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[Hotspot Tracking] Ethical Issues of ChatGPT (Part One)

With the continuous development of language technology, people begin to worry: how to deal with the ethical issues in language technology so that everyone can really benefit from it? The artificial intelligence company OpenAI recently launched a product called.ChatGPTThe product is the latest attempt of translation and communication technology based on artificial intelligence, which makes it more and more necessary to discuss ethical issues in language technology. The language model has been hotly debated in the translation and localization industry since it came out, and language experts are trying to evaluate its impact on this industry.

This article willChatGPTThis paper discusses the ethical issues and related considerations in the application of. In addition, this paper will also discuss in depthChatGPTThe limitations and advantages in translation and localization involveCultural sensitivity1 andTranslation accuracy and other issues..

(Image source: https://www.tomedes.com/translator-hub/ethics-of-using-chatgpt-in-translation-and-localization)

I. Cultural Sensitivity in Translation and Localization

For a long time, there have been problems in the translation of cultural terms in machine translation, which involve literature and art, historical system, traditional customs, religious beliefs and other related works, as well as social behaviors such as festivals and popular phenomena.ChatGPTIs the latest language model based on artificial intelligence, which has caused a lot of hot discussions since it came out:ChatGPTCan you understand the subtle cultural differences in the text?ChatGPTRunning on neural networks, so people thinkChatGPTA text answer similar to human language is generated.

When the user inputs "ChatGPTDo you have what you need to translate the textCultural sensitivity",ChatGPTThe following answers were generated:

"Like all machine learning models, ChatGPT itself is not culturally sensitive. ChatGPT’s cultural sensitivity is based on the data it has trained. If the training data is diverse and culturally sensitive, ChatGPT can generate appropriate translations. However, if the training data is not culturally sensitive, ChatGPT may follow inaccurate translation or continue people’s stereotypes about other cultures. "

What is impressive is that,ChatGPTHave enough "self-awareness" to claim that,ChatGPTAs an artificial intelligence language model, it needs accurate training to get it.Cultural sensitivity. But it also brings a very difficult problem:ChatGPTRunning an algorithm based on input information may create content and translate text according to the subjective ideas of engineers. In fact, existing studies show that there are sexism and racial prejudice in machine translation, which is attributed to the input of information with sexism and racial prejudice in artificial intelligence model.

(Source: https://www.tomedes.com/translator-hub/goals-for-translators)

One of the proposed solutions to this problem is to inputRich corpus and cultural informationcomeincreaseChatGPTDiversity of training received. However, aboutChatGPTThe data used involves further ethical issues, and how to implement this scheme remains to be discussed. Fair use and copyright issues are at the forefront of this debate. Some people point out that obtaining such data and using it violate intellectual property law.

At present, the best choice is to adoptMachine translation post-translation editing (MTPE)：ChatGPTAfter the translation, the translator edits the machine translation to check its relevance and accuracy. Since post-translation editing of machine translation has been an integral part of the translation and localization industry for decades, it has been put into practice.ChatGPTIt is not a big problem to edit after being integrated into machine translation.

In translation and localization, cultural sensitivity refers to the ability to accurately convey the subtle differences and connotations between different cultures in the text. When language experts translate one language into another, they must have in-depth cultural sensitivity, so as to ensure an accurate understanding of the context in which the text information is located, and prevent translation errors and stereotypes at the cultural level from affecting cross-cultural communication.

to be continued …

Special note: this article is only for learning and communication. If there is any infringement, please contact Xiaobian in the background to delete it.

Barcelona paid a sky-high treatment fee for Messi, a 13-year-old with dwarfism, which was unimaginable in the national football team.

Talent, of course, is Messi’s unparalleled talent, which makes Barcelona make this investment that determines the pattern of world football in the next 20 years. It has made a great football star and Barcelona’s brilliant achievements in recent ten years!

Messi showed great talent from an early age.
Messi was born in Rosario, Argentina in 1987. There are four children in the family. Messi is the third, with two brothers and one sister.

Messi liked to play with the ball when he was just able to walk. At the age of 5, Messi began football training, and the first coach was his father. In the contest with children of the same age, once the skinny Messi controls the ball at his own feet, it is difficult for others to take it away. As for a series of passing off the other owner, it is even more common for Messi. In short, little Messi is the most dazzling star on the football field.

