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Machine heart report

Editor: Chen Ping, Devil

The training of deep learning model is like "black box operation", knowing what the input is and what the output is, but the intermediate process is like a black box, which makes researchers spend a lot of time to find out why the model is not working properly. It would be great if there is a visual tool that can help researchers better understand the model behavior.

Recently, Google researchers released a language interpretability tool (LIT), which is an open source platform for visualizing and understanding natural language processing models.

Address: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.05122.pdf.

Project address: https://github.com/PAIR-code/lit.

LIT focuses on the core issues of model behavior, including: Why does the model make such predictions? When is the performance poor? What happens when the input changes are controllable? LIT integrates local interpretation, aggregation analysis and counterfactual generation into a streamlined browser-based interface to realize rapid exploration and error analysis.

This study supports a variety of natural language processing tasks, including exploring the counterfactual of emotional analysis, measuring gender bias in the coreference system, and exploring local behaviors in text generation.

In addition, LIT also supports a variety of models, including classification, seq2seq and structured prediction models. And it is highly extensible and can be extended through declarative and framework-independent API.

For related demo, see the video:

It can be reconfigured for novel workflow, and these components are independent, portable and easy to implement.

User Interface(UI)

LIT is located in a single-page web application, which consists of multiple toolbars and a main part with multiple independent modules. If modules are applicable to the current model and data set, they will be displayed automatically. For example, the module that displays the classification results is only displayed when the model returns MulticlassPreds.

LIT user interface

The layout design of LIT.

function

LIT supports various debugging workflows through a browser-based user interface (UI). Functions include:

Local interpretation: it is carried out through the saliency map, attention map and rich visualization map predicted by the model.

Aggregation analysis: including user-defined metrics, slicing and binning, and visualization of embedded space.

Counterfactual generation: create and evaluate new examples dynamically by manually editing or generating plug-ins for counterfactual reasoning.

Side-by-side mode: Compare two or more models, or one model based on a pair of examples.

Highly extensible: it can be extended to new model types, including classification, regression, span labeling, seq2seq and language modeling.

Frame-independent: compatible with TensorFlow, PyTorch, etc.

Let’s look at several main modules of LIT:

Exploring data sets: Users can interactively explore data sets using different standards across modules (such as data tables and embedded modules), thus rotating, scaling and translating PCA or UMAP projections to explore clusters and global structures.

Compare models: By loading multiple models in the global settings control, LIT can compare them. Then copy the submodule that displays the information of each model to facilitate the comparison between the two models. Other modules (such as embedded module and measurement module) are updated at the same time to display the latest information of all models.

Compare datapoints: switch to the "Compare data points" button in the selection toolbar to make LIT enter the data point comparison mode. In this mode, the main data point is selected as the reference data point, and it will be used as the reference point for comparison in subsequent settings. Reference data points are highlighted in the data table with a blue border.

See: https://github.com/pair-code/lit/blob/main/docs/user _ guide.md for details of other modules.

After reading the above introduction, are you eager to get started and try this cool visualization tool? Let’s take a look at its installation process and examples.

Installation tutorial

Download the software package and configure Python environment. The code is as follows:

git clone https://github.com/PAIR-code/lit.git ~/lit# Set up Python environmentcd ~/ litconda env create -f environment.ymlconda activate lit-nlpconda install cudnn cupti # optional, for GPU supportconda install -c pytorch pytorch # optional, for PyTorch# Build the frontendcd ~/lit/lit_nlp/clientyarn && yarn build

After installing and configuring the environment, you can experience the examples included in the toolkit.

example

1. Example of emotional classification

The code is as follows:

cd ~/litpython -m lit_nlp.examples.quickstart_sst_demo –port=5432

The example of emotion classification is a fine-tuned BERT-tiny model based on Stanford Emotion Tree Library, which can be completed in less than 5 minutes on GPU. After the training is completed, it will start the LIT server on the development set.

2. Language modeling class example

To explore the prediction results of the pre-training model (BERT or GPT-2), run the following code:

cd ~/litpython -m lit_nlp.examples.pretrained_lm_demo –models=bert-base-uncased –port=5432

For more examples, please refer to the directory: /lit_nlp/examples.

