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Beauty cosmetics： research and development enhance product strength, and large single products tamp the moat.

Beauty cosmetics grow in differentiation and gain momentum in evolution: summary and prospect of 2021 annual report and 2022 first quarterly report

In 2021, A-share brand beauty enterprises showed high growth and strong consumption resilience as a whole; In 2022Q1, under the influence of local epidemic, the growth and profitability of various companies intensified and differentiated, and Betani/Huaxi/Polaiya performed significantly better than the industry. Looking forward to the whole year of 2022, it is expected that research and development will enhance the product strength, and large single products will consolidate the moat; Digging deep into the channel stock and actively grasping the increment are the common efforts of the industry. Huaxi Bio, Polaiya, Betani, Kos and Jiaheng Jahwa are mainly recommended.

▍ In 2021, six A-share brand beauty companies:

The operating income all achieved positive growth, with the total operating income of+33.1% year-on-year, and the growth rate of Huaxi biological functional skin care products ranked first, with+146.6%, showing high growth and strong consumption resilience as a whole; The total attributable net profit was+8.8% year-on-year, and Bettini’s growth rate was the highest, at+58.8%; The gross profit rate is 58.7% ~ 79.0%, and the gross profit rate of Zhonghua Xi biological skin care products ranks first; The overall sales expense rate is on the rise, among which the promotion expense accounts for the largest proportion in the expense breakdown, and the promotion expense rates of Huaxi/Polaiya/Betani are 36.3%/36.1%/31.1% respectively; The R&D expense ratio is 1.7% ~ 5.7%, and Huaxi’s R&D expense ratio far exceeds the industry average. The net interest rates of Betaine/Huaxi (overall)/Marumi/Polaiya are 21.5%/15.7%/13.5%/12.0% respectively. 2022Q1: The income, profit growth rate and profitability differentiation of brand companies have increased, and Betani/Huaxi/Polaiya performed significantly better than the industry.

▍ China beauty market: low penetration rate, low concentration, large room for single brand growth, multi-brand and collectivization are still in the initial stage.

According to Euromonitor data, in 2021, the per capita consumption of beauty care in China is about 405 yuan, and that in the United States/South Korea/Japan/Europe is about 1,995/1,630/1,597/1,248 yuan respectively; In 2021, the retail sales of beauty cosmetics and personal care in China will be about 33.3%, while those in Korea/the United States/Japan/Western Europe will be about 49.8%/41.1%/36.8%/35.8% respectively. In 2021, the market sales of L ‘Oré al Group, Estee Lauder Group and Shiseido Group in China were about 69.8 billion yuan, 30.8 billion yuan and 19.9 billion yuan respectively, while the leading enterprises in China generally did not exceed the terminal scale of 10 billion yuan. From the perspective of single brand, in 2021, the retail sales of L ‘Oré al Paris, Lancome and Estee Lauder in China market will be 23.4 billion yuan, 17.8 billion yuan and 15.8 billion yuan respectively, while the multi-brand and collectivization of China’s beauty products are generally still in the initial stage; In the next five years, China beauty brands will go to sea as the general trend; In 2021, the global sales of L ‘Oré al Group and Estee Lauder Group were 349.8 billion yuan and 126.8 billion yuan respectively. The global sales of single brand L ‘Oré al Paris was 92.1 billion yuan, Lancome was 43.4 billion yuan and Estee Lauder was 35.9 billion yuan.

▍ China Beauty Evolution and Trend: R&D enhances product strength, and large single products tamp the moat; Dig deep into the channel stock and actively grasp the increment.

At present, the consumption upgrade has temporarily encountered a phased bottleneck, consumers are more rational in purchasing beauty products, and product strength plays a more important role in purchasing decisions; After several years of accumulation, the product strength of local brands has generally increased. Huaxi Bio and Betani have driven product innovation with raw material innovation in their respective tracks, gradually forming China beauty features and consumer minds; Huaxi follows the path of "science → technology → product → brand", and it is expected to maintain the R&D expenditure rate of about 6% in the future, or create its own "Bose Cause" and "Pitera" of China beauty brand; Bettini strengthens the geographical "franchise value" based on the characteristic plants of Yunnan alpine-it is difficult to imitate, and it is even more impossible to copy. Polaiya’s big single product strategy has entered the harvest period, and Betani Winona, Huaxi Runbaiyan /BM Muscle Activity and other big single products have achieved remarkable results in promoting sales, raising profits and fixing stickiness. In 2021, the proportion of online income is: Proya 85% > Betani 82% > Huaxi Bio * 78% > Marubi 60% > shanghai jahwa 42%. As far as Amoy Department is concerned, the volume of local brands is still far lower than that of international head brands. Digging deep into Amoy Department and grasping emerging channels such as Tik Tok are the common paths for local leaders to continue to increase their share.

