分类归档 sangna

On May 15th, 2021, the Tianwen-1 lander landed in the southern part of the Utopia Plain of Mars. "Steady!" Jiang Mingjing, who stood in front of the TV, saw the news and stood up from his chair excitedly, holding his fist and cheering.

This report three months ago gave the reporter the idea of interviewing Professor Jiang Mingjing from the School of Architecture and Engineering of Tianjin University. During these three months, the reporter contacted him many times. As a result, Professor Jiang was either on a business trip or on his way. The background of several calls was the voice of the plane broadcast urging him to turn off his mobile phone. Professor Jiang’s busyness made reporters both surprised and helpless, and even had the idea of giving up the interview. Finally, these days, Professor Jiang returned to Tianjin to tutor graduate students, and the reporter seized this "hard-won" opportunity.

According to the report, in order to make Tianwen-1 land smoothly, Jiang Mingjing and his team spent two years simulating the construction of a Mars surface in Huailai County, Hebei Province. Mars, which is tens of millions of kilometers away from the earth, is an unknown field that needs to be explored urgently. It sounds impossible to "move" it to the earth, but Jiang Mingjing succeeded.

"My major is studying’ soil’, and all kinds of’ difficult soil’, such as Mars’ soil, are actually only a small part of my research content." Jiang Mingjing, a native of Jiangsu Province, speaks an authentic "soft language of Wu Nong". It never occurred to him that the tenderness and delicacy of the water towns in the south of the Yangtze River cultivated such a "hard-core" professor who was willing to deal with clods and stones.

"I studied undergraduate in 1982 and have been engaged in geotechnical research for more than 30 years." Looking at Jiang Mingjing’s resume alone, there are nearly one page: Professor, Doctoral Supervisor, Department of Civil Engineering, School of Architecture and Engineering, Tianjin University; bachelor’s degree and master’s degree in engineering from Hohai University in 1986 and 1993, and doctor’s degree in engineering from nanjing hydraulic research institute in 1996. In 1998, he was a special researcher at Osaka Institute of Soil Testing (now Japan Institute of Regional Site Environment); in 1998-2000, he was a special researcher at Kyoto University in Japan; in 2000-2003, he was a postdoctoral fellow at Lavalle University; in 2003-2004, he was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Nottingham in the United Kingdom; in 2004-2006, he was a professor at Tongji University School of Civil Engineering. Since 2018, he has been a professor and vice president of the School of Civil Engineering of Tianjin University. Since 2010, he has served as the vice chairman of TC105 Committee of the International Association of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (reelected), won the National Natural Science Outstanding Youth Fund in 2009, and was selected into the National Million Talents Project in 2014. The 22nd Huang Wenxi Lecturer, a highly cited scholar in China published by Elsevier (2019 and 2020), and a top 2% scientist in the world published by Stanford University (2020). Experts from the Advisory Committee of the Ministry of Industry and Materials of the National Natural Science Foundation, experts from the Water Conservancy Association, experts from the National Natural Science Award, and young and middle-aged experts who have made outstanding contributions to the country.Enjoy the special post of the State Council government …

There is no need to say anything about the difficulty and gold content of a doctor more than 30 years ago. "At that time, the scientific research conditions were really bad, but the overall academic atmosphere was very positive. Everyone was engaged in research and everything was for scientific research." Jiang Mingjing said that he was lucky to meet a group of good teachers, which not only pointed out the direction for him, but also paved the way for his future scientific research. "When I was studying for a master’s degree, my teacher applied for an exam-free PhD and advanced placement for me, which was unprecedented. At that time, it was the only one in our school." During Jiang Mingjing’s Ph.D. study, the personal research funds totaled only 6,000 yuan in three years. "Although the price was low at that time, it was still far from enough. The teacher took out his funds from the National Natural Science Foundation and made a special application for me. A total of 45,000 yuan was spent on my research projects."

Shoulder the heavy responsibility and live up to expectations. It used to be a worldwide problem to simulate large voids in structural soil. Through analysis, Jiang Mingjing thinks that adding ice particles into soil materials at low temperature can artificially form large voids, and finally the structural soil can be artificially prepared. For this reason, he made a detailed experimental design, which was quickly recognized by the teacher. Although the idea is good, where can we find such a low temperature environment? Until Jiang Mingjing saw the cold storage in the school canteen. "I told the teacher that I have found a way to do the experiment, but I have to trouble you to say hello to the school logistics department."

I heard that Dr. Jiang was going to do the experiment, and the logistics readily "gave the green light". Nanjing in midsummer is as hot as fire, just like Jiang Mingjing’s mood of looking forward to the experiment. "In order to do a good job in the experiment, we made all kinds of preparations as comprehensively as possible, such as equipment, cotton trousers, cotton-padded jacket … that day, we were all very excited, but we were dumbfounded as soon as we entered." The young student was ready for the experiment, but forgot to be mentally prepared-the cold storage belongs to the canteen, and all kinds of "animals" are completely frozen inside. "It’s funny to think of it now, but at that time, several classmates and I were scared to have nightmares at night."

The cold storage experiment was successful, and Jiang Mingjing pursued the victory. "As long as I am engaged in scientific research, I will always be full of combat effectiveness." In order to get the data as soon as possible, he kept his hands on the experimental equipment. The air compressor was used in the experiment, which was very loud, especially in the dead of night. "I am used to it myself, that is, I suffered the residents nearby. At first, some people reported to the director. Later, when everyone knew that they were doing the experiment, they all expressed their support and understanding. I am very moved by it in retrospect."

Thick accumulation can make thin hair. Jiang Mingjing’s research achievements have attracted wide attention in the world. He has not yet graduated from a doctor, and many world-renowned universities have sent him warm invitations. At the beginning of 1998, he went abroad and worked as a postdoctoral researcher in Osaka Soil Experimental Institute, Kyoto University, Lavalle University, Manchester University and Nottingham University. In 2006, with the belief of serving the motherland, he resolutely returned to Tongji University to teach.

During the interview, the reporter always had a feeling that scientific research was not a career for Jiang Mingjing, but a belief, a belief engraved in his bones and willing to follow him all his life. Like, love, obsession … These are not enough to describe his persistence in scientific research. "When I first returned to China, the salary I got a month was only 1,500 yuan, and the rent was 1,850 yuan. For a long time, I was supplemented by my previous savings."

The firm belief has brought Jiang Mingjing to this day step by step, and time has proved it best. In recent years, with the continuous strengthening of China’s comprehensive strength, the scientific and technological strength is also making rapid progress. Aerospace, deep-sea exploration … These sophisticated fields have left more and more China and China footprints. During this period, Jiang Mingjing and his team also undertook project research in many related fields. "In addition to the Martian soil just mentioned, the deep-sea soil is also the focus of our research in recent years. Recently, we are preparing to carry out exploration, development and environmental protection of combustible ice and other resources in Hainan. "

Adhere to the problem-oriented and face the major needs of the country. As an expert and scholar in the field, Jiang Mingjing is well aware of our current shortcomings and weaknesses. "Some key technologies, important equipment, new energy technologies and other fields that are related to the urgent needs and long-term needs of the country must be in our own hands, so we must speed up the pace and work hard in this direction."

From Jiang Mingjing’s words, the reporter can strongly feel his urgent and expectant mood. From a grain of sand to a piece of soil, from a mountain to a star, Jiang Mingjing has always closely linked scientific research with actual needs. Knowing the heavy responsibilities, but having the courage not to be afraid of failure; I also know that the road is far, and I still have the enthusiasm to concentrate on research.

At the end of the interview, the reporter asked Professor Jiang if he expected to visit space in the future. The professor smiled and said, "Of course! Space travel has been realized, which is not far from us. " Only after the hardships of being down-to-earth can we have the courage to look up at the stars. Similarly, we also expect Professor Jiang Mingjing to lead us to see a higher and further world with his scientific research achievements.

Reporter: Can you briefly introduce your research field?

Jiang Mingjing: My research field is soil mechanics, which is an applied discipline to study the stress-strain or stress-strain-time relationship and strength of soil under the action of force. It is a branch of engineering mechanics. The research object of soil mechanics is soil and soil closely related to human activities, including artificial soil and natural soil, and groundwater closely related to the mechanical properties of soil. Soil mechanics is widely used in the design of foundations, retaining walls, geotechnical structures and dams, and is an important branch of engineering disciplines such as civil engineering, geotechnical engineering, engineering geology and energy engineering.