In addition, the project also provides a way to add your own models and data. By creating a customized demo.py launcher, users can easily run LIT with their own models, similar to the above sample directory /lit_nlp/examples.

See: https://github.com/pair-code/lit/blob/main/docs/python _ api.md # adding-models-and-data for the complete adding process.

Reference link:

http://www.iibrand.com/news/202008/1719096.html

https://github.com/PAIR-code/lit/blob/main/docs/user_guide.md

https://github.com/PAIR-code/lit/blob/main/docs/python_api.md#adding-models-and-data

https://medium.com/syncedreview/google-introduces-nlp-model-understanding-tool-ab840b456be3

Amazon SageMaker is a fully hosted service that can help developers and data scientists quickly build, train and deploy machine learning models. SageMaker completely eliminates the heavy work of each step in the machine learning process, making it easier to develop high-quality models.

Now, enterprise developers can get 1000 yuan service vouchers for free, easily get started with Amazon SageMaker, and quickly experience five examples of artificial intelligence applications.

? THE END

Please contact Ben WeChat official account for authorization.

Contribute or seek reports: content@jiqizhixin.com.

Original title: "LIT, Google Open Source NLP Model Visualizer, Model Training is no longer a" black box ""

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Justice League

DC and Marvel Comics will finally be "positive" in the mainland market this year.

The release of "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice" in 2016 officially announced the opening of the DC movie universe, and the official also announced that many independent superhero works will be put into shooting. The commercial purpose of accelerating the expansion of the film universe is undoubtedly Marvel Comics, which is in full swing and monopolizes the super-British film market.

Judging from the trend in the past two years, DC released three works of Bat Chao almost at the same frequency as Marvel Comics, but the schedule of the mainland and the works of Marvel Comics released at the same time were staggered for more than a month.

Captain America: Civil War May 6, 2016 & mdash; — Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, March 25th, 2016.

Galaxy Guard 2, May 5, 2017 & mdash; — Wonder Woman, June 2, 2017

Thor: Ragnarok, November 3, 2017 & mdash; — Justice League November 17, 2017

Until today’s simultaneous release in China (hereinafter referred to as "Zhenglian"), the domestic audience finally waited for DC and Marvel Comics to look back.　

As DC’s first "superhero group" work, it is only less than two weeks away from Marvel Comics’s Thor: Ragnarok release. When two topical works meet, it’s hard for the audience not to compare which is better or worse, and fans in Marvel Comics and DC at home and abroad also started fighting on social media early. However, the staff of the two companies hold an inclusive attitude towards such healthy competition.

　James gunn, director of "Silver Guard" series, admits that he actually likes DC’s works very much.

　President Marvel Comics came out to "persuade the fans"

　Goddess Gado said in an interview that she likes Marvel Comics’s works.

　"Super Super" Henry Cavill: The roles of both sides should be respected.

So, as a loyal fan of superhero movies, Xiao Bian advises you: there is no need to compare too much. After all, there is no distinction between high and low justice.

Judging from the style of Bat Chao, every key work of DC must be full of eggs, and it is also painstaking to pave the way for future works and accumulate popularity. After watching the movie at the first time, Xiaobian summed up these small details that you got or didn’t get. From the numerous hints given by the government, we can even see the story trend of the future DC movie universe.

1 "Maybe more than six chairs"

Justice League has a large number.

Although all kinds of materials advertised in the new film are all under the banner of the Big Five, fortunately, our "Super Super" has officially come back in Zhenglian. With the growth of DCEU, as the female Xia said at the end of the story when the master designed the headquarters of Zhenglian, "Maybe there are more than six chairs". Obviously, this line is intentional by the screenwriter, which implies that more new members will join the Justice League in the future. So who will it be?

The Justice League in the cartoon has as many people as The Avengers in Marvel Comics. However, once it is made into a movie, the number of places will be limited, and the film side has no energy to take care of so many super English. Therefore, if you want to come first, it is hoped that these people will join first from the new work.

