box sets have ushered in the second spring on these live broadcast platforms. According to several live broadcast data of Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker’s Talent, the number of sets of boxes sold is considerable.

Take Tik Tok as an example, the series of gift boxes of "Afterglow Danhua", "Snow Flower Show", "Oushiman Pearl White Gift Box", "Polaiya" four-piece set of "Tightening Skin and Tightening Muscle" and "Kanshubo" with high uric acid and moisturizing face are all selling well here. The main groups of consumers are also concentrated in the sinking markets of third-and fourth-tier cities and people aged 25-35.

The core components of sunscreen remain unchanged.

But the formula pays more attention to caring skin and nourishing skin.

In addition to essence and box, sunscreen is a skin care product that consumers focus on in spring. In this year, Nature Hall, Gaozi, Anjesha, and Deke launched new sunscreen products. Although the core components of the four sunscreens have not changed significantly, they all tend to be skin-friendly and nourishing in formula.

With the gradual enhancement of consumers’ awareness of sun protection and more professional functional demands, in recent years, the development of sun protection products has shown some development keywords such as "skin care", "anti-aging" and "multi-effect". Among them, skin-care sunscreen with both sun protection and skin care functions is gradually favored by consumers.

Lipstick comes out quickly.

Silk and water are two selling points.

Even under the influence of the epidemic, many brands said that lipstick sales showed a downward trend, but in 2022, the battle of new cosmetics had to look at "lipstick" first.

Among the 16 new make-up products counted by the reporter of Cosmetics Finance Online (except for the New Year’s limit), "lipstick" is the new keyword, and nearly half of the brands have introduced lipstick, followed by foundation/air cushion/isolation, followed by eyeliner and lipstick.

In the new lipstick, there are many colors and diverse textures, and softness and moisture are two outstanding characteristics respectively.

High-end brands continue to create "spire" makeup;

More expensive price, more skin-nourishing ingredients.

When makeup is becoming a common beauty product for a new generation of consumers, it is more like a skin care product for many consumers, which is different from high-frequency cosmetics such as lipstick. A good makeup product for a make-up brand is just like a good essence for a skin care brand. It is a "spire" product that can occupy consumers’ minds, thus driving the joint purchase of other products.

It is worth noting that among the new foundations launched by major brands this time, Lancome foundation cream costs 1050 yuan/bottle, which exceeds the price of most liquid foundations. "One bottle of powder cream, half bottle of essence", this product combines foundation and essence cream, and is suitable for before liquid foundation, which makes makeup tend to skin care and skin care.

Cold thinking:

When online celebrity’s concepts and components get together,

Is the new product really "new"?

Judging from the new products launched by major brands at the beginning of the year, especially skin care products, they focus on the efficacy types of "early C and late A", and there is no lack of suspicion that online celebrity’s concepts and ingredients are clustered together and the production capacity is homogenized. Is this new product really "new" for consumers?

In today’s diverse skin care market, there is a need for many types of new products. Only by studying consumer demand and producing more diversified products that meet the real needs of consumers can brands gain more voice in the fierce market competition.

Beauty 2023： order reconstruction, change soon

The development trend of 2023 is hidden in these changes.

Author | Xie Kangyu

In 2022, the strongest beauty group is still L ‘Oreal, and the new pattern of domestic beauty is supported by Huaxi Bio, Betani and Polaiya.

In 2022, more than 30 companies got financing, and more than 20 beauty companies went public. At the same time, more than 25 brands were dim and "left", and 210,000+cosmetics companies silently "disappeared";

In 2022, the big consumer funds turned off, and the beauty financing dropped to zero freezing point in November, while the industrial funds were particularly active this year. From international giants to domestic head companies, they all went to VC and invested/acquired more than 40 projects.

In 2022, 20 international giants adjusted key personnel positions, 9 groups reorganized their businesses, 6 national cosmetics brands set up innovative positions, and successively introduced talents such as chief scientists and chief digital officers.