In 1994, at the age of seven, Messi became a member of the youth team of Newell old boys Club, where he received professional football training. Coincidentally, Diego Maradona played in old boys, Newell in 1993-94, where he adjusted his state to prepare for the 1994 World Cup. I wonder if the king of the ball ever noticed that gifted 7-year-old boy? However, after 26 years, Messi showed the old boys No.10 jersey that Diego Maradona once wore to pay tribute to the king.

Messi showed unparalleled football talent during his training at old boys Club. No one can stop him on the court. Messi is considered as a future superstar. But at this moment, Messi’s idol is not Diego Maradona, the king of the ball, but Amar, the "clown" of Riverbed.

Messi’s illness is not intractable, mainly because of money.
Just when little Messi grew up happily, there came a thunderbolt-like news.

At the age of 11, Messi was diagnosed with developmental hormone deficiency, that is, "growth hormone secretion deficiency", commonly known as "dwarfism". This disease directly affects Messi’s height growth. The 11-year-old Messi looks as tall as a child of 7 or 8 years old.

From a medical point of view, the disease is not difficult to treat, and timely injection of growth hormone during the growing period can ensure the normal growth of height. The main problem is that the cost is too high. At that time, the monthly treatment cost was $1,000.

This money is unbearable for Messi’s poor family. Messi’s father later said in an interview:

"Argentina has the best beef and cheese in the world, but they don’t belong to us. Messi grew up eating potatoes and carrots, and went to play football after drinking soup without oil foam, but he knows better than anyone! I will never forget the day when we got the diagnosis result. It was very cold, and we stood in the street. Messi was expressionless and looked unusually calm. I know that Messi knows better than anyone, and the family has no ability to let him treat. "

Although Newell old boys Club is a traditional strong Argentine team, it doesn’t spend a lot of money like those big clubs in Europe. And for an 11-year-old child, they are not willing to take risks and pay huge investment. After all, no one can guarantee that Messi will become a star in the future. Another riverbed club that followed Messi for a long time also gave up after learning the news.

For Messi, this means that he will not only be unable to become a professional player in the future, but even lead a normal life will be more difficult.

The agreement on the napkin locks Messi’s future.
Just as the Messi family was in despair, things turned around.

Messi, after all, has a great talent for football, and he has become famous in Argentina at an early age. In 2000, under the recommendation of famous agent Ming Gauriat, Messi went to Spain for a trial training at Barcelona Club. At this time, at the age of 13, Messi was only 140 cm tall. At that time, it was predicted that Messi might be only 150 cm tall as an adult if he did not receive treatment. However, Messi’s excellent technology and great talent conquered rexach, then the technical director of Barcelona. He thought that little Messi had a bright future and would be a legendary superstar across the ages!

However, the problems faced by Newell old boys Club also plague Barcelona. Is it worthwhile to invest heavily in a boy who is only 13 years old and has a disease?

On December 14th, 2000, rexach and Messi were having dinner in a restaurant. At this time, the old Messi duly told rexach that if Barcelona were unwilling to accept Messi, they would try their luck at Real Madrid.

Rexach was shocked to hear the old Messi say this. In order to keep Messi, rexach asked the waiter for a napkin without the permission of the club and wrote down the famous "napkin contract":

As the technical director of Barcelona, I promise that although there is no agreement at present, once the conditions are met, we promise to sign Messi immediately.

Messi finally stayed, and later the Barcelona Club made a detailed treatment plan for him, and the expenses were naturally borne by the Barcelona Club. Messi also received the best youth training in the world in La Masia. In order to better take care of Messi’s life, Barcelona also arranged a club job for Messi’s father.

It can be said that Barcelona has immeasurable kindness to Messi’s growth!

The most successful deal in rexach has brought Barcelona more than ten years of glory.
Under the care of his father and Barcelona Club, Messi not only developed his skills rapidly, but also gradually caught up with normal people in height. By 2003, the 16-year-old Messi was 168 cm tall.

This is a great height, Diego Maradona, romario, Harvey and other superstars are all of this height!

On October 16th, 2004, 17-year-old Lionel Messi made his debut for Barcelona’s first team in the 82nd minute in the La Liga match against Espanyol, under the watchful eyes of 34,000 rivals in the same city.

A series of subsequent events are very familiar to everyone. Up to now, Messi has made 776 appearances for Barcelona, scored 670 goals and assisted 268 times, and won countless honors for the club, including four Champions League, and Messi himself has also won six golden balls, breaking countless scoring records.