— — Green Lantern

Green Lantern

After Ryan Reynolds’s success in Marvel Comics’s "Deadpool", DC must be even more upset about the double loss of popularity of the old version of "The Green Lantern" starring him, so he put the shooting plan of "The Green Lantern Corps" on the agenda early. In Zheng Lian, the green light warrior also appeared in the first invasion of the earth by the wild wolf: in the human phalanx that fought back against Parademons’s army, it was the early green light man who used the green ring to fight.

Green Lantern Corps

The difference between the Green Lantern and other superheroes is that the title of "Green Lantern" refers not only to a certain person, but to a group. In the Green Lantern Corps, every soldier wears an energy ring, and the intensity of the energy released depends on the willpower of the soldier himself. It can be said that it is a super weapon without an upper limit. Therefore, with this power, the Green Lantern can naturally rank among the Zhenglian.

— — Shazam

In the ancient war, do you remember the strong man who released lightning with his hands? He is wonder woman’s father Zeus.

Although the Greek gods only appeared in ancient times, some people in the Orthodox League also inherited their abilities, that is, the superhero Shazam, who has exposed that he is about to make a film version.

Comic editionShazam

"Shazam" is the title of wizards who fight evil, which has been handed down from generation to generation. The man who fought in the first invasion of the Wilderness Wolf was probably the earliest wizard in history, that is, the first person to use the name "Shazam". The wizard signed a contract with the gods and was given the powerful magical power of the Greek gods. He can also release magic lightning like Zeus.

According to foreign media rumors, the first Shazam of DC will be played by Zachary Levi (this brother also played Thor: Ragnarok & HELLIP; … )

Zachary Levi

But his old enemy "Black Adam" — — As a wizard with the same magical power as Shazam, this villain will be played by the actor "Boulder" Qiang Sen, who is extremely popular in recent years.

(The picture shows netizens making their own, unofficial)

Next page: Flash’s parents

　　Editor’s Note: The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the general requirements for Party building in the new era, and strategically pointed out the direction of Party building in the new era. What kind of party should we build and how to build it in the new era? The general requirements put forward the purpose, policy, main line, overall layout and objectives of party building in the new era. Qiushi. com plans to launch a special topic to deeply interpret the specific contents of these five aspects and their relationships for you. Let’s look at them together ↓ ↓

　　1. What are the five basic connotations of the general requirements?

　　1. Purpose: To uphold and strengthen the overall leadership of the Party.

　　At the beginning of the general requirements, it is clearly stated that we should "uphold and strengthen the overall leadership of the Party" and point out the purpose and fundamental principles of Party building in the new era. Party leadership is the "anchor needle" to overcome all difficulties and risks, and it must be comprehensive and holistic. Any field, aspect and link that is missing or weakened will weaken the Party’s strength and harm the cause of the Party and the people.

　　2. Guiding principle: Adhere to the Party’s management of the Party and strictly manage the Party in an all-round way.

　　The general requirements specify the guiding principle of Party building, that is, "Insist on the Party’s management of the Party and strictly manage the Party in an all-round way", and that "China’s problems will come from within communist party". If the Party’s management is weak and lax, the Party will inevitably be eliminated by history and its historical mission will not be realized.

　　3. Main line: Strengthen the construction of the Party’s long-term ruling ability, advancement and purity.

　　The general requirements put forward that "strengthening the construction of the Party’s long-term ruling ability, progressiveness and purity is the main line", which profoundly shows that improving the Party’s ruling ability and leadership level and maintaining the Party’s advanced and purity will always be on the road, which will inevitably accompany the whole process of our Party’s ruling and the magnificent journey of Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

　　4. Overall layout: "5+2"

　　The general requirements further clarify the overall layout of party building, emphasizing "comprehensively promoting the party’s political construction, ideological construction, organizational construction, work style construction and discipline construction, and deepening the anti-corruption struggle through the system construction", grasping the key of party building in the new era, and highlighting the leading position of political construction and discipline construction, which is the fundamental strategy for managing the party and governing the party.