In 2022, nearly 20 new beauty-related regulations were implemented, and e-commerce platforms such as Taobao, JD.COM and Tik Tok also launched eight related platform specifications, which was accompanied by 433 batches of cosmetics entering the unqualified list this year. More than 400,000 cosmetics were cancelled this year and many enterprises were banned;

In the first 11 months of 2022, the total retail sales of cosmetics fell by 3.1%, which underperformed the consumer market, and the growth rate dropped to the lowest level in five years. But the good news is that with the liberalization of epidemic prevention policy, the tourism retail channels have taken the lead in picking up, and the amount of duty-free shopping on Hainan’s outlying islands from December 13 to 10 exceeded 100 million yuan for seven consecutive days …

The change and invariability in 2022 are recorded in a series of figures, which constitute the underlying development context of the beauty industry in 2022 and reveal the new trend of the industry in 2023. In 2022, the rules were changed and reshuffled. In 2023, a new order is about to be formed, and the dawn of the change will drop to.

The top ten international companies are stable, and the domestic pattern has changed greatly.

In 2022, it will be a particularly difficult year for both giants and small and medium-sized players.

In the first three quarters, nearly half of the top ten international beauty cosmetics experienced negative revenue growth. L ‘Oré al, LVMH and Beiersdorf are the few companies whose revenue growth rate is still above 10%.

Among them, L ‘Oré al has the strongest data, ranking first with sales of 197.2 billion yuan and 12% increase, while Unilever and Estee Lauder are still behind it, with growth rates of 6.8% and -3.7%.

Comparing the rankings in 2022 and 2021, we will find that the ranking of the top ten international companies has not changed much, and the top three companies are stable. European and American companies occupy the market, Japanese and Korean companies continue to decline, and Shiseido, the only Japanese company on the list, continues to decline this year.

On the other hand, the list of the top players in China has changed a lot this year. In the past, Yixian e-commerce with the highest topic fell out of the top 5, and Huaxi Bio rose from the sixth to the second. At the same time, we can see that the gap between the second and third place and the first place is further narrowing. Although shanghai jahwa still ranks first in terms of volume, its performance continues to decline, with negative growth in revenue and net profit in the first three quarters, and its market value is also shrinking.

Huaxi Bio, Betani and Polaiya have become the top three companies in the market value of domestic beauty listed companies with high growth, supporting the new pattern of domestic beauty.

It is worth mentioning that many domestic beauty cosmetics have shown strong resilience in this year’s extreme market environment. Huaxi Bio, Betani, Polaiya and Lushang Development (cosmetics business) achieved high growth of 43.43%, 37.05%, 31.53% and 44% respectively in the first three quarters, surpassing a number of international giants in terms of growth. In addition, Huaxi Bio, which ranked second in revenue, made a net profit of 677 million in the previous three quarters, becoming the most profitable beauty company in China this year.

Although the overall size of domestic beauty cosmetics is still far from that of international giants, it has formed an increasingly clear impact on international giants.

According to the incomplete statistics of China Cosmetics, there are more than 20 foreign brands shrinking the domestic market in various forms this year (withdrawing from China, closing flagship stores, closing offline stores, etc.), among which there are many brands owned by international giants, such as Snowberry owned by Procter & Gamble, Chaling owned by LVMV, and The Eastern owned by Estee Lauder, whose common problem is simply that in the crowded beauty market, there is no strong consumer who has to buy. A large number of products with effective reputation, brand mind and more cost-effective have squeezed their living space.

Under the successive defeats of these nameless brands, a series of soul interrogations that international giants can’t avoid are: where will the next increment come from when the penetration of their main brands has peaked and the channels and customer groups have become increasingly stable? After price reduction and price increase are used one after another, what is the next means to ensure growth and profit? How can we continue to maintain a high premium and avoid the price impact of emerging new brands when the big-name aura is gradually disenchanted and alternative products are constantly emerging?

Many of the problems existing in giants are more profound in domestic brands, but similarly, these problems also constitute opportunities for domestic brands.

From OEM+Marketing to Technology+Efficiency

This year, with a number of "overnight success" brands in online celebrity, the competition logic and pattern of the entire domestic beauty market have undergone earth-shaking changes.

