分类归档 sangna

　　CCTV News:Since Trump took office last year, Russia-US relations have not eased as expected, but the tension has intensified. Since March this year, the United States has gradually released information about possible meetings between the leaders of the two sides, but Russia has not made a clear statement. Until the 27th, Russia officially confirmed the news. On the 28th, Russia and the United States announced the specific time and place of the meeting.

　　According to the release of Russia and the United States,The meeting between Putin and Trump will be held in Helsinki, Finland on July 16th. At that time, the two sides will exchange views on bilateral relations between Russia and the United States and other international hot issues.

　　Putin: Russia-US relations are not at their best.

　　In order to coordinate the leaders’ meeting, US Presidential National Security Assistant Bolton visited Russia on the 27th. When meeting with Bolton, Putin said that Russia-US relations are not at their best at present, which is largely the result of sharp political struggles in the United States. He hoped that Bolton’s visit would be a step towards a comprehensive restart of Russia-US relations.

　　The United States frequently leaked the news, and the Russian side gave it a cold shoulder.

　　For the summit meeting between Russia and the United States, the United States frequently let loose, while Russian officials handled it cautiously, even with some indifference. The Kremlin and the Russian Foreign Ministry have neither confirmed nor denied this plan before. It was not until Putin met with Bolton on the 27th that Russian officials said that the time and place of the Russian-US summit meeting had been confirmed.

　　Just on the 21st of this month, Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov also said in response to a reporter’s question that "the upcoming Russia-US summit meeting" was deliberately leaked by the US, and Russia would not comment on this leaked news.

　　Expert: It is difficult for the summit meeting to make a big turning point in Russia-US relations.

　　As for the preparations for the summit meeting between the United States and Russia, analysts pointed out that the main purpose of planning the summit meeting is to prevent the highly tense bilateral relations from getting out of control and not to make a major turning point in Russia-US relations. Moreover, historically, US-Russian relations will experience a curve of "opening higher and going lower" after most new American presidents take office, from "restarting" in the early days of taking office to a sharp turn, and such plots have been staged repeatedly.

　　Ups and downs! Russia-US relations are like riding a roller coaster.

　　Due to Trump’s good comments on Russia during the campaign, it was once speculated that after Trump took office, the United States might reduce the pressure on Russia in order to achieve "breaking the ice" in Russia-US relations. However, this is not the case. Sometimes, the two sides are relaxed and sometimes tense. The wave of relations between the two countries is like a roller coaster.

　　In July 2017, Trump and Putin met for the first time during the G20 Hamburg Summit.

　　△ On July 7, 2017, during the G20 Hamburg Summit, US President Trump held bilateral talks with Russian President Vladimir Putin.

　　US President Trump:

　　President Putin and I discussed many things and had a very good talk. It was a very, very good talk.

　　Russian President Vladimir Putin:

　　We believe that Russia and the United States have good reasons and the two countries should reopen some cooperation.

　　But a month later, Trump signed a bill to impose additional economic sanctions on relevant individuals and entities in Russia. Subsequently, the Russian side demanded that the staff of the US diplomatic mission in Russia be reduced, and the US side also demanded that Russia close the Consulate General in San Francisco and two diplomatic facilities in Washington and new york.

　　There is a "minefield" in the relations between the two countries in eastern Ukraine on the Syrian battlefield.

　　The Syrian issue and the situation in eastern Ukraine are all "minefields" where Russia-US relations are difficult to overcome. Both Trump and Putin have said that the two sides have communicated on this and "talked very well". But the moment of "talking well" is fleeting. On the Syrian battlefield, both sides and supporting forces claimed to be attacked by the other side. On the Ukrainian issue, the two sides have started a new round of angry words.

　　The congratulatory message is not "full moon" and the United States "turns its face"

　　In March this year, after Putin was re-elected as Russian president, Trump called to congratulate Putin and mentioned the possibility of meeting the two. But before the congratulatory message was sent out, he changed his tune again. On April 11, Trump posted a message on social networking sites warning Russia to get ready, and the new smart missiles of the United States will soon hit Syria. He also said that the current US-Russian relations are in the worst period in history, even worse than during the Cold War.

　　In today’s society, there are countless people who are physically disabled and self-reliant, such as Zhang Haidi, Wu Yunduo and Tai Lihua … In ancient China, there are also many inspirational models. Some people’s contributions in a certain field even affect the development process of China’s history.