　　5. Goal: Five sentences

　　The general requirements set the party’s construction goal in the new era, that is, "to build the party into a Marxist ruling party that is always in the forefront of the times, wholeheartedly supported by the people, brave in self-revolution, able to stand the test of all kinds of storms, and full of vigor and vitality", which embodies the nature, purpose and program of the party and the value orientation, political determination and mission responsibility of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people in the new era.

　　Second, what is the relationship between the five basic connotations of the general requirements?

　　The general requirements constitute a scientific and organic whole of Party building in the new era. The purpose, policy, main line, overall layout and objectives of Party building in the new era are closely related, interactive and mutually promoting.

　　1. Purpose

　　The purpose is the basis and the fundamental point, and the party building should be carried out closely around this purpose, and it should not be separated or deviated at all times.

　　2. Policy

　　The policy is principle and compliance, which leads the party’s construction in the right direction.

　　3. Main line

　　The main line is the outline and the soul. The outline is open and the soul is here.

　　4. Overall layout

　　The overall layout is the key point and the path. When the overall layout is established, the party building will have solid support and a strong grasp.

　　5. Objectives

　　The goal is the direction and the foothold, and all the work of party building should be strengthened towards this goal and tested according to this goal.

On March 24th, the second batch of Cushing COVID-19 vaccine that China assisted the Philippines arrived in Manila, the capital of the Philippines, to help the Philippines accelerate the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination program. Xinhua news agency

On March 30th, the COVID-19 vaccine aided by China government arrived in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia. Xinhua news agency

On April 1st, Cambodia began to vaccinate its citizens with China Kexing COVID-19 vaccine. The picture shows a woman taking the first dose of Kexing COVID-19 vaccine in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Xinhua news agency

In recent days, China COVID-19 vaccine has been delivered to many countries and received warm welcome. China is actively fulfilling its commitment to make the new vaccine a global public product, striving to improve the accessibility and affordability of vaccines in developing countries, providing vaccine assistance to 80 countries and 3 international organizations, and exporting vaccines to more than 40 countries. Foreign governments and people have expressed their gratitude to China, believing that the vaccines provided by China are very important for fighting the epidemic, and China has made irreplaceable contributions to international cooperation in fighting the epidemic.

On the evening of April 2, the first batch of China COVID-19 vaccine purchased by the Mongolian government arrived in Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia. Speaking at the handover ceremony, Mongolian Foreign Minister Battsetseg said that during the severe period of Mongolia’s anti-epidemic, China first provided free assistance to Mongolian vaccines to provide strong support for the vaccination work of key populations in Mongolia. This time, China provided the first batch of China vaccines purchased by Mongolia in a short time, which helped Mongolia to fight the epidemic and restore its economy. Mongolia expressed its heartfelt thanks for this.

On the evening of April 1st, an Argentinean airline chartered plane arrived at the Esseza International Airport in Buenos Aires, and successfully returned the second batch of COVID-19 vaccine developed and produced by China Sinopharm Group. Argentine Health Minister Bisotti greeted him at the airport. Argentine Foreign Minister Sola posted a message on social media thanking the government of China for its assistance in vaccine cooperation between the two countries.

On March 31st, China government assisted Sri Lankan COVID-19 vaccine to arrive at Bandaranaike International Airport in Colombo, Sri Lanka, and Sri Lankan President Gotabaya Rajapaksa led several ministers to meet him at the airport. Gotabaya posted a message on social media that day, thanking the leaders of China and the people of China for giving priority to Sri Lanka in international cooperation to fight the epidemic.

On March 30th, China government assisted Ethiopian COVID-19 vaccine to arrive in its capital Addis Ababa. Ethiopian Health Minister Leah tadesse was greeted at the airport. Tadesse said in his speech that China’s aid to COVID-19’s vaccine is a powerful testimony to the strong relationship between the two countries. She said that the vaccine aided by China will greatly help Ethiopia achieve the goal of vaccination of 20% of the country’s population at an early date.