In the past, OEM+cost-effective+fast fashion was used in products, and the way of "blood-washing" social media and live e-commerce in marketing and channels began to fail. A large number of domestic beauty cosmetics rose rapidly in the footsteps of perfect diaries, and quickly disappeared in the rapid switch from "domestic beauty cosmetics" to "negative typical".

We will find that in the changes of these two years, the story of "rising overnight" in domestic beauty products is no longer there, and there are more and more stories of "making a fortune in silence". After several rounds of big waves, many companies still remain at the poker table, even some companies that seemed to be "not beautiful enough" before. Some of them have biotechnology backgrounds and some have medical backgrounds, and many companies are marked with distinctive efficacy and ingredients.

"Effective" and genuine technology have become new competition rules in the new stage. In 2022, enhancing R&D competitiveness was put in the most important position by major domestic beauty companies.

In the financial reports of major domestic beauty companies, the proportion of R&D has been increasing, and even some of them have surpassed international giants in terms of investment proportion. Among several head companies, R&D investment accounts for no less than 2% of total revenue, and the highest R&D investment in the first three quarters of Huaxi Bio accounts for 6.42% of total revenue, while the R&D investment in Betani and Polaiya, which have the highest growth, has increased by more than 80%, which also reveals to some extent why the new pattern is made by these three companies.

Another landmark event this year is that domestic enterprises collectively introduced the role of "chief scientist". This year, five companies introduced seven scientific research-related executives. For example, PMPM also introduced Sun Peiwen, Li Jinhua and Liao Feng as chief scientific research officer, chief formula scientist and R&D partner respectively. On the same day, Shuiyang Co., Ltd. and Polaiya hired Chen Jian and Wei Xiaolan as chief scientists and chief scientific officers respectively.

In addition to enhancing scientific research strength, beauty giants have also left the scene to do VC, laying out potential opportunities through industrial investment to build industrial chain barriers. In 2022, domestic and foreign beauty companies participated in about 40 investment acquisitions, the largest of which was Estee Lauder’s acquisition of Tom Ford, and the investment amount was L ‘Oreal, with a total of 5 cases.

Domestic companies have also made frequent moves this year. After setting up their own investment companies in the past two years, they have carried out many industrial layouts respectively. For example, this year, the most action was Shuiyang shares, which acquired two foreign brands, namely Ifidan and PierAuge, and invested in two domestic start-up brands.

Different from pure financial investment, industrial investment initiated by beauty companies is not only for financial benefits, but also for the formation of industrial resource sharing and business expansion. This year, large consumer funds continue to shrink, and the takeover of industrial funds has undoubtedly injected a wave of vitality into the industry.

The underlying rules have changed.

The tide of listing and bankruptcy are two other landmark events in 2022. In 2022, more than 20 beauty companies were listed, including Shangmei Group, Juzi Bio, Fuerjia and other beauty companies, as well as upstream companies in the industrial chain such as Bai Xinglong, Zhongrong and Yaxiang Spice.

On the other hand, more than 210,000 cosmetic enterprises were "deregistered" in the enterprise registration status, and in 2022, the number of registered cosmetics-related enterprises in China also declined for the first time in the past 10 years.

This year is the most serious year for the decline of the beauty market. According to the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics this month, from January to November this year, the total retail sales of cosmetics was 365.2 billion yuan, down 3.1% year-on-year, much higher than the 0.1% decline in the total retail sales of social consumer goods, setting a new low in the past five years. From August to November, the growth rate of the cosmetics industry has declined for four consecutive months.

In fact, this year’s decline is a continuation of the overall decline of the industry since 2020, and this year’s black swan incident is particularly frequent. From the suspension of Shanghai at the beginning of the year to the epidemic, more and more cities have been affected. The suspension of express delivery and factory shutdown has greatly inhibited the forward development of the industry. At the same time, the cost increase brought about by the changes in global monetary policy and the constant consumption power have made the industry even worse.