The development of soil mechanics should be initiated by Coulomb, which can be roughly divided into three historical stages: germination period (1773-1923), classical period (1923-1963) and modern soil mechanics (1963-present). Modern soil mechanics is a system based on macroscopic test results, continuum mechanics method and macroscopic constitutive theory of soil, and numerical analysis methods such as finite element and finite difference are used as tools, which plays an important role in geotechnical engineering practice.

At present, with the continuous expansion of geotechnical engineering in space, especially the promotion of deep, deep-sea and deep-space engineering ("three-deep engineering"), researchers and engineers need to face more complex environmental conditions (high geostress, high/low temperature, high water pressure, high vacuum, low gravity, strengthening chemical action, etc.) and difficult geotechnical materials, such as structural soil (temperature, pressure and force coupling, T-

Reporter: After successfully completing the Mars exploration project, what is your current research focus?

Jiang Mingjing: Recently, I am mainly engaged in deep-sea engineering projects. With the rapid development of China’s coastal economy, the proposal of the "Belt and Road Initiative" and the promulgation of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" for the development of the national marine economy, offshore engineering projects such as offshore wind power, cross-sea bridges, submarine tunnels, offshore oil drilling platforms, seawater power generation, submarine pipeline laying, land reclamation and marine nuclear energy are constantly increasing, and offshore engineering projects are constantly growing and enriching. Ocean engineering has changed from traditional engineering projects to new engineering projects, and gradually developed from offshore and shallow sea to far sea and deep sea. The scale of the projects is also expanding, which puts forward higher requirements for the sensitivity, safety and durability of ocean engineering. A series of marine resources development is accompanied by many engineering and technical problems that need to be solved urgently, such as the safety of mining platforms and submarine optical cables, and the early warning and mitigation of natural disasters such as submarine earthquakes and seabed landslides are also the core issues of global concern.

Taking the exploitation of deep-sea natural gas hydrate resources as an example, the decomposition of hydrate will inevitably lead to the deterioration of the mechanical properties of the seabed, and improper exploitation methods may induce large-scale disasters (such as landslides) or the collapse of pile foundation platforms. How to choose a safe mining mode and area to reduce the impact of mining activities on the marine environment has become the primary problem in the actual hydrate mining process. It is very difficult to conduct on-the-spot investigation and research on the seabed, and it is expensive to simulate the deep-sea environment by laboratory tests. Therefore, we need to strengthen scientific research and comprehensively analyze the promotion of marine engineering to ensure its safety and feasibility.

Reporter: After listening to your introduction, we probably know the practical application of soil mechanics. What are your professional opinions on the future development opportunities in this field?

Jiang Mingjing: A new key field of soil mechanics has emerged-macro-micro soil mechanics. In the past 40 years, macro-micro soil mechanics has experienced germination, embryonic form and growth period, so it can be said that it is now welcoming the stage of accelerated development. I think the development opportunities of macro and micro soil mechanics in the future mainly include the following four aspects.

The first is to establish an efficient calculation method suitable for various geotechnical engineering problems. The research in this field may involve the physical and mechanical mechanism on the molecular or nanometer scale, and it also needs efficient coupling calculation methods. Because hundreds of millions or even trillions of particles need to be calculated, this will require high computing power. With the rapid development of computer technology, this contradiction will gradually weaken.

Secondly, according to the real working environment, the model of the difficult rock and soil mass of the "Three Deep Projects" and the relationship between the structural evolution and the macro-characteristics are established. The research in this field not only needs the micro-and micro-scale experimental technology to simulate extreme environments such as high/low temperature, high water pressure, high vacuum and chemistry, but also needs to solve the contradiction between the scale effect of representative units and the limitation of experimental testing accuracy, and also needs to develop the extraction, processing and analysis technology of micro-and micro-structural information in three-dimensional soil. However, with the development of multifunctional, high-precision and large-range X-ray CT, these problems are expected to be solved step by step.

The third is to establish a practical theoretical model, and solve all kinds of complex and difficult core problems in geotechnical mechanics and engineering of "three deep projects" to help improve the engineering design level. In different geotechnical engineering problems, the stress path experienced by soil is different, so it is difficult to accurately obtain the stress path and mechanical properties of undisturbed soil in the field by current geotechnical testing technology. Therefore, it is a research idea to establish a practical constitutive model by using appropriate methods for simulation and corresponding indoor experimental research.

Fourth, the four branches of macro-micro soil mechanics and modern soil mechanics and the cross-development of other disciplines. Macro-micro soil mechanics can not only cross theoretical soil mechanics, computational soil mechanics, experimental soil mechanics and applied soil mechanics in this discipline, but also cross other disciplines, such as rock mechanics and near-field dynamics in mechanics disciplines. This will not only contribute to the self-development of macro-micro soil mechanics, improve modern soil mechanics, but also promote the rapid development of other disciplines.

In a word, macro-micro soil mechanics has become one of the most dynamic research directions, and its accelerated development period is coming soon. To this end, we need the participation of many young scholars with solid foundation and prime of life, as well as the care and support of senior researchers who have been fighting in the front line of scientific research for a long time and have a deep understanding of difficult and key problems in geotechnical engineering.

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(Editor Liu Xiaoyan Han Jingfeng)

　　"Yellow croaker wants it?"

　　"What’s the price?"

　　"There are three big 120 yuan and one extra-large 80 yuan."

　　On the afternoon of May 6th, at the export commodities fair in the B2 central hall of the global port in Putuo District, Shanghai, an old couple who were just about to go to the "Pearl of the Sea" cinema upstairs passed by and didn’t miss it. They directly paid for three large yellow croakers, and told the boss that they hoped to keep them for them, and they would come back after watching the movie at six o’clock in the afternoon.

　　"No problem, we will give you a good ticket. I will pick it up by ticket later. " Yao Mei, general manager of Shanghai Guoxin Aquatic Products Sales Department, wrapped the three fish selected by the old couple in a thermal insulation bag and put them in the freezer. According to Yao Mei, this large yellow croaker was not for retail before, but only for hotels and exports. Because the United States wants to impose tariffs on global trading partners, the company simply moved the large yellow croaker to the exhibition. "It’s a work announcement, and I feel that consumers are willing to pay for these goods!" .

　　From the Ibera women’s shoes in Qingpu to the thermos cups of Shimizu Daily Products Co., Ltd., anyway, this fair has accelerated the work of the relevant staff-it originally ended in mid-May, but since May 13, it has been transferred from the B2 Central Hall to the South Square of the shopping mall. The reason is that the statistics of Global Harbor show that more than 100,000 orders were sold in the B2 floor trade fair area in 21 days, and the momentum of the transaction has not weakened, but there is still a tendency to enlarge.

　　From April 18th, the "Shanghai E-commerce Matchmaking Meeting to Help Foreign Trade Expand Domestic Sales" to April 28th, the "Shanghai Shopping Mall Excellent Foreign Trade Matchmaking Activity" was held, with one meeting and one activity, which promoted the "face-to-face" communication between key shopping malls and supermarkets in Shanghai and nearly 80 foreign trade enterprises, and connected many domestic demand channels. Looking around the big picture, the internal and external environment is still changing. On May 10th and 11th, local time, China and the United States held high-level economic and trade talks in Geneva, Switzerland, and reached a series of important consensuses. On May 12, China and the United States issued a joint statement on the Geneva economic and trade talks, jointly revised or cancelled relevant tariffs, and established a mechanism to continue consultations on economic and trade relations. How to adapt to the environment at the fastest speed? The reporter observed that some foreign trade enterprises, including Shanghai, seized the "window period" and entered the "catch-up mode", and simultaneously deepened the expansion of non-American markets and accelerated the global layout with the strategy of "multi-line advancement".

　　In an interview with Xinmin Weekly, Chen Zilei, a professor at the School of International Business and Economics of Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, analyzed: "In the face of changes in the external environment, China’s trade needs to pay attention to two points. First, it is necessary to "open up", for example, through the "Belt and Road Initiative" to realize the diversification of exports, open up markets around the world, including the global South, emerging economies, or developing countries, and increase the trade share in this area; Second, to integrate domestic and foreign trade, it is necessary to build a unified national market, improve the mobility of factors and break the domestic market barriers. That is to say, the policy of expanding domestic demand is well implemented. In this way, we can transform some high-quality products that were originally exported into our expansion of domestic demand. "

Commercial purchase and sale in Shencheng are booming. Photography/Yang Jianzheng

Which hot items to turn back to?