On March 29th, the COVID-19 vaccine of China Sinopharm Group, which was aided by the China government, arrived in Ramallah. Pakistani Health Minister Mayi Keira said at the handover ceremony that China’s vaccine rushed to Palestine, which provided great support and help for Pakistan to implement COVID-19’s vaccination plan. Pakistan highly appreciates China’s firm commitment to make vaccines a global public product and its selfless help to developing countries such as Palestine with a responsible attitude and practical measures.

The handover ceremony of China’s aid to Nepal’s COVID-19 vaccine was held on March 29th at the Prime Minister’s residence in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal. Nepal’s Prime Minister Ollie expressed his heartfelt thanks to the China government for its generous donation. He said that China’s measures and efforts to fight the COVID-19 epidemic are commendable, and China’s successful experience in fighting the epidemic is worth learning from other countries.

The first batch of COVID-19 vaccine developed by China Kexing Company arrived in El Salvador on March 28th. Health Minister Francisco Arabi said that the arrival of China vaccine brought hope for El Salvador’s fight against epidemic diseases, which will help the local COVID-19 vaccination program, protect local people and help them return to normal life as soon as possible. El Salvador President Buckel expressed his gratitude to China for providing anti-epidemic support on social media the day before.

The first batch of China COVID-19 vaccine purchased by the Uzbek government arrived in Tashkent on March 27th. Uzbek Health Minister Gadzhibayev said that Uzbekistan attaches great importance to developing vaccine cooperation with China. The China COVID-19 vaccine delivered to Uzbekistan will be distributed to more than 3,000 vaccination sites in the country for mass vaccination.

A batch of COVID-19 vaccines provided free of charge by the China government and the China People’s Liberation Army to the transitional government and military of Sudan arrived in Khartoum, the capital of Sudan, on the evening of March 26th. Tabar, a member of Sudan’s Sovereignty Committee and chairman of the Supreme Committee of Health Emergency, said that China helped the Sudan as soon as it overcame difficulties, which showed the friendly relations between the two countries as close as brothers. Sudanese Health Minister Omar said that since the outbreak, China has provided many batches of assistance to the Soviet side and sent medical experts to the Soviet Union to share China’s anti-epidemic experience, and the Soviet side is grateful. Medical and health cooperation has become an indispensable part of the strategic partnership between the two countries. I believe that with the strong support of China, the Soviet side will be able to finally defeat the epidemic.

China’s COVID-19 vaccine arrived in Luanda on March 25th. Angolan Health Minister Lutukuta said that China was the first country to provide vaccine assistance to Angola, and Angola was deeply grateful to China for its selfless help.

A batch of COVID-19 vaccines aided by China arrived at Tunis Carthage International Airport on March 25th. Minister of Health Mehdi said that Tunisia is facing the test of the third round of epidemic, and this batch of vaccine assistance from China is very timely. He emphasized that China’s emergency provision of vaccine assistance at the request of the Turkish side reflects the high level of bilateral relations. Turkey hopes to further strengthen cooperation with China in the field of health and constantly give new meaning to bilateral relations.

The second batch of Cushing COVID-19 vaccine from China arrived in Manila on the morning of March 24th. Philippine Health Minister Francisco Du Kai said that the Philippine side thanked China for its help. The epidemic situation in the Philippines has been tightening recently, and this batch of vaccines came at the right time.

The first batch of COVID-19 vaccine and some epidemic prevention materials aided by China Government arrived in Male late at night on March 24th. Naseem, Minister of Health of Malaysia, thanked the government of China and the people of China for providing vaccine assistance to Malaysia, hoping to strengthen cooperation with China and win the fight against the epidemic as soon as possible. (Reporter Yang Xun)

　　Since the outbreak of the epidemic, some rumors about the epidemic and information without scientific basis have also begun to spread like viruses, and information about health protection is the key area of rumors and rumors. Rumors stop at wise men. To identify the truth of this kind of information, we must believe in science, learn more popular science and learn more.