▍ Risk factors:

Under the repeated local epidemic, residents’ willingness to buy declined, affecting optional consumption such as beauty; International brands make great efforts to promote sales through multiple channels, eroding the share of local brands; New product sales failed to meet expectations; Traffic, product promotion, etc. erode performance.

▍ Investment strategy.

Looking forward to the whole year of 2022, the local beauty industry chain in China will continue to evolve and move forward: although the growth rate of the industry has slowed down, the growth rate is still in the forefront of all kinds of consumer goods, and there is a broad space for a long time.

Main line 1: Relying on R&D and track product strength, strong operational capability, emerging channels and other factors, the differentiation will be further enhanced, and multi-brand and collectivization will also enter a new stage. Huaxi Bio (functional skin care products maintain high growth and profitability tends to improve), Polaiya (big single product strategy enters the harvest period, and the second brand Caitang grows at a high speed) and Betaine (main brand Winona has high barriers and is a new brand. It is suggested to pay attention to the development of Marubi and Lushang.

Main line 2: With the implementation of the new regulations, the beauty supply chain has greatly improved the industry threshold, and the concentration trend is upward. It is mainly recommended that Kesi shares, the beneficiary of the new regulations at the raw material end, and Jiaheng Jahwa, the beneficiary of the improvement of the competitive pattern.

This article comes from financial circles.

Visiting the First Baseball Village in China： How does a ＂baseball＂ incite rural development？

Baseball hall experience hitting baseball photo by Hu Fengsheng

Jiaxing, China, May 10 (Hu Fengsheng, Liu Mengru) Xujiadai Village, located in Lindai Town, pinghu city, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, was once a well-known pig-raising village, but now it has turned into the "No.1 Baseball Village in China". What is the development mystery hidden in it?

On May 10th, the reporter went into Xujiadai village to find the answer to the punching place of baseball in online celebrity, a remote village.

"Misplaced Development" Seeking Opportunities

The commentator explained at the baseball stadium. Photo by Hu Fengsheng

Liu Jianqun, Party Secretary of Xujiadai Village, is known as the "baseball secretary". In fact, before becoming a village cadre, Liu Jianqun worked as a professional manager for 12 years, and it was this professional experience that made him keenly capture new opportunities for rural development. When dealing with local Japanese enterprises and enterprises in Taiwan Province, China, Liu Jianqun found that baseball is a sport that many executives and employees are keen on, but because there is no venue in Pinghu, they often need to drive to Shanghai to play.

Why not seize this opportunity and aim at the baseball market? The idea took root in Liu Jianqun’s heart.

After a deep understanding of baseball, Liu Jianqun made it clear that this is the ideal direction for the development of Xujiadai Village: "In China, baseball is still relatively small, so we can’ misplace development’ and do something’ no one has me’. Since we want to revitalize the countryside, we must revitalize our characteristics." He embedded sports in rural revitalization.

In November 2018, the Xujiadai Baseball Base was completed, becoming the first "country baseball field" for young people in China that meets the standards. At the same time, Liu Jianqun traveled to Beishangguang and other places to contact and undertake baseball games. In 2019, the first event, the Yangtze River Delta Deer League Baseball Game, was ushered in, which was the first appearance of Xujiadai Baseball Base.

Since then, the village has successively hosted more than 30 national and provincial baseball and softball competitions, and has been promoted to the U10 training base of China Junior Baseball, gaining the reputation of "the first baseball village in China".

Baseball field not only enriches the daily life in the countryside, but also develops a juvenile baseball team that has won trophies frequently in national and provincial competitions. Chen Jingyan was one of the 24 players selected by Lin Dai Xiaolong People’s Baseball Team when it was first established. He was successfully selected into the main list of the National Youth Baseball Team in this year’s U15 national youth baseball team selection activity, and was also the only player finally selected in Zhejiang.