Even if Messi leaves Barcelona this season, he will be the greatest player in the history of the club!

All this comes from rexach, a discerning Bole, who changed Messi and Barcelona Club. Later, rexach was the head coach of Barcelona in 2001 -2002, but his teaching performance was not outstanding. It seems that he is better at being a scout or a youth training coach.

Write it at the end
In 2017, Messi held a grand wedding with antonella, a childhood friend. They had three children together. Now, is the success of career and the happiness of family unimaginable to that skinny boy?

Wang Qinbo： Qataris pay the price of being uneducated.

Paris Saint-Germain’s exit from the Champions League, not only the French media made a comprehensive analysis, but also the European media summarized the Qataris’ investment in Paris for 10 years.

It is worth comparing that, although the history before the arrival of the gold owners was not brilliant enough, the new owners burned a lot of money and never achieved the Champions League goal (both lost the Champions League final), Manchester City invested by the UAE royal family seems to be able to avoid such a negative definition. Paris in Qatar is regarded as a failure and a joke, while Manchester City has gained more recognition. This may be related to the gold content of the Premier League champions, the football style cultivated by Guardiola, and the fact that Manchester City has no astronomical figures to sign superstars … Manchester City’s Champions League failure is usually more summarized as a competitive failure or Guardiola’s personal tragedy.

Some summaries have the smell of Monday morning quarterback. For example, L ‘Equipe mentioned that many members of the Paris first-team privately predicted that the team would be out of the Champions League early in the first half of the season. The criticism here is the new Sports director Campos of the club. The more people play in Paris this season, the less people there are. Only teenagers are left as substitutes in several important positions, so the dressing room points the finger at Campos. But no one raised a deeper question: Is the subtraction operation of Campos originally the idea of Qataris?

Valdano, an Argentine celebrity, mentioned in a column in Portuguese newspaper The Ball that Bayern Munich has a strong competitive culture. They eliminated Paris after losing lewandowski last summer and Neuer after the World Cup. Even the striker used in these two games was Schubo Mottin (Mane has only recently recovered). Kahn also talked about this in an interview with L ‘Equipe before the second leg, and Bayern’s most important thing is the results in the arena.

On the contrary, Paris Saint-Germain ruled by Qataris is unprecedented in their own history, and it is also rare for French teams in the past. The team is secondary, and people pay attention to just a few stars.

In fact, even the authoritative French media such as L ‘Equipe was largely influenced by the emotions of Qatar. Paris Saint-Germain lazily defeated the middle and lower reaches teams in the league, and sometimes played some tricks that were not in line with the sportsmanship, all of which were not fully criticized.

People are more concerned about superstar stories, such as whether Mbappé renewed his contract and whether he played happily. Whether Messi stays at the end of the season; Will Neymar be driven away, and will his nightlife affect his competitive level? Or, the second-class concern is whether the player’s home has been stolen again.

Qataris tried to transplant the Italian club culture in the early stage of their purchase of Paris, but what they transplanted was the worst and most backward side of the Italian club: for example, there was no powerful talent selection department that could use modern scientific and technological means, and everything depended on the mobile phone of the sports manager; For example, it doesn’t matter if the private life of the players becomes a hot news topic (icardi asks for leave to go back to Milan to chase his wife, various parties in Neymar, etc.); Or the competitive topic in the club season was completely overshadowed by the soap operas in which the stars renewed their contracts.

This seems to be a common disease. People without culture, who want to learn from others, often make the worst choice. It is precisely because the overall level of competition in Ligue 1 is too low that the worst choice can be tolerated and magnified by tolerance. The more French champions Paris has won in a variety of relaxed and suspense-free ways (or deliberately created suspense by itself), the more reluctant it will be to get rid of its own shortcomings.

To put it further, Qataris chose France as the first European base for investing in football, not because French football is the most modern and developed, but because French politics is corrupt and easy to handle. Sarkozy called Platini to the Elysee Palace, and Qatar’s bid to host the World Cup immediately took shape. If the money is not secure in Mbappé, please call Macron.

But these are not enough to make Paris Saint-Germain a strong competitive team in the Champions League. Power and money can provide added value to competition, but in the Champions League, which inspires everyone’s sense of honor, the added value provided by power and money is also limited.