　　During the May Day holiday, there were more than 20 foreign trade enterprises participating in the exhibition in B2 Central Hall of Global Harbor, covering some shoes, hats, bags and aquatic products. By May 13th, when the Global Harbor Export Commodities Fair was moved to the south square of the shopping mall, not only the number of exhibitors increased to more than 50, but also products such as home appliances were added. As far as food is concerned, there are some that continue to sell well, and some that are newly added and sell well.

　　Pseudosciaena crocea is a "star" that continues to sell well. Yao Mei said that in the 21 days in B2 Central Hall, more than 5 tons of yellow croaker were sold, which was 20% higher than the company’s annual export in 2024! After the trade fair was moved to Global Gangnan Plaza, consumers still wanted to buy large yellow croaker. However, due to the hot weather, in the semi-open environment, how to supply consumers with well-preserved goods after freezing has slightly tested the docking ability between Guoxin Aquatic Products Sales Department and Global Port. Fortunately, the storage, pick-up and transfer of these goods are all minor problems. All parties can join hands to supplement the freezer, which can completely ensure the good quality when they reach the consumer terminal. Some citizens said: "I bought honey, yellow croaker, coffee beans and slippers, totaling more than 1,000 yuan to support domestic products." Some citizens also said: "The price is more affordable and the quality of foreign trade is more assured."

On May 10th, the "Global Port Export Commodities Fair" was held on the B2 floor of Global Port.

　　Business is really good. "On May 13th, the first day of the transfer to South Square, less than 10 o’clock in the morning, many citizens gathered at the entrance of the trade fair to wait for admission. At 11 o’clock in the morning, some foreign trade commodity counters in the venue have been sold out. " Maidan, assistant general manager of Shanghai Global Port, said. The reporter passed by the global port fair several times and found that the main consumers were middle-aged and elderly customers. According to these aunts and uncles, because people have retired, they have leisure to pick up goods during the day on the working day in the middle of the week, and in the impression, the quality of China’s export commodities is guaranteed anyway. "When Lao Diji heard that there was an export to domestic sales, he knew,’ Don’t be too embarrassed’, just buy it!" Some aunts said so.

　　In Yong ‘an Department Store on Nanjing East Road, there is a slightly different scene from the global port. On May 6, in the corner of the third floor of Yongan Department Store, a customer stopped in front of a jeans booth that had not appeared here before. A friend said that he "had never heard of this brand before". Another friend said that when he went to the United States a few years ago, he saw this brand in a large outlet store in New Jersey, and it sold well in the local market. The salesperson also confirmed: "This is a brand originally exported to the United States, and the quality is very good." The English logo of the American brand was made into a KT board, and it was also marked "Export to Domestic Sales". A Shanghai aunt stepped forward and pinched her jeans. "Well, it feels good!" She said to the man accompanying her, ready to try it on in the fitting room. From this aunt’s body, it is obvious that since she was young, she naturally has a sense of smell for fashion and trends, and quickly captures them. And this brand, which just came into the market in Yongan Company in the name of "export to domestic market", although it only sells women’s jeans for the time being, has withstood the eye test of some Shanghai women with rich life experience, and has a good sales volume-more than 20 pieces were sold in one morning, even if the absolute value is not high, but it has reached a brand-new "two-way trip". After all, a few years ago, if you wanted to buy this brand of jeans, you had to find someone to buy them in the United States-a pair of pants made in China but not sold in China. The buyer of this pair of trousers is in China.However, the trousers have to travel across the ocean to the United States-even to the outlets on the east coast of the United States, and then they are packed into bags and returned to China by plane with the purchasers. Even so, at that time, the price was cheaper than domestic similar goods, and the quality was better than domestic similar goods. Nowadays, from the factory to the fans in China, this pair of jeans no longer needs to fly back and forth in the Pacific Ocean, and the price also makes consumers feel comfortable.

On the first floor of the first food store on Nanjing Road Pedestrian Street, there are nearly 30 kinds of foreign trade goods exported to domestic market on the newly renovated "Silede" counter.

　　In such a situation of "export to domestic sales", merchants certainly actively cooperate. Chen Hui, manager of tenant management department of Yongan Department Store, said, "Under normal circumstances, it takes at least one month for a new brand to go online. If the brand is settled in according to our joint marketing model, it should be decorated by itself, and everything should be prepared by itself, but this time we will do it for you, the hangers are supported by various counters, and even the salespersons are rotated by employees in various positions in the mall. " According to the on-site salesperson, "extraordinary operation" and "green channel" make the newly imported goods transferred to Yong ‘an Department Store be sold on the counter at a faster speed.

　　As the reporter saw in the pedestrian street of Nanjing East Road, some export-oriented counters have to face the competition of online commodity sales. On May 6th, a coffee pot with a price of 288 yuan attracted the interest of an old man in front of the counter of the export brand "Silede" on the first floor of a food store. After playing with it for a while, he asked the selling price of this coffee pot in the American market. The shop assistant politely replied, "Uncle, I don’t know." A young man at the scene immediately compared the online selling price and told the old man that "during the May 5th Shopping Festival, he can get another discount from 200 yuan to 20 yuan", which seems quite cost-effective. The old man felt tempted.

　　In Chen Zilei’s view, the export of some consumer goods to domestic sales can bring certain benefits to the development of domestic economy and people’s livelihood. "Export to domestic sales can serve to expand domestic demand." Chen Zilei told reporters, "In the future, if there are more products that can improve consumers’ quality of life on the domestic market, this is not a bad thing. Can contribute to meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life. I think, at the same time, we have to increase imports to enhance the overall consumption vitality. "

2025 Shanghai International Auto Show. Photography/Chen Mengze

Build a complete domestic demand system

　　Some media observed: "The transformation of’ export to domestic sales’ jointly promoted by policies, enterprises and consumers is not only a self-help of foreign trade enterprises, but also an upgrading experiment related to the quality of life of every ordinary person. The shift of export products to domestic sales has brought new pressure. The original domestic products must compete with the low-cost export-grade inventory on the same shelf. " However, some people think that this kind of friction will definitely force the original domestic products: from "OEM" to "quality awakening", and stimulate the domestic retail industry to become more efficient, diversified and competitive. This is an opportunity to turn pressure into motivation, and it is a subversion.

　　Zhang Juan, deputy director and researcher of Shanghai Open Strategy Research Center (Shanghai WTO Affairs Consulting Center), said that there is a set of data that can’t be ignored: according to the export volume and domestic commodity sales of foreign-funded enterprises, the domestic sales scale of foreign-funded enterprises in China is about twice that of their exports in China. This data is even higher for foreign-funded enterprises in Shanghai. "Since China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO), foreign-funded enterprises have always been the mainstay of China’s foreign trade." Zhang Juan analyzed, "The proportion of goods exports of foreign-funded enterprises in Shanghai’s total exports reached a historical peak in 2010, about 70%; It fell to about 48% in 2024. In 2003, the domestic commodity sales of foreign-funded enterprises in Shanghai were only 0.46 times of the foreign-funded enterprises’ exports. In 2009, the domestic commodity sales of foreign-funded enterprises in Shanghai exceeded their exports for the first time, and in 2023, it was 6.8 times of the exports. This shows that foreign-funded enterprises are increasingly considering China’s ultra-large-scale market advantages when investing in China. "

　　In the early 1970s, at the beginning of Sino-US contact, the United States was in the midst of an oil crisis, and the Bretton Woods system, that is, the international monetary system centered on the US dollar, disintegrated. How does the United States rescue? From Kissinger’s secret visit to President Nixon’s visit to China: Politically, the United States naturally has the intention of wooing China to jointly fight against the Soviet Union; Considering the economy, the international trade system and even the financial field, to a great extent, the United States at that time also hoped to explore China, a country with a vast territory and a large population. Although China’s productivity was not high at that time, it already had a relatively complete national economic system. Shortly after the reform and opening up, the success of many Sino-foreign joint ventures, Sino-foreign cooperation and wholly foreign-owned enterprises proved that China’s relatively complete national economic system and good basic education can provide a highly competitive labor force. While making "foreign-funded enterprises" make full profits, it also makes the China market develop gradually. In the 1980s and 1990s, and at the beginning of this century, with the changes of the world trade pattern and the ups and downs of the market, China also experienced several climaxes of "export to domestic sales". It was also a beautiful thing for consumers to buy domestic products with export quality. Zhang Juan believes that at least since Trump took office for the first time, the pattern of international trade has gradually changed. "During the first term of the Trump administration, the trade pattern began to accelerate to localization, inshore and friendship. However, China’s domestic market cannot be ignored. This time, the United States imposed "reciprocal tariffs" on global trading partners, regardless of the outcome afterwards.Or how the modality evolves, in short, it will prompt more and more foreign-funded enterprises to change from "‘in China for world’" (from China to the world) to "‘in China for China’" (from China to China) and pay more attention to the contribution of China market to enterprise growth. "

　　Zhang Juan believes that, from a deeper level, the export of foreign-funded enterprises to domestic sales is not only the internal transfer of the consumer market, but also the internal transfer of the production supply chain, that is, not only to sell more end products in the China market, but also to comply with the supporting requirements of the supply chain developed by local enterprises in China, and to participate in China’s domestic supply chain system, from parts import to localized production.