　　Zuo Qiu’s blindness "Jue has" Mandarin "

　　-Zuo Qiuming initiated the writing style of China’s history.

　　Blindness is one of the important causes of disability in ancient and modern times. In ancient times, binocular blindness was called "blindness", "blindness" and "blindness", while monocular blindness was called "paralysis", also known as lateral blindness, and the former was commonly referred to as blindness.

　　In the history of China, there are many celebrities with eye disabilities. For example, Shi Kuang, a famous musician in the pre-Qin period, was born without eyes, calling himself a "blind minister" and a "poor minister". Xia Houdun, a famous general called "The Wonder of the World" by Cao Cao in the Three Kingdoms, was called "Blind Xiahou" because he was blind in one eye. Cao Cao doesn’t discriminate against disabled people. He even married his favorite eldest daughter, qinghe princess, to the talented Rockett without one eye.

　　Li Keyong, the legendary figure in the Five Dynasties and the great ancestor of the later Tang Dynasty, was also an eye-disabled person. Because he was born with one eye missing, he was named "Cyclops". In those days, Yang Xingmi, Huainan, had never seen Li Keyong, so he sent a painter to pose as a businessman to paint a portrait. When Li Keyong was informed, he wanted to embarrass the painter intentionally, so he arrested the painter to see how the painter painted himself. The painter was very clever, and he painted Li Keyong as a military strategist. Li Keyong was very satisfied with it. He not only let the painter go, but also gave him a lot of rewards.

　　When it comes to inspiration, the most famous blind man is Zuo Qiuming, a great historian in the pre-Qin period and a blind man in Lu.

　　Anyone who is familiar with Chinese scholars does not read Zuo Zhuan and Guoyu. The editor of these two important historical books in the pre-Qin period is Zuo Qiuming. The original name of Zuo Zhuan was Zuo’s Chunqiu, and later generations combined it with Chunqiu as an interpretation work, which was called Chunqiu Zuoshi Zhuan, or Zuozhuan for short.

　　This book records some important historical events between the Zhou Dynasty and vassal states in 255 years, from the year of Lu Yin (722 BC) to the twenty-seventh year of Lu Aigong (468 BC). In addition to the importance of historical records, Zuo Zhuan also created the writing style of China’s historiography, which was highly praised by later historians and had a great influence on historians’ compilation of China’s history. For example, his "straight book without concealment" was inherited by the good history of China since Sima Qian, and became one of the basic principles of ancient history writing.

　　Zuo Zhuan pioneered the format of "gentlemen say", which provided a space for historians to express their opinions. Since Sima Qian’s Historical Records, almost all the praises in the history books were inspired and influenced by Zuo Zhuan, so Zuo Qiuming was called "the founder of China’s traditional historiography".

　　Guoyu, compiled by Zuo Qiuming, is the earliest national history of China, so it was named because it mainly recorded words. The book has 21 volumes, which respectively record the historical materials of eight countries, including Zhou, Lu, Qi, Jin, Zheng, Chu, Wu and Yue, from the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period (about 967 BC to 453 BC).

　　When writing Mandarin, Zuo Qiuming was blind. Out of a sense of historical mission and responsibility, he recorded what he had seen and heard in the past decades, the important news of various governors and the gains and losses of the monarch and his subjects, and finally compiled and edited another China historical masterpiece. Sima Qian said in the preface to Historical Records Taishigong that "Zuo Qiu was blind and lost Mandarin", and that’s what happened.

　　Not only did Zuo Qiuming’s Zuo Zhuan and Guoyu influence the study of China’s history, but his spirit of being physically disabled and striving for self-improvement was even more touching. Later generations directly referred to Zuo Qiuming as "blind history", which showed his respect for status and deep inspiration.

　　Sun Tzu’s "On the Art of War"

　　-Sun Bin’s Art of War influenced the ancient war behavior.

　　Among the disabled people in ancient times, there were more physical disabilities than those who were blind, with the largest proportion of lower limb disabilities. In ancient Chinese, the words "limp", "limp", "limp" and "limp" all refer to lower limb disabilities.