At the same time, as local investors, Qataris are also lost in the contradiction between "making everyone cool" or "making themselves cool". At the 2022 FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022, letting Messi wear a black robe to accept the trophy was the ultimate performance of "making yourself feel good", but this decision damaged Messi and world football.

A black robe representing autocratic power covered the most sacred outfit of the historical superstar to win the supreme victory on the field-the blue and white Argentine jersey. Perhaps Qataris can interpret this black robe as "culture", but this precisely reflects their misplacement in understanding the essence of "culture" and understanding culture as an expression of power. Paris Saint-Germain’s absurd failure in the arena is like showing off your wealth and power in a sky-high black robe, but you don’t know that you have been wrapping yourself up.

Bayern beat augsburg 5-3, Cancelo scored, Real Madrid beat Spaniard 3-1 and Manchester City won.

Bayern beat augsburg 5-3. In this game, Bayern’s defense line made some mistakes. It was really a little tired, but Cancelo scored.

Cancelo scored a goal, which was his first goal since he came to Bayern. In fact, the problem he can see now is that for some strong teams, Bayern will not use him, but for the average team, Bayern will use him as a full-back. Driget’s condition is average, and he is a little tired. Except for pawar, who is suspended for the Champions League, the rest of the defenders can only play all the time, but there is good news. That is, Mazravi can come off the bench, and the competition for the right-back of this team is going to be fierce.

Manet’s performance was better than before, and the team still rotated some players. Gnabry’s effect as a center was very general, and Sanet scored a goal. But the team’s defense is really a bunch of problems, losing three goals, not a few.

But because Dortmund drew with his opponent, Bayern at least had a two-point lead in this round. With the return of injury, this team will really get stronger and stronger, but Herafenbech’s defense is really too general.

Real Madrid beat the Spaniard 3-1, and vinicius was awesome.

Vinicius is really good. At the critical moment of the team, he can stand up. When he falls behind, he still relies on vinicius’s counterattack to score goals. Real Madrid’s Benzema didn’t play, probably preparing for the Champions League, and Rodrigo continued to suffer in the center position. Judging from this game, Real Madrid has rested for about a week, and its performance is indeed much more stable than before.

Na Qiao’s assists in this game are very beautiful, and Joan Ameni’s state in the midfield of this team has recovered, which is obviously helpful to the team’s defense. Real Madrid’s performance in this afternoon’s game is really too average, but it seems that this afternoon’s game is a disaster for La Liga players.

Although Manchester City won the game against Crystal Palace, its performance was too ordinary.

Harland scored a penalty and Manchester City won. Judging from the game, Manchester City has the advantage, but it is difficult to score goals. Some shots were almost scored, but this season’s Manchester City shooting really feels worse than before. Now Manchester City needs to see when De Braune finds his form. His form is really bad. Silva’s state is actually average, which is also the biggest problem for Manchester City now.

For Manchester United, winning is a must. After all, it is backward, but how to make Harland play better is also something that needs to be done later. In fact, it is very clear that this team needs to introduce a new midfielder and then a new full-back, so as to complete the reinforcement.

Naples is worried about fan riots and refuses to sell visiting tickets. Frankfurt successfully appeals.

During the first leg match between the two teams, some Naples fans who went to Germany were beaten by the fans of the home team. For safety reasons, Naples decided not to sell visiting tickets to Frankfurt fans. The decision of Naples caused dissatisfaction in Frankfurt and appealed against it. After the appeal was successful, Frankfurt fans could go to Italy and watch the game.

How to take a shower in the bathroom in general, what is the process?

The general process of going to the bathroom to take a proper shower is as follows:

Wash your face

Wash your face first, because when you enter the shower, the hot water will fill the bathroom with steam, which will force the pores of your body to expand, so if you don’t wash your face first, The dirt that accumulates on your face during the day will sneak in and sneak into your pores.

Body wash

After washing your face, you can clean your body. But pay attention to control the water temperature, it is best to be close to the body temperature, that is, about 40 ℃. If the water temperature is too low, the pores of the skin will be tightly closed, and the dirt will not be removed in place. At this time, the body heat cannot be distributed, and after bathing, the limbs will feel weak.

In addition, the bathing time is preferably within 20 minutes, and good ventilation should be ensured, because if the bathing time is too long, it will cause hypoxia and ischemia of the heart and brain.

Shampoo

After washing the body, the hair is fully nourished in the steam, and it is the best time to wash the hair at this time. Finally, rinse your body completely with water.

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