May 12: The Sino-US joint tariff statement boosted market sentiment, and the Nasdaq closed up 4.35%.

　　Professor school of economics and management of Tongji University and Chen Qiang, executive director of Shanghai Industrial Innovation Ecosystem Research Center, told reporters that in recent years, some people in the United States and the West have been urging and drumming up, which has intensified the "decoupling and breaking the chain", making the global competition in science and technology and industry increasingly severe. "If a country’s innovation system and industrial system can be deeply integrated into the world and closely interact with the supply side and demand side of the high-level global market, then there will be opportunities to obtain elements and energy supplies from the outside and release energy to the outside, thus continuously improving the overall efficiency of the system." Chen Qiang said, "However, the situation has changed due to’ decoupling and chain breaking’. How should we deal with it? On the one hand, we should promote the construction of modern industrial system through scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, so as to further enhance the technological content, cost advantage and brand value of "Made in China" and form a stronger international market competitiveness. On the other hand, we should also take precautions, make ideological preparations and work preparations to deal with the uncertainty of the external environment, give full play to Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s institutional advantages and the advantages of huge domestic demand market capacity and rich levels, enhance the resilience of the domestic demand system, and absorb the various shocks brought about by changes in international political and economic patterns. "

　　After the Sino-American meeting in Geneva, the tariffs were adjusted, which seems to be a relief. However, recently, many shopping malls in Shanghai and even many cities across the country have successively opened up foreign trade excellent products zones, and some media reports have called them "stopgap measures to long-term strategies". But we also have to see that for a large part of exporters, the way forward will need to find new markets or turn to domestic sales. The commodities involved are mainly consumer-oriented household goods, clothing and electronic products, rather than industrial parts. In the short term, this is not a supply chain problem, but a sales system problem. Chen Qiang once pointed out that "building a new development pattern with the domestic big cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promoting each other is a strategic choice made by the CPC Central Committee according to the changes in the domestic and international situation. To speed up the construction of a complete domestic demand system, it is necessary to promote scientific and technological innovation and other aspects of innovation." From this perspective, export and domestic sales are also components of "building a complete domestic demand system".

Reshape the world trade pattern

　　In the short term, it seems that some products that were originally exported are currently put into the domestic market. With the slight achievements in the relevant tariff negotiations between China and the United States, some enterprises have accelerated their export production; In the medium term, changes in tariff negotiations between China and the United States, as well as between China and the world’s major economies, can lead to changes in the production objectives of enterprises; In the long run, will the United States impose so-called "reciprocal tariffs" on all its trading partners, forcing countries to take various actions and eventually reshape the world trade pattern?

　　As the vice president of the National Japan Economic Association and the president of the Shanghai Japan Society, Chen Zilei has specially studied the past of Japan-US trade friction and its long-term impact on the Japanese economy. "After the trade friction between Japan and the United States, Japan had to promote economic operation through two links. First, export control; Second, increase imports. However, Japan’s self-regulation of exports to the United States, in particular, actually inhibited the production vitality of Japanese enterprises. Looking back, it is not conducive to industrial upgrading, to ensuring employment, and to the development of enterprises. " Chen Zilei analyzed, "Japan is not doing well in expanding imports to the United States. On the one hand, there were great differences between American goods and Japanese market demand at that time. This problem has never been well solved. " In Chen Zilei’s view, the only bright spot of what Japan did in those years was to transfer the industrial chain overseas through production transfer, open up the trade chain through the third-party market, enter the American market, and even move the factory to the United States, where it is now produced and sold. In this respect, there is no lack of learning from others.

　　Professor Chen Qiang observed that in recent years, the technological capability of China’s manufacturing industry has been continuously enhanced, the industrial foundation has been continuously consolidated, the management level has been rapidly improved, and the characteristics of high-tech content and high added value of export products have become more and more obvious. According to the data released by the General Administration of Customs, in 2024, the export volume of automobiles in China reached 6.41 million, a year-on-year increase of 23%. Exports also increased significantly, reaching $117.4 billion. "In addition, China’s product competitiveness in the fields of network communication, new energy, high-speed rail, nuclear power and construction machinery has gradually increased, and tangible progress has been made in quantum technology and artificial intelligence." Chen Qiang analyzed, "In the new export pattern, different countries and regions have different demands for China products, with different scales, structures and levels. From this point of view, the connotation of "export to domestic sales" is different, and developed countries have higher requirements for the quality and technical content of products. The significance of China’s increasing exports lies in maintaining interaction with the higher-level demand side, and taking this opportunity to continuously enhance the technology and management capabilities of China manufacturing. If it is sold domestically, it can also meet the higher-level needs of the domestic market. Developing countries are more sensitive to the cost performance of their products. China Manufacturing should increase its exports to them by virtue of its technological advantages and cost control ability, and exchange technology for the market. Even if the situation changes, the market space for domestic sales is relatively large. " In essence, due to the huge economic volume of China, it is not just a few large yellow croakers, but the reshaping of the international trade pattern that will eventually be instigated by the "export to domestic sales". Author | Jiang Haofeng

　　China news agency, Beijing, February 9 (Reporter Ruan Yulin) The Ministry of Environmental Protection of China informed the media on the evening of the 9th that a systematic dusty weather process occurred in China, which affected Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei and other places, and the hourly concentration of inhalable particulate matter (PM10) rose sharply, with the hourly concentration of PM10 in Zhangye City, Gansu Province exceeding 3,600 micrograms per cubic meter.

　　Influenced by the gale weather, a systematic sandstorm weather process occurred from north to south in China from noon on February 8. The sand was mainly located in southern Mongolia, central and western Inner Mongolia, China and western Gansu. The sand and dust weather process first appeared in cities such as Xilingol, Jiayuguan and Jiuquan, and then the influence of sand and dust expanded from Inner Mongolia and Gansu to Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei and other provinces. Among them, at 20 o’clock on the 8th in Zhangye City, the hourly concentration of PM10 exceeded 3,600 micrograms per cubic meter, which is the highest concentration of PM10 so far.

　　The monitoring shows that the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its surrounding areas began to be affected by this dusty weather process in the early morning of February 9 due to the cold and high pressure in the south. On the morning of 9th, the concentration of PM10 increased rapidly in several cities in north-central Shanxi. Among them, the concentration of PM10 in Shuozhou exceeded 1000 micrograms per cubic meter at 8: 00 on the 9th, and the hourly air quality index (AQI) reached 500. Lvliang, Xinzhou, Shuozhou and other cities also experienced hourly AQI reaching 500. At 9: 00 on the 9th in Beijing, dust was transported from the west, and the air quality deteriorated slightly, and gradually improved in the afternoon.

　　The forecast shows that at present, the dust front has arrived in the central and southern areas of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and is still moving eastward and southward, and will gradually affect southern Hebei, western Shandong and northern Henan, and the air quality of relevant cities will deteriorate by 1-2 levels on the basis of the original forecast. (End)

　　In the first five months, the total retail sales of social consumer goods reached 13.87 trillion yuan, and the decline narrowed. In May, the sales of heavy and light trucks both reached record highs in the same period. From January to May, the total planned investment of new projects increased by 7.9%… … A series of figures show that China’s domestic demand is accelerating.

　　At present, a series of policies and measures around "six stabilities" and "six guarantees" are gradually taking effect, and the resumption of business and markets in various places is accelerating, especially under the impetus of multiple measures such as expanding domestic demand and promoting investment and consumption, the investment and consumer markets are accelerating. Many experts said that the supply-side structural reform will continue to deepen in the second half of the year, relevant policies and measures will be accelerated, and the huge potential of the domestic demand market will continue to be released, which will further highlight its supporting role for the economy.

　　A number of indicators are improving, releasing the signal of domestic demand recovery.