　　In ancient times, there were many celebrities with inconvenient legs and feet. For example, Bian He, who gave the famous Baoyu "He Shibi", is a disabled person who has lost both feet. Bian He’s disability is the acquired cause. According to "Everything is done wrong with him", when Bian He cut his salary on Jingshan Mountain, he occasionally got a rough jade, which was presented to King Li of Chu and Chu Wuwang successively, but the two kings didn’t know the goods, so Bian He was cut off his left foot and his right foot successively, which is called "Yesterday Bian He presented a treasure, and the king of Chu cut it off". Fortunately, King Wen of Chu knew the treasure and carved it into a world-famous "harmonious jade".

　　Bian He’s feet were cut off, which is called "torture". The punishment of strangulation is one of the ancient tortures, which ranks among the "five punishments". The other four criminal laws are "Mo", "Mo", "Gong" and "Da Bi". Gouge, also known as chop, cuts off one foot, while the other cuts off both feet.

　　Among the celebrities with lower limb disabilities in ancient times, the pre-Qin period was the most, which was because of the popularity of licking at that time. This punishment was abused to the climax in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. For Qi State when Qi Jinggong was in power, the most expensive prosthesis and the cheapest shoe were on the market at that time, which was the origin of the allusion of "being expensive and cheap" and the direct reflection of the social tragedy caused by Qi Jinggong’s abuse of the punishment.

　　Sun Bin, a famous strategist in ancient times, was "gouged out" by Wei people before his death. However, he didn’t give in to his fate. After that, he won the trust of Tian Ji, the State of Qi, and set up an ingenious plan to command the army for many times, defeating Wei Jun, another rival and strategist led by Pang Juan, and forcing him to kill Pang Juan.

　　Sun Bin, a native of Qi during the Warring States Period, was a descendant of Sun Wu, an outstanding strategist. Sun Bin studied the art of war with Pang Juan, and achieved excellent results. Later, Pang Juan was appointed as a general by Wei Huiwang. He thought that he was not as good as Sun Bin, so he set a deadly trap, tricked Sun Bin into going to Wei, and slandered him. Wei Huiwang, a fatuous man, committed a crime against Sun Bin, tattooed his face, and gouged out two kneecaps, which is the record of "cutting off his feet by law and punishment" in Biography of Sun Tzu Wu Qi in Historical Records.

　　As a result, Sun Bin became a disabled person and could never stand up again. Pang Juan wanted to make Sun Bin "want to hide" and make him depressed from now on, but Sun Bin, who suffered a great blow, did not feel depressed, but lived stronger and more valuable.

　　After Sun Bin was brought back to Qi by the envoys of Qi, Tian Ji was discerning and took in Sun Bin, and Sun Bin’s wisdom and courage were revealed. Tian Ji often shoots archery with the princes of Qi. Seeing that the upper, middle and lower third-class horses they use for racing are almost the same, it is difficult to win recklessly. So he came up with a clever plan: compare the worst horse with the best horse of the other side, compare the best horse with the average horse of the other side, and compare the average horse with the worst horse of the other side. After three races, Tian Ji won two and lost only one, which is the winning rule of "Tian Ji Horse Racing".

　　Sun Bin’s outstanding military command ability and superhuman wisdom were brought into full play in the battles of "encircling Wei to save Zhao" and changed the historical trend of China at that time.

　　Sun Bin later wrote his military experience and combat experience into a book, which is what Sima Qian called "Sun Tzu’s foot is fat, but not the art of war". Sun Bin’s Art of War was unearthed in Linyi, Shandong Province in 1974, which caused a sensation. The art of war is an important military theory in ancient times, which, together with the Art of War written by Sun Tzu, his ancestor, had a profound influence on China’s ancient military war behavior.

　　Cai Hou’s paper "Everything is used in the world"

　　-Cai Lun’s invention influenced the development of human civilization.

　　Among the disabled in ancient times, people with physical defects were often ignored. In fact, the pain of these people is not less than that of other disabled people, but more hidden. The psychological damage suffered by them is more serious than the lack of legs and eyes, and some people even think that "life is worse than death."

　　In ancient times, most celebrities with physical defects were acquired. The castration in the "five punishments" is an important reason for the great increase of people with physical disabilities in ancient times.