In 2022, the underlying competition logic of the cosmetics industry has also undergone fundamental changes, which is largely due to changes in regulatory rules. In 2022, it is a crucial year for the implementation of new cosmetics regulations and supporting regulations, and it is also a year for the cosmetics industry to make waves.

Previously, according to China Cosmetics, in the past year, relevant departments issued and implemented nearly 20 related laws and regulations. As a whole, there are several major trends: the supervision is further tightened, the rules and standards are clearer, the punishment is more severe, and all aspects such as raw materials, production, brands and channels have been "legally followed".

From this year’s intensive punishment, we can see that five enterprises have been banned this year, and even two have been banned for life. At the same time, with the implementation of the Measures for the Administration of Cosmetics Registration and Filing, more than 400,000 cosmetics were cleared nationwide.

In addition, the entry threshold of the industry as a whole has been continuously improved. In 2022, higher requirements have been put forward for factories, brands and testing institutions. For example, production quality is no longer a matter for factories, and brands should also take relevant responsibilities.

"Inspection Points and Judgment Principles of Cosmetic Production Quality Management Standards" made it clear that brands should also participate in quality supervision, while "Qualification Certification Conditions for Cosmetic Inspection Institutions (Draft for Comment)" made clear requirements for the organization and management of inspection institutions and the qualifications of employees, and the threshold of cosmetics inspection industry was greatly raised.

In 2023, with the implementation of many new regulations, we can meet that the reshuffle of the industry will continue, a new order will be formed soon, and the whole industry will further develop in a healthy and orderly direction in the "pain" of change.

With the liberalization of epidemic control, the cosmetics industry is likely to usher in the dawn in the new year. In December, as an important business segment of many companies, tourism retail has taken the lead in welcoming good news. According to Haikou Customs data, from December 13th to 19th, the amount of duty-free shopping in Hainan’s outlying islands exceeded 100 million yuan for seven consecutive days, which brought a little warmth to the start of 2023.

Change the disk and wait for the dawn.

Zhang Yimou’s son attended the Parisian Celebrity Ball： he said that he wanted to do the work of cultural and entertainment communication in the future.

　　[Four Chinese celebrities appeared at the top social ball in Paris] The world’s most prestigious top celebrity ball, the 2023 Paris Celebrity Ball, was opened on November 25th, and 21 young girls appeared one by one. This year, many Chinese faces also appeared, including Zhen Jiru, the daughter of action superstar Donnie Yen, Zhao Ruoxi, the daughter of Zhao Yan, the "Queen of Hyaluronic Acid", Huang Tianqing, a banker girl from Hong Kong, and Yao Siya, the granddaughter of the founder of the first contemporary art gallery in Hong Kong. Four young girls dressed in fine clothes made a beautiful appearance. In addition, Zhang Yinan, the son of Zhang Yimou, appeared as a dancing knight.

　　Zhang Yinan, the son of Zhang Yimou, appeared as a dancing knight and danced with American socialite Louise Dub from new york. Chinese jewelry brand V Muse and designer Guo Pei’s evening dresses also showed the design elements with China characteristics at the dance.

　　This dance is not only a social feast, but also a charitable one, aiming at supporting worthy charities. By participating in the dance, these young celebrities have the opportunity to make contributions to society, and at the same time show the charm of oriental culture.

Body like Kobe, play like Kobe! A talented guard averaging 31 points per game, the top five are stable？

Will darryn Peterson be the second Kobe Bryant?

This boy from Ohio is one of the hottest basketball stars in America.

According to the information published by Rivals, a sports website, Peterson has received full scholarships from as many as 26 NCAA universities.

And the latest simulation draft predicts that he has the strength to enter the NBA as the top five pick, or even the top three.

Darling-Peterson was born in 2007. He is only 16 years old and 1.96 meters tall.

As a defender, he has outstanding scoring ability, balanced left and right hands, good at stopping jump shots and training very hard.

Last season, Peterson averaged 31.7 points per game, and with his outstanding personal performance, he was selected for the U.S. U16 national team.