　　In June, the manufacturing PMI was 50.9%, rising from the previous month and standing in threshold for four consecutive months. The leading indicators released positive signals. Haitong Securities analysts Chen Xing and Ying Jiaxian pointed out in the analysis report that the new order index rose from 50.9% in May to 51.4% in June, rising for two consecutive months and hitting the second highest point in the year, exceeding the level of the same period last year, and the import index also rose from 45.3% in May to 47%, indicating that domestic demand continued to pick up.

　　Investment demand is also picking up. The latest investment data shows that the growth rate of investment in high-tech industries and social fields has turned from negative to positive.

　　Ding Yong, chief statistician of the Investment Department of the National Bureau of Statistics, said that with the steady investment policy taking effect, the investment in new projects continued to show a good trend. The planned total investment of new projects increased by 7.9% from January to May, which was 6.8 percentage points faster than that from January to April. According to relevant indicators, the production and sales of construction machinery products were booming in May, with the output of digging, shoveling and transporting machinery and concrete machinery increasing by 62.1% and 42.2% respectively, and the sales of excavators increasing by 68%. All these indicate that investment is expected to continue to pick up in the future.

　　According to the data released by China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, in May, the sales volume of heavy trucks in China reached 179,000, up 65.6% year-on-year, and the sales volume of light trucks reached 215,000, up 43.4% year-on-year. The sales volume of both types of vehicles reached a new high in the same period. According to industry insiders, like construction machinery products, the sharp jump in sales of commercial vehicles such as trucks is a strong proof that investment is picking up rapidly.

　　Behind a series of good data, structural reforms on the supply side are deepening and a series of policies are gradually becoming effective. The reporter of the Economic Information Daily learned that in the next step, China will issue opinions to support the steady growth, transformation and upgrading of private manufacturing enterprises, study and issue guiding opinions to promote the intelligent transformation of manufacturing industries, carry out pilot demonstrations on the cultivation of advanced manufacturing clusters, and formulate national hydrogen energy industry development strategic plans.

　　In addition, a number of heavy policy arrangements will be implemented, including the addition of two "1 trillion yuan" by the central government, the implementation of larger-scale tax reduction and fee reduction, efforts to stabilize and expand employment by all means, and greater macro-policy efforts to hedge the impact of the epidemic.

　　Promote consumption benefit to show the market and accelerate the replenishment

　　At present, the consumer market shows a trend of accelerating compensation. From the national situation, from January to May, the total retail sales of social consumer goods nationwide reached 13.87 trillion yuan, down 13.5% year-on-year, and the decline rate was 5.5 percentage points narrower than that in the first quarter. It decreased by 2.8% in May, and the cumulative decline for three consecutive months narrowed by 17.7 percentage points. At the local level, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hainan, Henan, Shanghai and other places have achieved a decline in consumption growth.

　　Li Danghui, deputy director of the Consumption Promotion Department of the Ministry of Commerce, pointed out that China’s consumer market has overcome the impact of the epidemic and achieved a monthly recovery. The consumption of basic living goods has continued to grow, upgraded goods are more active, and the retail sales of housing and transportation goods have improved. "This shows that under the normalization of epidemic prevention and control, the people’s demand and pursuit for a better life are still growing, reflecting the great development potential and strong resilience of China’s consumer market."

　　It is worth noting that many departments are still intensively introducing multiple consumption promotion policies to accelerate the release of domestic demand market potential. The reporter learned that in the field of commodity consumption, relevant departments are promoting the construction of new infrastructure and supporting green and intelligent consumption, among which the replacement and recycling of household appliances, automobiles and other bulk commodities will become the focus. In addition, the comprehensive promotion of foreign trade products to domestic sales has also injected new kinetic energy into the consumer market. On June 22nd, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Implementation Opinions on Supporting Export Products to Domestic Sales" to encourage foreign trade enterprises to expand sales channels and promote domestic consumption upgrading.

　　In the field of service consumption, the Ministry of Commerce, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and other departments will continue to promote the orderly resumption of production in catering, shopping malls, culture, tourism, housekeeping and other industries, and adapt to new demands and trends, promote innovation in supply methods, develop new formats and new models, and stimulate market vitality with supply-side reform.

　　Guan Lixin, deputy director of the Institute of Circulation and Consumption of the Ministry of Commerce, said in an interview with the Economic Information Daily that despite the impact of the epidemic, the fundamentals of China’s long-term economic improvement have not changed, and the expectations of residents for a better life have not changed. From the central government to the local government, from the government to enterprises, a series of policies and measures to support commercial enterprises to resume production and promote residents’ consumption have been introduced one after another, which have boosted consumer confidence, enlivened the consumer market, enriched consumer supply and effectively promoted the accelerated release of China’s huge domestic demand market potential.

　　Sustained release of domestic demand potential and prominent economic resilience

　　Looking forward to the second half of the year, the huge potential of the domestic demand market will continue to be released, and its supporting role for the economy will be further highlighted.

　　Taking the export-to-domestic market as an example, Yang Guoliang, deputy director of the Foreign Trade Department of the Ministry of Commerce, pointed out that the accelerated release of domestic market demand has provided a domestic market for export industries such as electronic appliances, light industry, textiles and clothing, and agricultural products. From the perspective of investment, the promotion of new infrastructure, new urbanization and major projects in various places has brought new opportunities to export industries such as machinery and equipment, electrical and mechanical equipment and precision instruments. From the perspective of consumption upgrading, some foreign trade enterprises are shifting from traditional mass production to personalized customization, which can better meet the needs of domestic consumption upgrading. The rapid development of new consumption modes such as online sales and live broadcast with goods has also opened up sales channels for foreign trade enterprises directly facing consumer groups.

　　The analysis points out that the pulling effect of domestic demand market on foreign trade is only a microcosm of China’s economic resilience, and in other fields, this virtuous circle of economic development is also being opened. In Guan Lixin’s view, China is taking meeting domestic demand as the starting point and the end result of development, and making efforts to open up all links of production, distribution, circulation and consumption.

　　Guan Lixin pointed out that it is necessary to start with expanding the scale of consumption and promoting the upgrading of consumption physique, constantly create an effective supply that meets the new demand, introduce more goods and services that meet the needs of domestic consumers, increase investment around the supply-side structural reform, and strengthen the construction of infrastructure such as education, medical care and community services, give full play to the basic role of consumption and the key role of investment, consolidate the foundation of domestic large-scale circulation based on serving people’s livelihood, and form a domestic and international double-cycle pattern led by domestic consumption.

　　Meng Wei, spokesperson of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that in the future, we will vigorously tap the potential of releasing domestic demand, and the next step will focus on adapting, leading and creating new demand with high-quality supply, actively promoting the replacement and recycling of household appliances and automobiles, and accelerating the development and improvement of new consumption formats to take advantage of the trend, giving full play to the role of investment in the central budget, special bonds of local governments and special anti-epidemic bonds, and accelerating the construction of short-board areas.

Country Garden finally "showdown"?

In the past year, the domestic real estate industry experienced an unheard-of thunderstorm. From leading real estate enterprises such as Evergrande and Sunac to small and medium-sized Taihe and Huaxia Happiness, many real estate enterprises fell into debt and broken capital chains because of their "three highs" (high leverage, high debt and high risk) business model.

Even Country Garden, once known as "the first real estate enterprise in the universe", has ushered in a thunderstorm moment. In fact, this matter has long been a clue.

First, in mid-October last year, Country Garden, which couldn’t pay interest on time due to a US dollar debt, declared a formal breach of contract, and the group fell into a liquidity crisis. After several months of advance notice, Country Garden recently announced on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange that its creditors filed a liquidation petition with the court, involving unpaid term loans and interest of up to HK$ 1.6 billion.

In addition, according to public information, as of the end of last year, Country Garden’s total liabilities were about 1.36 trillion, which was second only to Evergrande’s 2.38 trillion in the liabilities of a number of housing enterprises.

Affected by this, Country Garden shares became "fairy shares", and the price per share fell below $1, which directly led to its market value falling again and again. However, in sharp contrast to the plummeting stock price, many Country Garden executives quickly cleared their shares, including Yang’s father and daughter, and exposed the news that "the founder’s family paid dividends of 42 billion yuan", which made people feel sorry: after all, they followed Evergrande’s footsteps!

Yang Guoqiang, who came from a peasant family, believed that "land is wealth" at the beginning of his business, and he understood that the land profit in the county town has a lot of room for operation. Therefore, the buildings in Country Garden are generally located in remote suburbs or even at the foot of the mountain in the hinterland.