　　The so-called "castration" is to destroy people’s reproductive function, "men are castrated and women are claustrophobic." Castration, also known as corruption, is second only to the death penalty. Originally called "lewd punishment", it was originally aimed at promiscuous incest men and women, and was later regarded as a criminal law, which was applied to prisoners. There is no humanity in the execution.

　　Among the ancient celebrities with physical disabilities, Sima Qian, the author of Historical Records, is the most frequently mentioned.

　　Sima Qian was a famous historian in the Western Han Dynasty. In the second year of Tianhan (99 BC), Sima Qian, who was 47 years old and was appointed as a Taishiling, said a few fair words when defending Li Ling, the general who attacked Xiongnu and failed to surrender, which angered Liu Che, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, and was imprisoned. In the absence of money to atone for sin, Sima Qian "endured humiliation and lived, and asked for castration."

　　Sima Qian was in agony after his imprisonment, but he thought that "King Wen was detained to play Zhouyi, while Zhong Nieu wrote Spring and Autumn Annals, and Qu Yuan’s exile was Li Sao". Sima Qian persisted and finally completed China’s first biographical Historical Records.

　　Sima Qian’s deeds have undoubtedly become a typical example of inspiration. The group of eunuchs, a unique group of disabled people in ancient times, worshipped Sima Qian as a "grandfather".

　　Eunuchs, also known as temple people and eunuchs, have emerged one after another throughout the ages. There are also many disabled celebrities with international influence in this crowd, such as Cai Lun and Zheng He. Among them, one of the most important and outstanding contributions is Cai Lun.

　　According to "The Biography of Cai Lun in the Later Han Dynasty", Cai Lun entered the palace at an early age and became a eunuch. The Eastern Han Dynasty and Emperor Liu Zhaoshi were the constant attendants, and later he was ordered by Shang Fang. Although he is a disabled person, Cai Lun is ingenious and likes to make utensils and articles. After serving as an official order, he "supervised the secret swords and various instruments, all of which are exquisite and dense, which is the law for future generations".

　　At that time, the writing materials of the court folk were mainly silks and bamboo slips, but the former cost was too high, and the latter was inconvenient to write and read. So Cai Lun improved the original paper-making technology of crushing hemp into fibers and extrusion molding at that time, and produced the earliest paper in the world that could be used for writing. In the 17th year of Yongyuan (A.D. 105), Cai Lun presented this batch of paper to Emperor Liu Zhao, and was praised by Liu Zhao. He specially named Cai Lun as "Longtinghou" and the paper he invented was also called "Cai Hou Paper".

　　Since Cai Lun invented and improved papermaking, the world has made great contributions not only to China, but also to the development of human civilization.

　　When "Cai Hou Paper" was widely used in China, expensive sheepskin and very brittle papyrus were still used as writing materials in Europe, so westerners listed papermaking as "Four Great Inventions" in China, and modern western scholars also ranked it as "the list of 100 celebrities who influenced the historical process of mankind".

　　It should be noted that there are more disabled people in ancient China who have played an important role in the process of human history and civilization.

　　(Ni Fangliu)

(Source: Beijing Evening News)

Xinhua News Agency, Jinan, July 30thQuestion: How to deepen the "focus" of medical reform and make the medical service system from "having" to "excellent"?

Xinhua News Agency reporters Dong Ruifeng and Li Zhihao

China’s average life expectancy has increased to 78.2 years, and it has built the largest basic medical security network in the world, and its main health indicators are in the forefront of middle-and high-income countries … For more than a decade, China has continuously deepened the reform of the medical and health system, and made efforts to solve the problem of people’s difficulty and expensive medical treatment.

At present, what are the key tasks for deepening medical reform? In what areas are ordinary people expected to continue to enhance their sense of gain? At the 2023 National Experience Promotion Conference on Deepening Medical Reform and China Health Development Conference held in Jinan, Shandong Province from July 29th to 30th, many industry experts took stock of the list of previous medical reforms and looked forward to the next stage "road map".

Can there be more quality medical services at home?

Promoting "serious illness can be solved in this province, common diseases can be solved in cities and counties, and headaches and brain fever can be solved in towns and villages" is an important goal of deepening medical reform.

At present, China has identified 125 national regional medical center construction projects, and the medical service "highland" covers all provinces with weak resources. In 2021, the first batch of inter-provincial medical treatment for related specialties of national regional medical centers decreased by 9.3% compared with 2019.