　　Recently, several pieces of information about COVID-19’s prevention, anti-bacteria and anti-virus have been widely circulated on the Internet. These pieces of information are ambiguous and specious, but they have attracted much attention. So, are these rumors true and have scientific basis?

　　Fear of "chlorine" on disinfectant is alarmist.

　　Recently, it was reported on the Internet that chlorine-containing disinfectants were the most sold in the market during the epidemic, and those with the word "chlorine" in their names were chlorine-containing disinfectants.

　　First of all, it is a fact that the highly effective disinfectant represented by 84 disinfectant is one of the most widely used in disinfection products in this epidemic. However, in the process of epidemic prevention and control, alcohol, peracetic acid and high-purity plant-based bacteriostatic agents are also widely used, and the use in disinfection products is adapted to local conditions.

　　Secondly, too much emphasis on "chlorine" in disinfectants will greatly reduce the effect of information dissemination and even have negative effects. Zhang Zhigang, a senior engineer specially appointed by Inner Mongolia Institute of Biotechnology, told the reporter: "Humans have been disinfecting and sterilizing with toxic chlorine for a long time, which is the toxicity of chlorine, but as long as such products are used correctly, they will basically not cause harm to the human body. For any chemical disinfection products, we must first learn the correct method and master the scientific proportion when using it. Under this premise, there is no need to worry that the chemical components in it will cause harm to the human body. "

　　Misleading people to struggle with words is the main feature of this message. In fact, disinfection products, whose names do not contain the word "chlorine", such as bleaching powder and high-efficiency anti-virus effervescent tablets, are all chlorine-containing disinfectants. As long as they are used correctly, they are basically harmless to the human body without food, drink or contact.

　　"Drinking single fir tea can prevent COVID-19" is a rumor.

　　"Drinking more single fir tea in Zhong Nanshan has a great effect on the prevention and treatment of pneumonia" and "Eating more certain food has a great effect on the prevention and treatment of pneumonia" … …

　　For such rumors that the level of rumors is seriously low, common sense can be broken. First of all, highly respected and rigorous scientists will never make such remarks publicly. Secondly, there is no such institution as the National Health Bureau in China, and the rumors are self-defeating.

　　From a scientific point of view, the single fir tea, like other teas, has a certain health preserving function, but it has nothing to do with preventing and killing Covid-19. Zhang Zhigang said: "Because single fir tea contains tea polyphenols, and tea polyphenols have biological activities such as antioxidation, bacteriostasis and enzyme inhibition, the efficacy of this tea is easy to be infinitely amplified in an extraordinary period."

　　Experts suggest that drinking tea for health preservation is scientific, but no research shows that drinking tea can prevent diseases like COVID-19, and Shan fir tea is no exception. Drinking tea can prevent the growth and spread of pneumonia virus, which is even more nonsense.

　　Abuse of eye drops "antivirus" is counterproductive.

　　"Have you heard? Levofloxacin eye drops can prevent COVID-19 virus and effectively prevent Covid-19 from infecting human body through eyes … …”

　　Recently, many people went to pharmacies to buy levofloxacin eye drops, claiming that this kind of eye drops can prevent Covid-19 from entering the eyes, which triggered a small wave of "eye-catching drugs". In this regard, our reporter connected with Fan Haining, vice president of the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, who is fighting the epidemic in Wuhan. Fan Haining said that "levofloxacin eye drops prevent and treat Covid-19" is indeed a rumor. People should not blindly use antibiotics to prevent or treat Covid-19. He introduced that levofloxacin is a common eye drop, and its main active ingredient is levofloxacin hydrochloride. Levofloxacin hydrochloride, as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent, is widely used in the treatment of urogenital system, skin and soft tissue, digestive system, septicemia, arthritis and other fields, including the treatment of mild to moderate common pneumonia, but it has no effect on COVID-19 virus. Because there is no "specific medicine" for COVID-19 virus so far, and levofloxacin is not included in the "novel coronavirus Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (Trial Seventh Edition)", antibiotics should not be used blindly.