Relying on the mode of "rural encircling the city", Country Garden frantically borrowed money to encircle the land. According to its financial report, Country Garden successfully went public in 2007 with a land reserve of 19 million square meters, and Yang Guoqiang’s second daughter Yang Huiyan’s net worth was as high as 121.15 billion, surpassing Wang, Xu, Ma and other bosses to become the richest man in China, and was the richest new generation.

However, Country Garden can become the "first real estate enterprise in the universe", and it has to start from 2015. At that time, it was at the time when the monetization of sheds was implemented in China, and the monetary income of sheds in third-and fourth-tier cities was changed, which made Country Garden earn a lot of money and further opened up crazy expansion.

In 2006, Country Garden’s total debt was only 13.836 billion yuan, which soared to 933.1 billion yuan in 2017, and then increased to 1,758.8 billion yuan in 2017, reaching a historical commanding height. In just 14 years, the total debt has more than 127 times!

Borrowed so much money, where did it go? Naturally, it is enclosure and dividend.

As a well-known "king of enclosure" in the domestic real estate industry, Country Garden’s land reserve area once increased to 282 million square meters. The more debt, the harder the dividend. As the actual controller, the Yang family has taken 42 billion dividends since its listing in 2007, and the family members can get at least 15 million annual salary. Although Yang Huiyan once donated 20% of his equity to Guoqiang Public Welfare Foundation, this move was also criticized as "left-handed and right-handed".

In contrast, another real estate tycoon, Hong Kong Fuli, is much more stable. Not only was he very cautious in land acquisition, but he also sensed the tightening of domestic real estate dividends in advance, decisively cashed out, and transferred a large amount of money into the territory of Huangpi Medicine and "Jinzhiyin".

In 2021, Hutchison Pharmaceuticals successfully rang the bell on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, and the market value soared to 70 billion that day, helping the Li family’s commercial map to add a solid tile. The above-mentioned biotechnology has been confirmed by Harvard, Qingbei and other scientific research institutions, which can maintain the vitality of the organism, extend the life span of organisms by 30%, and play a positive intervention role in the process of aging.

As early as 2017, Hong Kong Fuli began to use the predecessor of "Golden Cause". At that time, the cost of taking it was as high as 1.28 million times. Perhaps it was his persistence that paid off. After the photo of his 96th birthday party came out, netizens paid attention to it: "I am in good health and look more like a 69-year-old."

With the support of capital and scientific research, only Hong Kong Fuli, Pan Paopao and others enjoyed the scientific and technological dividend a few years ago. Now, the iteration of the same name "Jin Zhi Yin" has landed in Beijing-East and Tian-Cat, helping millions of Chinese people to improve their quality of life, but Yang’s father and daughter failed to catch up with this bus.

Looking back, it’s self-inflicted that Country Garden will "storm". A few months ago, Evergrande was exposed to the suspension of trading, but Country Garden, as the same style of doing things, did not realize the truth of stopping in time, and still invested heavily in overseas assets. Is it because these years have been too smooth and smooth, and all business vigilance and reflective ability have been discarded?

However, it is worth noting that, although like Evergrande, it likes crazy enclosure and huge dividends, Country Garden is at least desirable in its attitude. For example, Yang’s father and daughter have sold their private assets several times and paid their debts voluntarily.

Although compared with the trillion-dollar debt, the money can only alleviate the "urgent need", at least it is expressed. I hope Country Garden can work hard to hold on, otherwise its "leveling" power will be no less than Evergrande’s.

At the group management meeting in April, the management of Country Garden put forward the working policy of "one floor, one guarantee and delivery" in view of the current main tasks. In addition, we should seize the opportunity and strive for more projects to enter the "white list".

On April 7, Country Garden issued an announcement to disclose the progress of its overseas debt restructuring and the appointment of legal counsel. After Country Garden announced on October 10, 2023 that it was seeking a comprehensive solution, it cooperated with creditors and main consultants and made positive progress in overseas debt restructuring. The company has set up a coordination committee representing bank creditors and a project team representing bondholders. At present, the two sides are discussing the information sharing mechanism and fee arrangement.

Country Garden is conducting feedback on due diligence issues, and referring to international best practice guidelines, including the Second Edition Statement of Principles on Global Experiences of Multi-creditors in Solving Debt Problems without Court Procedures and the Code for Handling Financial Difficulties of Hong Kong Enterprises.

Country Garden said that the main financial consultants are continuing to advance the preparation of the cash flow model. In addition, in order to provide a common information platform for creditors, the company has hired De Anhua to analyze the independent debt recovery rate of the group on the premise of being cautious to creditors, so as to help creditors make better rational judgments when examining the company’s operation in the future.

It continued that Country Garden plans to establish a regular communication mechanism with overseas creditors and update the restructuring process to overseas investors in a timely manner. The company reiterates that we are determined to promote a comprehensive solution that can ensure the long-term development of the Group, safeguard the rights and interests of all stakeholders and ensure fair treatment of all creditors.

Country Garden also said that the company has appointed Nianlida Law Firm as the main legal adviser for overseas debt restructuring. Nianlida Law Firm will work with the company and its main consultants to ensure a transparent and constructive dialogue between the company and overseas creditors.

At the end of February, Country Garden announced on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange that the company was informed of the liquidation petition filed by Ever Credit Limited to the High Court of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on February 27, 2024, concerning the unpaid term loan with a principal of about HK$ 1.6 billion between the petitioner (lender) and the company (borrower) and accrued interest. The company will strongly oppose the petition.

On March 28th, Country Garden announced that it would delay the publication of the 2023 performance report. The explanation given by the company for delaying the publication of financial reports is that the industry continues to fluctuate and the business environment faced by the company is becoming increasingly complex. It needs to collect more information to make appropriate accounting estimates and judgments. Affected by this, Country Garden shares have been suspended since April 2.

Written by: Nandu Bay Finance Society reporter Wang Yanling

In 2024, the word "trade-in" has received unprecedented attention.

At this year’s National People’s Congress, the government work report stated this year’s tasks: stabilize and expand traditional consumption, encourage and promote the trade-in of consumer goods, and boost the mass consumption of intelligent networked new energy vehicles and electronic products.

This is the third time recently that the Central Committee has mentioned trade-in at a heavy meeting.

The reporter interviewed relevant departments, enterprises and experts in Chongqing, all of whom were eagerly awaiting this round of trade-in, hoping that the national policy would be more powerful and targeted.

But this time it’s obviously different. First, the scope of this trade-in is wider. As can be seen from the contents of the central meeting, it covers household appliances, automobiles and industrial and agricultural equipment updates. Second, the supporting role of current consumption in economic development has become more prominent, which means that more funds and resources will be invested in this round of trade-in. According to the data of the Ministry of Commerce, the contribution rate of consumption to economic growth reached 82.5% in 2023, while the average annual contribution rate of final consumption expenditure to economic growth in China in the past 10 years was 50.4%. It is not difficult to see behind the digital changes that this round of trade-in of consumer goods will be expected to be higher. Third, related consumer goods have entered a window period of upgrading. Wang Wentao, Minister of Commerce, introduced at the economic theme press conference held at the Second Session of the 14th National People’s Congress that there are more than 16 million passenger cars in use in China, of which more than 7 million are over 15 years old. On average, about 270 million household appliances exceed the safe service life every year. Wang Wentao judged that the potential renewal demand of consumer goods has entered a concentrated release period. According to the estimation of Pacific Securities Research Report, according to the average selling price of new cars of 170,000 yuan, the replacement of old vehicles is expected to bring about 1.3 trillion yuan of consumption scale increase in 2024.

Lang Xuehong, Deputy Secretary-General of china automobile dealers association, said in an interview with the media that by the end of 2023, there were about 340 million cars in China, but only 20 million new energy vehicles, accounting for only about 6% of the total number of cars. The replacement cycle of traditional fuel vehicles is about 6 to 8 years, and that of new energy vehicles is about 3 to 5 years. "From the perspective of the whole society, 40% of the increase in new car consumption this year will come from trade-in." Combined with the consumption of about 25 million new cars in China last year, Lang Xuehong judged that the market size of trade-in was about 10 million.

And the scale of equipment renewal is even larger. At the economic theme press conference of the Second Session of the 14th National People’s Congress, Zheng Shanjie, director of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that recently, the National Development and Reform Commission, together with relevant departments, studied and formulated the Action Plan for Promoting Large-scale Equipment Renewal and Trade-in of Consumer Goods, focusing on the implementation of the "four major actions" of equipment renewal, trade-in of consumer goods, recycling and standard improvement. Taking equipment renewal as an example, the focus will be on seven fields: industry, agriculture, construction, transportation, education, cultural tourism and medical care. With the deepening of high-quality development, the demand for equipment renewal will continue to expand, and it is estimated that it will be a huge market with an annual scale of more than 5 trillion yuan.