"The national regional medical center has basically completed the planning and layout, and the next step is to promote the establishment of a management system and operational mechanism that is compatible with it." Zhu Hongbiao, a first-class inspector of the System Reform Department of the National Health and Wellness Commission, said.

Balanced layout of high-quality medical resources, the level of diagnosis and treatment at the grassroots level is also constantly improving. By the end of 2022, 87.71% of county hospitals in China had reached the basic standard of medical service capacity, and more than 30,000 township hospitals and community health service centers had reached the standard of service capacity.

Zhu Hongbiao said that in the future, we will continue to plan and build provincial regional medical centers, continuously improve the medical level of cities and counties, strengthen the capacity building of community and rural medical and health services, improve the system and mechanism for promoting graded diagnosis and treatment, and promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese medicine.

Focusing on the long-term, it is necessary to deepen the reform of public hospitals oriented to public welfare and develop and strengthen the medical and health team in order to let the people enjoy more high-quality medical services at their doorstep.

Previously, the national public hospitals have cancelled the addition of drugs and medical consumables respectively. How to consolidate the public welfare foundation of public hospitals, at the same time, ensure the source of salary of public hospital staff and mobilize the enthusiasm of medical staff has become an urgent task. "The next step is to continuously consolidate and improve the new operating mechanism." Zhu Hongbiao said.

How to reduce the burden of individual self-payment of ordinary people?

According to the latest funding standard of basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents in 2023, the per capita financial subsidy standard is 640 yuan per person per year. Ten years ago, this standard was 280 yuan.

Statistics show that in recent years, China’s government health expenditure and social health expenditure have continued to increase, and the proportion of personal health expenditure in total health expenditure has continued to drop to 27.7%.

"But the money that some ordinary people actually took out of their pockets for medical treatment did not feel significantly reduced." Xu Shuqiang, dean of China Hospital Development Research Institute of Shanghai Jiaotong University, said that an important reason is that the expenses beyond the reimbursement scope of basic medical insurance are still heavy.

On the one hand, we must continue to solve the problem of expensive medical treatment, on the other hand, the price of medical services is low, and some medical institutions have losses. How to solve the problem?

Not long ago, with the consent of the State Council, the National Health and Wellness Commission and other six departments jointly issued "Key Tasks for Deepening the Reform of Medical and Health System in the Second Half of 2023", which clearly proposed to promote the orderly connection of multi-level medical security.

Shanghai launched customized commercial medical insurance "Huhuibao" based on the rule of "employees in this city voluntarily use the surplus funds of medical insurance personal accounts over the years to purchase commercial medical insurance". In 2021, the number of insured people reached 7.39 million, and by the end of 2022, the accumulated compensation was 790 million yuan, which became an effective supplement to basic medical insurance and helped people to "reduce the burden" of seeing a doctor.

On the basis of realizing the full coverage of long-term care insurance for employees, Shandong Province started the pilot project of long-term care insurance for residents in 2022. At present, the number of long-term care insurance participants in the province has reached 41.12 million, ranking first in the country, which better meets the long-term care needs of severely disabled people.

Xu Shuqiang believes that deepening medical reform should not only make people spend less and less money from their own pockets, but also promote the development of public hospitals. We can consider more reform measures in which medical expenses are paid by third parties. While continuing to play the basic role of medical insurance fund, we will actively promote the development of inclusive commercial medical insurance, commercial health insurance and long-term care insurance.

How to "use good medicine" and "supply good medicine"

At present, a new round of medical insurance drug list adjustment is under way, focusing on children’s drugs and drugs for rare diseases.

In recent years, with the implementation of many measures, such as medical insurance drug catalogue access negotiation and centralized quantity procurement, 341 new drugs have been included in the catalogue at suitable prices, and the average price of centralized drugs has been reduced by more than 50%, saving about 300 billion yuan.

According to Jin Chunlin, director of the Shanghai Health and Healthy Development Research Center, the preparatory work for centralized procurement is more adequate, the scheme design is more rigorous, and the drugs and medical consumables that benefit the people are more abundant.

According to the data of the National Medical Insurance Bureau, centralized purchasing not only promotes the price reduction of drugs, but also makes the proportion of original drugs and drugs evaluated by the consistency of generic quality and efficacy exceed 90%, and the accessibility of high-quality drugs is greatly improved.