　　"Levofloxacin is an antibiotic, not an antiviral. COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through respiratory tract, and the amount of virus exposed by breathing is more than that of eyes. Although the virus may enter the eyes by rubbing eyes and other actions, it is unlikely to be removed by eye drops. It is not recommended or advocated that people drop any eye drops by themselves for the so-called ‘ Antivirus ’ Because of the long-term abuse of levofloxacin, it will also have side effects and dependence on the cornea, and cause symptoms such as itchy eyes and sensitive irritation. The abuse of levofloxacin by allergic constitution may cause symptoms such as shock, allergy and rash. Injection of levofloxacin hydrochloride will cause a burden on the kidneys and liver. " Fan Haining said.

　　Realgar can not only prevent COVID-19, but also poison itself.

　　Recently, it was reported on the Internet that realgar can prevent COVID-19. As a matter of fact, this chemical can not only kill Covid-19, but also be poisoned if taken in excess.

　　Zhang Zhigang introduced: "Modern medicine does have clinical application to realgar. According to the information we have, realgar has played a certain anti-cancer role in mice. Clinically, it is only used in a limited range such as herpes zoster, chronic bronchitis and pterygium, and it has great damage to human renal function and digestive function, and it also has corrosive effect on human cells, but it has no connection with the treatment of COVID-19."

　　Zhang Zhigang suggested that the scientific name of realgar is arsenic tetrasulfide. If you take it for a long time, arsenic poisoning will occur. However, realgar will undergo an oxidation reaction at a certain temperature, generating highly toxic arsenic trioxide (arsenic). Therefore, in an extraordinary period, after receiving such information, we must scientifically examine and identify it, and we must not follow suit, let alone believe it.

　　Infrared thermometer is harmful to health? Rumors!

　　Recently, a news spread widely on the Internet, claiming that it is best to test the wrist when using an infrared thermometer to detect body temperature. If the infrared thermometer frequently irradiates the eyes, it will damage the retina, which will cause eye diseases such as glass lens opacity and cataract, and serious macular degeneration will occur. If the neck is measured, because it is close to the thyroid gland, improper use will also have adverse effects.

　　So, is the infrared thermometer really harmful to health? "There is no doubt that this is another rumor." Fan Haining said.

　　He introduced that in daily life, infrared devices that humans are exposed to are very common, such as ‘ Small sun ’ Heaters, massagers, electric stoves, and electrical equipment such as induction faucets, hand dryers, wireless mice, and Bluetooth headsets, which are popular in recent years. The working principle of infrared thermometer is to focus the infrared radiation of human body on the detector, and the detector will convert the radiation power into an electrical signal, which will be displayed in the unit of temperature after being compensated for the ambient temperature. The infrared thermometer does not emit infrared rays to the human body, but receives infrared radiation from the human body, and will not cause any harm to the human body.

　　At the same time, Qi Haiyan, deputy chief physician of the Department of Ophthalmology, Shunyi Women and Children Hospital of Beijing Children’s Hospital, also said in an interview with the media that the high intensity of infrared rays can cause certain irritation and damage to the eyes, which can seriously cause cataracts, retinal damage and even blindness. The eye can absorb infrared rays with a wavelength less than 1.5 microns. If the eye is directly irradiated, the liquid in the eye can react by absorbing short-wave infrared rays, causing eye diseases. "However, the infrared thermometer on the market does not emit infrared rays, but emits red light for the convenience of positioning. Its working principle is to measure by receiving the infrared wavelength in the heat emitted by the human body." Yan Haiyan said.

On July 29th, reporter The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) learned from the Shanghai Economic and Information Committee that the Broadband Development Alliance recently released the 12th Report on Broadband Rate in China (the second quarter of 2016). According to the report, the average download rate in Shanghai has exceeded 13M, reaching 13.21 Mbit/s, ranking first in China.

From the regional perspective, as of the second quarter of 2016, the average download rate of 16 provincial administrative regions in China exceeded 10Mbit/s, accounting for more than half of all provincial administrative regions in China. Shanghai, Beijing, Chengdu, Nanjing and Tianjin rank in the top five in the broadband speed rankings of municipalities and provincial capitals. With the broadband network speed across the country "breaking" 10Mbit/s in succession, it can be said that the broadband network speed in China has ushered in the "10M era".