Mo Xin, vice president of Suzhou Institute of Environmental Innovation in Tsinghua, once participated in the research and formulation of the "trade-in" policy for automobiles and household appliances in 2009. He said that the new round of large-scale equipment renewal and trade-in of consumer goods are greatly different from the past in terms of implementation areas and subsidy standards, and are expected to be broader and higher.

The reporter learned from the Municipal Commission of Commerce that the 2024 "Aishang Chongqing" green smart home appliances promotion campaign to enter towns, streets and communities was launched on the 8th. Various home appliance enterprises will take home appliances to the countryside, trade-in subsidies, full reduction and discount, etc., and carry out various forms of green smart home appliances trade-in to benefit the people. Enterprises participating in the activities will give consumers who meet the scope of trade-in subsidies a maximum subsidy of 10%, and consumers will write off subsidies or deduct the actual price according to the corresponding standards when paying and settling accounts.

For example, Chongbai Trading Co., Ltd. will organize its 41 stores to carry out the promotion activities of "315 billion yuan subsidy" to benefit the people. Suning carried out activities such as trade-in and high subsidy of 10%; JD.COM will carry out the 315 Home Appliances Life Festival, and trade in the old for the new to make up for the 1000 yuan and other promotional activities; Midea Electric has carried out activities such as trade-in of all its categories and subsidizing 1000 yuan.

The "Smart Home Dishwasher Festival" was also launched on the same day. Citizens can enjoy the subsidy of the Supreme 1000 yuan Association when buying dishwashers, and can recycle old household appliances for free, and enjoy the recycling subsidy of the Supreme 300 yuan.

On March 9th, Chongqing Custom Home Furnishing Association and Chongqing Household Electrical Appliances Service Federation will organize more than 100 brands of various types to hold "315" home industry promotion activities at the main venue of Guanyinqiao Business Circle, launch "home trade-in start-up activities, and launch welfare packages such as full subsidy coupons and discount for old goods evaluation". According to reports, the Municipal Commission of Commerce will provide special funds to support the "Aishang Chongqing" Green Home (Spring) Huimin Expo, which started on March 7, and support key enterprises to trade in old smart home appliances.

Liu Yi, vice chairman and president of Chongqing Akita Gear Co., Ltd., told the reporter, "We are also waiting for this policy to come out. It can be said that we have been waiting for a long time." Liu Yi said that Akita Gear spends more than 100 million yuan on equipment upgrading every year, mainly for technical transformation and expansion of production capacity, and both domestic and foreign equipment are being purchased. In 2023, Akita Gear spent 160 million yuan to update high-end motorcycle gear processing equipment and new energy vehicle gear processing equipment. Liu Yi believes that the demand for equipment renewal in Chongqing’s manufacturing industry is considerable, and the new round of policies will accelerate the overall upgrading of Chongqing’s manufacturing industry.

The reporter then interviewed Yang Qiang, the equipment supervisor of the assembly workshop of Changan Automobile Liangjiang Factory. He told reporters that with the explosion of sales of Changan Automobile, there are three kinds of equipment to be upgraded in this year’s workshop: one is adaptive cruise and panoramic image calibration equipment, the other is initialization and ECU comprehensive electrical inspection equipment, and the third is antifreeze filling machine, all of which are used for the manufacture of intelligent networked new energy vehicles.

Chen Jiawei, head of marketing planning of Chongbai Electric Strategy Department, told the reporter, "We are very much looking forward to the introduction of this trade-in policy. Now our sales platform and manufacturers are jointly doing trade-in. It is not enough to rely on our strength. The country and the government will pull it together and the strength will be even greater. " Chen Jiawei said that Chongbai Electric has paid more attention to the stock market and put it on the old-for-new, and is very much looking forward to this policy. "Not only us, but almost all electrical appliance sales platforms, Suning and JD.COM, have great expectations for this policy, hoping to set off a wave of trends. Judging from our exchanges with electrical appliance manufacturers, regardless of Haier, Midea, Gree and Changhong, they are vigorously promoting trade-in this year, which is their focus this year. " Chen Jiawei believes that now everyone has paid more attention to health. From the sales situation, green smart home appliances are now attracting more attention from consumers, such as fresh air conditioners, dishwashers and dryers in air conditioners, which bring great convenience to life.

Hu Yangji said that in 2023, Chongqing Zhongtian Electronic Waste Treatment Co., Ltd. and Chongqing Zhongjia Environmental Protection Engineering Co., Ltd., the two largest recycling enterprises of old household appliances in Chongqing, recycled 2.32 million sets of old electrical appliances. From this, he speculated that the current actual renewal in Chongqing is 4 million sets per year. If we calculate according to the life cycle of general household appliances of 8-10 years, this round of old-for-new trade-in may bring 10 million sets of replacement to Chongqing market every year.

Hu Yangji believes that last year, the municipal government invested 10 million yuan in financial subsidies, which were used up in a few days, thus boosting sales by more than 400% year-on-year. "This round of central policies has not yet come out, but we are looking forward to it. The activities organized at the government level have stronger credibility and better results than those organized by the merchants themselves. " Hu Yangji hopes that compared with last year’s subsidy of 200 million yuan in Jiangsu and 100 million yuan in Shanghai, from the perspective of Chongqing’s market size, it should at least catch up with Shanghai’s subsidy level and reach 100 million yuan.

Mo Yuanming, a researcher at the chongqing technology and business university Chengdu-Chongqing Shuangcheng Economic Circle Collaborative Development Center, believes that in recent years, both the Central Financial and Economic Committee meeting and the the State Council executive meeting have emphasized the trade-in of old products and accelerated the upgrading of products, resulting in the scale effect of upgrading. This government work report proposes to encourage and promote the trade-in of consumer goods and boost the mass consumption of intelligent networked new energy vehicles and electronic products, which is in line with the spirit of the above meeting. This series of policy measures shows that "trade-in" has become the key measure to promote the steady growth of consumption this year.

On the other hand, boosting consumption needs intelligent networking, new energy vehicles, electronic products and other large-scale consumption to drive. This means that mass consumption of intelligent networked new energy vehicles and electronic products is becoming an important thrust to stimulate consumption and expand domestic demand, and also an important engine to stimulate economic growth.

　　If you need to upload an electronic version of a paper document or a scanned document, you usually need a scanner or copier to obtain the required documents. If you don’t have it with you, you usually need to go to a printing agency, but it is expensive and inconvenient. In fact, the function of scanning files can be realized by using mobile phones with the help of special software. Let’s introduce it to you below.The mobile phone can scan files.

How does the mobile phone scan files?

　　First, Android phones

　　1. Take [Scan King App] as an example. First, open the APP and follow the prompts to register and log in. After logging in successfully, you can enter the main interface and use the shooting function.

　　2. After successfully entering the homepage, you can see the photographed files in the main interface. You can click the plus sign in the lower right corner to start the camera.

　　3. Point the mobile phone at the file to be scanned. The bottom option can be switched to normal or certificate, etc. Keep it normal here. After the file is placed, just click the camera at the arrow.

　　4. Try to keep the edge of the file photo as far as possible, which is horizontal or vertical in the picture; After shooting, you can enter the interface, and the selected content can be selected obliquely. The software will use algorithms to convert. After setting the selected area, the box button in the figure can rotate the image, and the button at the left arrow can return to re-shooting, and click the check mark in the lower right corner to confirm;

　　5. At this time, you will be prompted that cutting is in progress, and you need to wait for its processing to be completed. The overall speed is relatively fast, and it can be completed after waiting for a few seconds. You can see that the selected content is tilted and turned into a rectangle;

　　6. Next, you will enter the processing interface, adjust the pictures, etc., and you can see the contents of the preview box, which is similar to the effect of the scanned document. You can manually add the effect below, and it is recommended to use automatic. Finally, click the bottom right to accept the number.

　　In the last step, you can browse the file at last, and you can view the scanned file in your mobile phone or send it to other devices for use;

　　Some points for attention: shoot flat as far as possible, and make the overall brightness of the picture uniform, not dark and bright, either all dark or the other way around. Therefore, everyone should operate in good light;

　　Second, the mobile phone

　　If you are using an Apple phone, you can use the built-in functions of the system to scan, as follows:

　　1. Find the application of Memo on the iPhone and click it;

　　2. After entering, click the New button in the lower right corner to create a new Memorandum.

　　3. Click [+] above the pop-up input method, and click [Scan manuscript] in the pop-up option;

　　4. Then, the mobile phone will automatically turn on the camera and put its own manuscript on the flat desktop. The camera is facing the manuscript. The mobile phone camera will automatically scan the khaki area displayed in the manuscript map, and the camera will automatically capture the appropriate scanned document or manually press the key to capture it.