During his participation in the U.S. Championship with the team, he handed in the answer sheet averaging 16.8 points in six games, ranking first in the team.

In terms of efficiency, Peterson’s shooting percentage is as high as 66.7% and 42.9% for three points, and the shooting percentage in all competitions is over 50%.

Former NBA player Sam Mitchell played for the Raptors and witnessed Kobe Bryant’s record night of 81 points.

In an interview before, he said that Peterson had the shadow of young Kobe Bryant.

In addition to their similar body shapes and ways of playing, both of them have an indomitable temperament.

Sam Mitchell revealed that Peterson always stressed that he wanted to be the first.

If he fails, he will get into the gym and practice hard, coming first and leaving last until he succeeds.

The evaluation of Peterson in the scout report is that he may not be the most explosive athlete, but he is definitely a potential scorer.

He is skilled in ball control and speed change, knows how to use fake actions to make defenders lose their balance, and his style of play is sophisticated and cunning.

Without injury, Peterson’s playing style does have the strength to become a star player.

After all, in this era, 3D is popular, and defense and shooting are just Peterson’s strengths.

Brothers, do you like him?

It is not his choice to discuss James, the best player in NBA. Russell reveals the strongest player in NBA.

The Lakers’ D ‘Angelo Russell revealed his choice of the NBA’s best player and made it clear that it wasn’t lebron james. This has aroused widespread concern from fans and the media, and also set off a heated discussion about the best players in the NBA.

D’Angelo Russell is a promising young point guard who plays a key role in the Lakers. His choice caused many people’s surprise. After all, lebron james has always been regarded as one of the best players in the NBA. However, Russell’s view is his personal view, and every player has his own best.

In the past 20 years, lebron james is undoubtedly a superstar in NBA, and his performance and achievements are beyond doubt. He led the team to win several championships with excellent basketball skills and leadership skills, and won numerous awards in personal honor. However, with the passage of time, a new generation of players are constantly emerging, and their strength and potential can not be ignored.

Nikola jokic is one of them, and he has become the core player of the Nuggets with excellent skills and versatility. He has remarkable height and weight and can easily control the game situation on the court. His passing ability, scoring ability and defensive performance are amazing, which makes him one of the most dominant players in NBA today. Russell chose Jokic probably because of his all-around performance on the court and his ability to control the game.

Cancelo has not been reused in Bayern and will return to Manchester City at the end of the season.

Bayern Munich refused to activate the option of turning Cancelo’s loan into a permanent transfer after he failed to get enough time and performance to prove himself..

The Office for National Statistics (ONS) reported that the recovery of output last month was attributed to the return of the top domestic leagues after the World Cup, in addition to the rebound of industries hit by strikes, including education and transportation, as well as entertainment and leisure..

Jurgen Klopp is committed to supplementing the Liverpool midfield this summer, Jude Bellingham is still the primary goal, and his plan will not be changed because of the progress of Harvey Elliott and Stefan Bajcetic..

According to reports, Manchester United paid a six-figure compensation to doncaster Rangers after signing three 14-year-old youth players Zac Watson, Jariyah Shah and Neithan Barbosa..

According to Italian media reports, Inter Milan are interested in signing West Ham’s out-of-favor striker Gianluca Scamacca to replace Edin Dzeko..

Kyle Walker was photographed behaving indecently in a bar in Wilmslow last Sunday. Pep Guardiola said that he regarded the incident as a "private issue" and was working on it internally, confirming that the English full-back would play in this week’s game against Crystal Palace..

It is understood that the Glazer family’s goal is to complete the transaction before the first quarter of this year or the end of April. According to informed sources, this prospect is increasingly slim, and the process of selling the club will continue until the end of the season. It is considered a more realistic time to sell before the transfer window opens in June..

David Sullivan has no intention of selling West Ham United or firing coach David Moyes..

The American club Rochester new york Football Club acquired by Jamie Vardy)2016 has stopped operating..