Support drug R&D and innovation, regularly carry out centralized procurement of drugs and medical consumables, strengthen drug supply guarantee and quality supervision … Focus on reform and innovation in the medical field, and a series of key tasks will be continuously promoted in the second half of this year to ensure "good supply of drugs" and "good use of drugs".

The relevant person in charge of the Department of Restructuring of the National Health and Wellness Commission said that this year, all provinces will be instructed to carry out centralized procurement of drugs and consumables at least once, and it is required to achieve a total of 450 drugs collected at the national and provincial levels before the end of the year.

In addition, it is understood that promoting the coordination and integration of medical care and prevention, promoting the reform of disease prevention and control system, and improving the capacity of public health services will also be important contents of deepening medical reform in the next stage, and a series of guiding documents are expected to be issued this year.

　　Cctv newsXiong Jianping, male, born in September 1973 in Chaohu, Anhui Province, holds a master’s degree in military science and a doctor’s degree in history. He now works in the School of International Relations, National University of Defense Technology. His main research interests are China’s ancient military history and The Art of War, and he has presided over and participated in many national-level projects. His works include Sun Tzu’s New Research: Focusing on Bamboo Slips of tapiscia sinensis Mountain, Research on Sun Tzu’s Intelligence Thought, History of Sun Tzu’s Art of War, Control of Power: military department, Royal Guards: Distorted State Apparatus, Shadow: Assassins and Spies in Ancient China, History of Ancient Spy Wars, etc., and he co-authored The History of China’s Military Thought. Published more than 70 papers.

　　Cheng Lei, correspondent of China Meteorological News, reported. At 17: 15 on October 8, Dandong City, Liaoning Province issued the first blue warning signal of frost in autumn. It is expected that there will be frost or frost in Fengcheng City and Kuandian County in the early morning of the 9 th. The latest data shows that the temperature in many towns and villages has dropped to freezing point, and strong cooling has a negative impact on agricultural autumn harvest.

　　In view of this large-scale severe cooling weather, the municipal meteorological department attached great importance to it, strengthened duty watch, encrypted observation by business personnel, strengthened weather consultation between upstream and downstream, and timely released forecast and warning and the latest weather situation to municipal leaders, relevant units and the public through early warning platforms, meteorological information display screens, Weibo and radio stations, and put forward reasonable suggestions on the harvesting of rice, open-field melon and fruit crops, autumn vegetables, flowers, flue-cured tobacco and fruit trees, so as to minimize the harm caused by frost.

　　(Editor: Liu Jia)

　　I can’t sleep. Do you have any medicine? "Some time ago, a news that" taking melatonin for a long time will lead to infertility "went on a hot search, which opened the public’s topic about insomnia. Recently, initiated by the Psychiatric Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and the People’s Daily Health Times, Lingbei Company supported the "Sunshine Mind, Workplace Peer — — The Green Ribbon Action for Caring for the Mental Health of the Workplace Population was held in Guangzhou. Gong Meien, chief physician of the Department of Psychology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Zhang Lulu, chief physician of the Department of Psychiatry of the First People’s Hospital of Guangzhou, gave a popular science lecture on depression. Experts remind that people who suffer from insomnia for a long time are prone to depression, and melatonin health products derived from food actually have little effect on improving insomnia symptoms.

　　Insomnia is related to many factors.

　　Liang Kuan (pseudonym), born in 1990s, has been suffering from insomnia for several months. "I can’t sleep, but I wake up easily when I sleep, feeling very anxious, and my mood is easily agitated during the day, which makes me unable to work."

　　Zhang Lulu introduced that insomnia is very common in clinic, and the survey from International Sleep Day shows that 45.4% people in China have insomnia.

　　There are many reasons for insomnia, including external environmental factors, genetic factors, taking certain drugs, bad living habits and so on. Among them, insomnia accompanied by mental illness and physical illness, such as schizophrenia and depression, and physical diseases such as cardiovascular disease, digestive system disease, respiratory system disease and Parkinson’s disease, is also one of the causes of insomnia.

　　Zhang Lulu pointed out that people with chronic insomnia have three times the risk of depression as normal people. 34.6% of depressed patients are accompanied by insomnia. It can be said that depression and insomnia are mutually causal, forming a vicious circle.