Since the General Office of the State Council issued the Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of High-speed Broadband Network and Promoting the Speed-up and Fee Reduction in 2015, the relevant state authorities have vigorously promoted the speed-up and fee reduction of broadband, and the broadband network in China has ushered in a new round of high-speed development, and the broadband network speed has been continuously and rapidly improved.

According to the data monitored by the Broadband Development Alliance, in 2015, the broadband network speed in China nearly doubled. In the second quarter of 2016, the broadband download rate in China increased by more than 25% compared with the end of 2015. The first screen presentation time of users’ web browsing decreased by 42% compared with the end of 2015, and the video download rate increased by 18.5%.

According to the Shanghai Economic and Information Committee, up to now, the number of free online places for Shanghai residents has exceeded 1,000 for the first time, with a total of 1,063. According to the latest news from the Shanghai Economic and Information Committee, the i-Shanghai platform in this city has been continuously expanded, and a number of free Internet access places for public services have recently been added.

1. What is the "Eye of God"

BYD’s "Eye of God" is its high-level intelligent driving assistance system, which represents BYD’s top technical level and innovative achievements in the field of intelligent driving, aiming at providing drivers with a safer, more convenient and comfortable driving experience, making driving easier and more enjoyable, and also laying a solid foundation for the future development of autonomous driving.

This system integrates many advanced technologies, and one of its core technologies is NOA(No Map Needed Autopilot) technology, which breaks through the dependence of traditional automatic driving on high-precision maps, senses the surrounding environment information in real time through various sensors carried by the vehicle itself, and uses advanced algorithms to process and analyze the data, so as to accurately judge the road conditions and driving scenes and realize intelligent driving decisions under complex road conditions.

The end-to-end large model architecture is also the key technical support of "Eye of the Gods". This architecture can efficiently process a large number of perceptual data, imitate human driving thinking and decision-making mode, quickly and accurately plan the driving path, predict the behavior of other road users, and then make reasonable driving actions such as overtaking, avoiding and turning, which greatly improves the intelligence and adaptability of the intelligent driving system.

Multi-sensor fusion sensing technology ensures that the system can obtain the information around the vehicle in all directions and with high precision. "Eye of God" is equipped with a variety of sensors, such as ultra-long-range high-precision lidar, high-definition camera, millimeter-wave radar, etc. These sensors have their own advantages. Lidar can accurately measure the distance and contour, camera provides rich visual image information, and millimeter-wave radar has good stability and reliability in bad weather conditions. By deeply fusing the data of these sensors, the system realizes 360-degree perception of the surrounding environment of vehicles without dead angle, and can accurately identify roads, traffic signs, vehicles, pedestrians and obstacles in bright day, night with low visibility or bad weather, providing a solid data foundation for intelligent driving decision-making and making the driving process safer and more reliable.

Second, excellent computing ability

Computational ability is one of the cores of intelligent driving system, and BYD’s Eye of God system also performs well in this respect. Many models are equipped with NVIDIA Orin X chip, which provides strong computational support for the efficient operation of the system.

For example, Wangwang U8 is equipped with dual NVIDIA Orin X chips, with a computing power of 508 TOPS (508 trillion operations per second), which can quickly process massive data from various sensors and ensure that the system can make accurate decisions quickly under complex road conditions. Whether it is vehicle identification and car following in high-speed driving, or terrain analysis and path planning in off-road scenes, powerful computing power can ensure the smooth operation and timely response of the system.

Most models are equipped with a single NVIDIA Orin X chip with a computing power of 254 TOPS, which can also meet the intelligent driving needs in urban roads and high-speed driving. In urban roads, faced with frequent traffic lights, complex intersections and changeable pedestrians and vehicles, the system can rely on powerful computing power to quickly analyze and process sensor data, accurately judge traffic conditions, realize intelligent start-stop, automatic car following, lane keeping and other functions, and make driving easier and safer.

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