Moudrek, who signed more than 80 million pounds in January, has been on the bench for a long time recently. Graham Potter said, "I hope he can benefit from the time he has. For him, it is not easy to arrive in the middle of the preseason. It is not easy to come to a new country, a new club, a new league and reach his highest level. We are optimistic about his future, but we need to help him settle down and help him understand what he needs to do to help us. ".

Returning to ＂Shengyutong＂, Shijiazhuang Kung Fu is ready to make up for the Super League.

Reporter Wang Wei reports In recent days, the Shijiazhuang Kung Fu Team, which ranked fourth in last season’s A, is conducting winter training in Guangdong. As a team that replaces the second overall position in the Super League, they are ready. Xu Mi, general manager of the club, said: "The club has submitted all the admission materials to the China Football Association and the China Football Association. The goal of the new season is to go all out to overtake and prepare for the Super League."

Shijiazhuang Kung Fu Club is an early team in winter training in 2023, in which Brazilian foreign aid defender Benicio returned to the team early to prepare for the war with the team. On February 26th, Shijiazhuang Kung Fu played a warm-up match with Hunan Xiangtao. With Zhang Hao’s double goal and Mei Jingxuan’s header, he defeated his opponent 3-0. Recently, the Kung Fu team arrived in Shunde, Guangdong Province for training and held a series of warm-up matches with local teams. On March 5, Shijiazhuang Kung Fu team and Shenzu drew 0-0, and on March 8, Shijiazhuang Kung Fu lost to Meizhou Hakka team 1-5 in Wuhua Hengbei Football Town, Meizhou. On the afternoon of March 11th, Shijiazhuang Kung Fu played a warm-up match with Guangzhou City Team in the sports center of Guangzhou University Town, and finally lost to Guangzhou City Team led by Li Weifeng 1-2.

Xu Tao, general manager of Shijiazhuang Kung Fu Club, said, "The team started its preparations earlier this year. During the whole winter training period, the team trained in the south, with the first stage in Yunnan and the second stage in Guangdong. During our training in Guangdong, we inspected the players who came for trial training. In late March, the team will go to Shanghai, Jiangsu and other places to play friendly matches with Chinese Super League and Chinese A teams, and return to Shijiazhuang in early April. "

Regarding the club’s access situation and the goal of the new season, Xu Tao said: "The club has submitted all the access materials to the China Football Association and the China Football Association. The goal of the new season is to try our best to overtake and prepare for the Super League."

From the current point of view, in the process of entering the Super League in the 2023 season, it is very likely that the Super League team will not be able to continue to fight, and Shijiazhuang Kung Fu, the fourth place in last season, actually ranks second in the Super League, which is likely to be replenished.

Zhang Hui, head coach of Shijiazhuang Kung Fu Team, said that at present, the team is built with the team of Grade A. If we go up again, we should make some efforts in foreign aid. "Our team has been emphasizing team work for so many years. During the winter training this year, everyone is fully prepared. During this time, the team played more games and was tired. After the physical reserve period, the team will improve its skills and tactics."

At present, judging from the team’s foreign aid equipment, Brazilian foreign aid defender Benicio has trained with the team early and played in the warm-up match. In addition, Shijiazhuang Kung Fu has just signed 31-year-old Ecuadorian striker Jose Ayovi, who will wear the No.33 jersey in the new season. Jose Ayovi is 1.88 meters tall and weighs 75 kilograms. He is competent as a winger and a center on the court. He has previously played in leagues in Ecuador, Mexico and Guatemala. Jose Ayovi said that he is very much looking forward to feeling the home atmosphere in Shijiazhuang and will give his best performance to the fans. It is understood that Ayovi has now joined the team, and all the team welcomed him, and he started training in the gym the day after he arrived at the team.

In the 2023 season, League A resumed the home and away game system, and Shijiazhuang Kung Fu decided to host the game in Shijiazhuang Yutong International Sports Center. At present, the China Football Association has completed the relevant inspection and acceptance work. Xu Tao said that while the team strengthens its strength through signing, it hopes to achieve the goal of surpassing success with the help of the atmosphere of "devil’s home" in Shijiazhuang Yutong International Sports Center.