　　5. After successful capture, you will enter the editing page to edit the manuscript and click [Finish] to save it;

　　The above is the introduction to the steps of scanning files by mobile phone. I hope the above introduction can help you.

　　Is it easy to lose weight when frozen? Children with severe heating radiation are prone to leukemia? Exposing the ankle leads to a clever bag?

　　Just after first frost, a wave of cold air hit again. Some "precautions" about winter have also spread. For example, we often hear some old experiences, such as "protecting your head and preventing colds"; Cold can activate brown fat, so wearing less in winter is easy to lose weight; A WeChat article said that heating radiation should be paid attention to in winter, which may lead to leukemia. There is also an article saying that wearing ankle-length pants in winter or getting ovarian chocolate cyst … … Are these rumors really correct?

　　Myth 1: Cold can activate brown fat. Wearing less is easy to lose weight.

　　When the weather is cold, there is less exercise, and it seems more difficult to lose weight. Recently, an article said that the researchers did experiments on mice. After putting obese mice in an environment of 5 degrees Celsius for a week, they lost an average weight of 14%. So there are rumors that cold can make people thin, right?

　　"This statement is not scientific." Ma Jie, director of the Center for Prevention of Diseases of Sichuan Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, said that under the stimulation of cold, human beings will use two ways to generate heat quickly to maintain their body temperature. One is shivering to produce heat, which is commonly known as "shaking", which provides heat through the contraction of skeletal muscle. The other is non-shivering thermogenesis, also known as metabolic thermogenesis, which is mainly accomplished by lipid decomposition and oxidation in brown adipose tissue.

　　"Although brown fat has the effect of burning fat, it only exists in a large number of babies or small mammals, such as mice. In adults, only a small amount of brown fat remains, mainly in the neck. Therefore, it is unscientific for adults to lose weight by stimulating brown fat with cold. " Ma Jie said.

　　Wang Chunxiang, director of the Nutrition Department of Zhongda Hospital affiliated to Southeast University, said that although it is called "fat", the function of brown fat is more like muscle. It is responsible for decomposing white fat that causes obesity, and converting glucose and white fat into carbon dioxide, water and energy, without storing calories. Brown fat has a high thermal efficiency. A small piece of brown fat can burn a lot of calories, and even white fat stored in other parts of the body can be used as its "fuel".

　　"But brown fat is rarely distributed in the adult body." Wang Chunxiang said, "For adults, brown fat only exists on both sides of the neck, on the upper back, around the clavicle and spine, and around the great blood vessels." In a normal adult’s body, there is about 60 grams of brown fat, and through CT and other imaging comparisons, the distribution of brown fat in obese people is less than that in thin people, and the distribution of brown fat in men is less than that in young women.

　　Myth 2: Severe heating radiation can lead to childhood leukemia.

　　Heating can be said to be the standard in northern winter. Recently, a WeChat article said that severe heating radiation may cause children to suffer from leukemia. Is this statement correct?

　　Ethan, director of hematology department of the Ninth Hospital of Xi ‘an, said: "I have been a doctor for more than 20 years, and I have never met or heard that floor heating causes children to suffer from leukemia in outpatient clinics and academic conferences. At present, the pathogenesis of childhood leukemia is generally recognized as physical factors, chemicals, ionizing radiation, genetic factors and so on. Among them, ionizing radiation includes nuclear radiation, X-rays, etc. It has been medically confirmed that it can cause bone marrow suppression, cause gene mutation, and lead to leukemia, but I have never heard of the statement that floor heating causes leukemia. "

　　Li Jieping, deputy chief physician of the Department of Hematology, Changsha Central Hospital, said that the exact cause of leukemia has not yet been fully clarified. Many factors are thought to be related to the onset of leukemia.

　　"Virus may be the main factor. The leukemia effect of RNA virus on animals such as mice, cats, chickens and cows has been affirmed. Most leukemia caused by this kind of virus belongs to T cell type. The second factor is genetic factors. People with chromosomal aberrations have a higher incidence of leukemia than normal people, as well as congenital aplastic anemia, and the probability of leukemia is much higher. " Li Jieping said that in addition, radiation and radiation are also the main factors. All kinds of ionizing radiation can cause human leukemia. The occurrence of leukemia depends on the dose absorbed by the human body. The whole body or part of the body can be induced by moderate or large doses of radiation. It is still uncertain whether low doses of radiation can cause leukemia.

　　"Chemical poisons or drugs and other factors can also induce leukemia. Benzene and its derivatives, chloramphenicol, phenylbutazone, ethyldimorpholine, alkylating agents, cytotoxic drugs, etc. can induce leukemia, such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer and lung cancer after chemotherapy. It is also prone to secondary leukemia. In recent years, there have been many reports that indoor decoration and furniture and toy pollution are a major cause of the increase in the incidence of leukemia among urban children. " Li Jieping said.

　　Myth 3: Exposing your ankles and getting cold easily leads to chocolate cysts.

　　Exposing ankles has become a feature of young people’s dressing. Recently, an article said, please put down your trouser legs! A 16-year-old girl, for the sake of beauty, has been wearing ankle-length pants in winter, but she got ovarian chocolate cyst.

　　However, there is no direct evidence that there is a causal link between ankle exposure and chocolate cyst. Xiangyang, chief physician of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, said that ovarian chocolate cyst, also known as ovarian endometriosis cyst, is a pathological change of endometriosis.

　　Under normal circumstances, the endometrium grows in the uterine cavity and falls off once a month under the influence of female hormones in the body, forming menstruation. If the fragments of endometrium shed during menstrual period enter the pelvic cavity through the fallopian tube with menstrual blood countercurrent and are planted on the surface of the ovary or other parts of the pelvic cavity, ectopic endometrium is also affected by sex hormones, and it falls off and bleeds repeatedly with menstrual cycle. For example, if the lesion occurs on the ovary, there will be local bleeding during each menstrual period, which will enlarge the ovary and form a cyst containing old hematocele, that is, "ovarian chocolate cyst".

　　"Because the etiology is unclear, its histology is complicated and cannot be completely prevented. According to the possible etiology and epidemiological results, prevention can be carried out from the following aspects: preventing menstrual blood reflux; Drug contraception; Prevent iatrogenic ectopic endometrial implantation. " Xiangyang said.

　　Zhou Wei, an attending physician of obstetrics and gynecology in Xiangtan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, also said that the cause of ovarian chocolate cyst is not clear, but it is closely related to intrauterine surgery, which is mainly induced abortion. Therefore, the implementation of contraceptive measures and the elimination of induced abortion are helpful to prevent the occurrence of ovarian chocolate cysts.

　　Myth 4: It is easy to catch a cold without wearing a hat at most.

　　In winter, we often hear some old experiences, such as "protecting your head against colds". It is rumored that in winter, your head loses the most heat, and if you go out without a hat, you will obviously get colds and other diseases. Is this true?

　　"For adults, there is no necessary connection between wearing a hat and catching a cold. Wearing a hat has two functions, one is to prevent the head from catching cold, and the other is to prevent the sun from drying, which is not necessarily related to colds. " Zhang Xuan, the attending physician of the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, said that for children, the baby’s physique will not be affected by wearing a hat or not.

　　According to a survey made by American Pediatrician magazine, about 40%— 50% parents believe that low temperature will make their children catch a cold. However, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics, colds are common in cold weather because children will stay indoors more and have closer contact with other students at that time, which provides a more convenient channel for the spread of the virus.

　　The saying that "the head has more heat dissipation" can be traced back to the 1850s. The U.S. Army decided to conduct several tests in extremely cold conditions and then measure the heat lost from the body. The soldiers wore the latest polar survival equipment all over, but they didn’t wear hats. Later, the experiment found that the head did lose a considerable part of the body heat, but in this case of being fully armed and not wearing a hat, of course, the human body must first lose most of the heat through the head. So American Army scientists concluded that 40% of the human body & mdash; 45% of the heat is lost through the head.

　　However, according to an article published in the British Medical Journal, researchers from the Health Policy Center of Indiana University said, "If ‘ The head loses the most heat ’ The statement is really correct, then a person who goes out without a hat will obviously be as cold as a person who goes out without trousers, but we all know that this is obviously not the case. "