Deep integration promotes development

Visit the baseball field on the spot. Photo by Hu Fengsheng

In the changeable market environment, Liu Jianqun is more and more aware of the importance of the vertical development of the baseball industry, and set out to build a "baseball culture experience hall" to broaden the boundaries of the baseball industry in Xujiadai Village.

In order to improve the supporting facilities of baseball base, Xujiadai Village expropriated idle houses and transformed them into seven baseball theme homestays. At the same time, the first comprehensive baseball culture exhibition hall integrating baseball display and sales, product research and development, experience and entertainment will be built in China to further strengthen the baseball culture atmosphere.

Liu Jianqun transferred the idea of running a company to running a village, and established Jiaxing Country Garden Culture and Sports Tourism Development Co., Ltd. in Xujiadai Village, adopting the model of "company+social capital+villagers", allowing villagers to participate in the company’s operation and share dividends, so as to help them increase their income.

In recent years, the baseball field has continuously strengthened industrial attraction, promoted the construction of key projects such as adult baseball field and catering complex, fully activated the development potential, empowered beautiful countryside with sports, endowed the urban and rural features with beauty, and promoted the common prosperity of the United States.

Xujiadai Village skillfully combines baseball culture with rural tourism to create a village-level rural garden complex scenic spot integrating leisure sightseeing, catering accommodation, baseball games (training) and folk experience, and has successively attracted Spark Farm, Dayin Farm, Eight Bowls of Catering, Wulu B&B and other projects to enter the scenic spot to promote the deep integration of agriculture, culture and tourism.

With the baseball industry getting better and better, baseball is gradually integrated into the lives of local villagers. "We have introduced baseball into students’ daily after-school evening care, and students in evening care can practice baseball for one hour every day." Mo Yun, a member of the Party Committee of Linyi Town, introduced.

It is reported that starting from May this year, Xujiadai Village is about to enter a four-month competition season, and several competitions, such as the 2023 "Jinping Lake Cup" cross-strait youth slow softball invitational tournament, the U10 Group of the National Junior Baseball Championship, and the baseball and softball of the 10th Jiaxing Sports Meeting, are about to start fierce competition and competition in this baseball field. (End)

After the China Women’s World Cup debacle, it was a record hot and free cold and cheerless.

Original title: Record-setting fiery and free cold and cheerless after the China Women’s World Cup debacle.

BEIJING, Beijing, August 22 (Reporter Bian Liqun) The 2023 ANZ Women’s World Cup has come to an end. Spain beat England 1-0 and won the first Women’s World Cup.

In the last World Cup, China women’s football team was able to barely draw 0-0 against Spain in the same group.

However, in this World Cup, in the midst of great changes in the world women’s football pattern, the women’s football team in China, which was eliminated after a 1-6 defeat in the group stage, seemed to be at a loss, and even felt more and more powerless when China men’s football team fought in international competitions.

A female football practitioner told reporters frankly that the development trend of women’s football in China is not as good as that of men’s football.

"The world men’s soccer team has entered a period of stable development, and there will not be much pattern change. At most, people will take five steps and we will take two steps. However, the world women’s football team is developing rapidly. Now foreign countries are making 10 steps forward, and we are only making one step forward. "

At this World Cup, the China Women's Football Team and the English Women's Football Team entered the stadium. China News Service reporter Futian photo

Hot & cold

After the China Women’s Football World Cup group match, the Women’s Super League has been played for two rounds. Wang Shanshan, Zhang Xin and other international players have already appeared on the field, and China women’s football coach Shui Qingxia has also started a new round of player inspection.

International players Li Mengwen and Tang Jiali will start another journey to study abroad: the former will move from Ligue 1 to the Premier League with more intense competition and join the Brighton women’s football team; The latter re-entered La Liga and joined the women’s football team in Las pallas, levante.

It is understood that there will be several women’s football players studying in overseas leagues in the future, including many international players.

Spanish players celebrate winning the World Cup.

In this World Cup, England and Spain in the finals and the domestic women’s football league have developed rapidly.

The La Liga, where Tang Jiali, a player studying abroad, is located, has contributed as many as 74 international players to this women’s World Cup. She has made more contributions to the Premier League before studying abroad, with nearly 100 people.

In terms of the number of spectators, the average number of women’s football players in the Premier League last season was 5,099. The North London Derby between Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur attracted as many as 47,367 people to watch the game.