　　According to statistics, the incidence of insomnia is 20%— 50%, women are higher than men. With the increase of age, the central nervous system will undergo degenerative changes, and the elderly will have symptoms such as sleep rhythm disorder and night sleep. There is evidence that insomnia can reduce the elderly’s evaluation of their own health and increase the risk of depression, which can cause cognitive decline and increase the risk of dementia. It will also affect immunity, and the immunity of patients with long-term insomnia will decrease, and their risks of colds and infections will increase; The risk of cardiovascular disease increases, and some studies suggest that insomnia will also affect the digestive system, which will cause indigestion and even increase the incidence of digestive tract ulcers.

　　Gong Meien reminded that emotional symptoms of depression are easily concerned, but physical symptoms and cognitive symptoms are often ignored. "The number of 400 numbers in the psychology department of our hospital is in short supply every day, and most of them are referred from gastroenterology and cardiovascular departments." Patients with depression sometimes show insomnia, loss of appetite or palpitation, palpitation and chest tightness, but patients can’t solve the problem by turning to various departments. In addition, depression can also lead to memory loss (always unable to remember), attention loss (always distracted at work), slow mental movement (slow response, unable to keep up with other people’s thinking), and impaired executive function (indecision, difficulty in making decisions, and serious procrastination). These cognitive symptoms may appear before other symptoms of depression. Cognitive impairment will seriously affect the social function of patients and may also bring more serious emotional symptoms.

　　Melatonin health care products tend to have "comfort effect"

　　The treatment of insomnia requires the right medicine. For example, insomnia caused by depression and anxiety disorder needs to be treated in psychiatric department in time for anti-depression and anti-anxiety treatment.

　　The drugs for insomnia mainly include traditional benzodiazepines, such as estazolam, alprazolam, lorazepam and clonazepam, and non-benzodiazepines, such as zolpidem, zobiclone and zaleplon. Severe insomnia can be improved by drugs.

　　Recently, some media reported that there are 200 million insomnia patients in China, and many insomnia patients turn to melatonin for help in falling asleep. According to the data of an e-commerce platform, from January to August this year, 62% of the total consumers bought imported sleep aid products after 1990s, and 85% consumed melatonin products after 1990s. Some doctors pointed out that taking melatonin products in large quantities for a long time will cause side effects such as hypothermia, infertility, and reducing male physiological desires.

　　In this regard, Zhang Lulu introduced that melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, reaching its peak at two or three in the morning. The level of melatonin at night directly affects the quality of sleep. "Melatonin drugs can play a role because it can act on the central nervous system of the brain through the blood-brain barrier. However, melatonin health care products or foods sold online actually have few active ingredients, and the proportion that can pass through the blood-brain barrier is very low, which has little improvement for insomnia patients. But for people who only have insomnia symptoms, eating such melatonin products will have certain effects, mainly because there is still a small amount of melatonin acting on the brain, and the second is psychological suggestion. "

　　Experts say that the melatonin sustained-release drug used in clinic to treat insomnia is a prescription drug, which needs to be applied under the guidance of a doctor and will not have a devastating impact on the fertility of patients. "More objectively, some individuals may have reduced physiological needs and male sexual dysfunction after using such drugs, but they will not lose their fertility or have an impact on sperm. Most patients are also reversible after stopping taking the drugs."

　　■ Expert advice

　　Non-drug intervention therapy

　　Effective methods for insomnia

　　Zhang Lulu pointed out that non-drug intervention in the treatment of insomnia is also very important, including maintaining a comfortable bedroom environment, free from interference from light and sound, maintaining the best sleep temperature (16℃-20℃), and not being too cold or too hot; Exercise regularly, but try not to exercise 3 hours before going to bed; Eat regularly, don’t go to bed on an empty stomach, eat a small amount of snacks before going to bed, but avoid too greasy or indigestible food; Avoid drinking alcohol, strong tea, coffee, smoking, etc. When you can’t sleep, don’t force yourself. You can help yourself to sleep by imagining relaxation, breathing relaxation, muscle relaxation, or listening to sleep-helping music before going to bed. Insomnia patients can eat Ziziphus jujuba seeds, lilies, longan, lotus seeds, propolis, etc. every day, all of which have the effect of relieving depression and calming the nerves. (Nanfang Daily reporter Yan Huifang)