"In 2009, we started from Shijiazhuang (Hebei Elite Football Club) and finally returned to Shijiazhuang after more than ten years of hard work. This year, our home will also be settled in Yutong Stadium. I hope to create a devil’s home atmosphere with Shijiazhuang fans. " Xu Tao said, "We are very excited to return to Shijiazhuang for the home game, and we are also very grateful to Shijiazhuang Municipal Government, Shijiazhuang Sports Bureau and Yutong International Sports Center for their strong support. We will go all out to play this year’s competition and hope to create a good football atmosphere with all walks of life in Shijiazhuang and contribute to local sports development and people’s lives. "

[A little information] Tenghahe, Manchester United’s 0： 7 turned out to be a good thing, and fully introduced Harry.

Originally, people thought that the 0: 7 fiasco would be a blow to Tenghah. I never thought that there was no such thing. Tenghahe is not only energetic, but also obsessed with rebuilding the "Manchester United Dynasty".

On the contrary, due to this fiasco, Manchester United Club will invest huge sums of money to help Tenghahe complete the transformation of Manchester United. Among them, Harry Kane is one of the most important links.

This season, Harry Kane will be empty again. At present, he has only one year left on his contract with Tottenham Hotspur. As Levi, if you continue to cover Harry Kane, you may not get a dime.

So Bayern Munich and Manchester United came to find Levi. From Harry Kane’s point of view, Bayern is of course the best. Because Bayern can win the championship. This season, they may win the Champions League.

Levi, of course, wants Manchester United. Because Bayern has always been stingy. In fact, Manchester United’s real opponent is Paris Saint-Germain. Once Mbappé leaves Greater Paris, they must find a great striker. However, Mbappé may not leave Greater Paris soon.

In addition, Manchester United will permanently transfer to Sabitze for 18 million pounds, and then bring Mount from Chelsea.

Anyway, Tenghahe has made good luck. If we can get Harry Kane, Mount and other experts, it is really not a dream to rebuild the Manchester United dynasty. Rachford and Tenghahe partner, Manchester United’s front line will become very cruel!

Name： Wei Shihao, Yan Dinghao and other three countries joined the three towns in Wuhan; ＂Evergrande Second Team＂ scared the national football team away.

On March 11th, Beijing time, Lu Mi, a well-known football reporter, reported that Wei Shihao, Yan Dinghao and Li Yang basically decided to join the three towns in Wuhan. Lu Mi said that during the long negotiation period, the three towns in Wuhan have shown enough sincerity, stable investment and playing in the AFC Champions League are still quite attractive to international players. In fact, there is another point that everyone knows well, that is, the three towns have money and pay high salaries. Man struggles upwards.

After these three Guangzhou team players joined the Three Towns in Wuhan, there are now eight Guangzhou Evergrande players in the Three Towns in Wuhan, which can be said to be an out-and-out Evergrande II team. Therefore, it is logical that the Three Towns in Wuhan can enter the Guangzhou team and dominate the Super League. In the new season, in this way, there will be 10 international players in the three towns of Wuhan, accounting for half of the national team.

In the new season, there is no suspense about the champion of the Super League, and the three towns set their sights on the AFC Champions League and broke the AFC Champions League record of Guangzhou Evergrande in these two or three years. In addition, in terms of the national team, the performance of the national football team also depends on the three towns of Wuhan. It’s time to put an end to the useless remarks like that. The impact of the 2026 World Cup, the main lineup of the national football team has to rely on three towns in Wuhan.

In addition Earlier, according to media reports, the national football team will play several teaching matches with domestic teams during the training in Haikou, including the three towns in Wuhan on the 10th.

Now, according to media reports, This time, the national football team adjusted its warm-up plan, and the teaching match scheduled for yesterday with Wuhan Sanzhen team was temporarily cancelled due to various considerations. In fact, the fans are well aware that the national football team is afraid of losing to the three towns and losing face. After all, five foreign AIDS are now in the three towns of Wuhan. Coupled with the integrity of the three towns, it will not be merciful to the national football team, so the national football team chose to give up voluntarily.

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