In the women’s Champions League quarter-final held in March last year, the "national derby" between Barcelona women’s football team and Real Madrid women’s football team flooded into as many as 91,553 spectators.

Spanish fans celebrate the Spanish Women's World Cup.

At home, the attention of all parties to women’s football still mostly stays at the level of the national team.

According to the data from FIFA, the life-and-death battle between China women’s football team and English women’s football team broke the single country’s viewing record in the history of the Women’s World Cup with 59.3 million viewers.

On the day before the Women’s World Cup final, Beijing Women’s Football Team and Henan Zhongyuan Women’s Football Team fought a relegation battle. In the end, the Beijing women’s football team won 1-0, fled the relegation zone after two consecutive victories and climbed to the seventh place in the league. However, only 688 people watched the key battle.

The threshold for watching the Beijing women’s football match at home is very low, and the audience can enter the stadium for free by scanning the code at the door. Even so, the audience can barely support the three stands of Xiannongtan Stadium.

Beijing women's football team and Henan women's football team are in the game. Zhongxin. com reporter Yan Liqun photo

"The first home fans this season were the most (1995), and then they were less. However, after the Women’s World Cup, I feel that there are obviously more fans at home. To be honest, one-third of our audience at home are family members or friends, and there are very few fans who really come to watch the ball. " Beijing women’s football coach Yu Yun told reporters.

It is worth mentioning that on the same night of the women’s football match in Beijing, the Super League Beijing Guoan and Shanghai Shenhua started a focus battle, and the workers poured into 52,500 spectators, setting a record for domestic football matches this year.

At the Beijing women’s football scene, many fans wore Beijing Guoan jerseys to watch the game. After watching the women’s super match in the afternoon, they switched to the Super League in the evening.

A fan told reporters with emotion: "Fortunately, the time of the two games did not coincide, otherwise there would be fewer fans at home for the Beijing Women’s Football Team …"

Not only Beijing, but also Shanghai, Jinan and Wuhan, where the football atmosphere is relatively strong, are facing the same situation.

As of the 12th round, the average audience at home of the Women’s Super League was only 1273. In the most deserted sixth round, the average audience was only 672.

Statistics on the number of spectators in the 12th round of the Women's Super League. Image source: German transfer market website

sparks of fire

The coldness of the women’s super league is not only due to the lack of attention from "competition fans", but also due to the lack of attention from all parties, competition promotion and competition quality.

Some fans said with emotion: "There is really too little publicity for the Women’s Super League. Sometimes I want to go to the scene to watch the Women’s Super League. I don’t know when there will be a competition or how to buy tickets."

Some fans also suggested: "The women’s super competition should be held in the stadium of the super team in the same city. On the one hand, the hardware conditions of the game are better, and more importantly, there are relatively many fans around the stadium, which can let more people know that there are women’s football teams and women’s super leagues in this city. "

Beijing Women's Football Stadium-Xiannongtan Stadium. Zhongxin. com reporter Yan Liqun photo

At present, the female super league teams are seriously polarized. Wuhan Women’s Football Team, Shanghai Women’s Football Team, Changchun Women’s Football Team and Jiangsu Women’s Football Team, with the blessing of the national team players, formed a championship-fighting group with a fault advantage, and the other eight teams formed a relegation group.

As of the 12th round, the 5th Shandong women’s football team is 11 points away from the 4th Jiangsu women’s football team, but only 8 points higher than the bottom Henan women’s football team. As for the quality of league matches, it is uneven and generally slow.

Women's Super standings (12th round). Image source: Women's Super League

Although the development of women’s super is not satisfactory, there are still persistent fans.

This season, Meng Xiang, born after 1980s, took his wife and daughter to watch most of the home games of Beijing women’s football team.

"There are more young players in the team this year. When I come to watch the game, I actually look at their growth and hard work on the court, not winning or losing. I think football in China is less utilitarian, and so are fans. Don’t just watch losing and winning. " Meng Xiang said.

Liu Han, born in the 1990s, entered the women’s super stadium for the first time after the Women’s World Cup. "The atmosphere was better than expected, the game was friendly and the players focused on playing football. Even if the game is not smooth, they will not send their grievances to teammates, opponents or referees. "

"I feel a little distressed, too. The players came by themselves to carry water and collect the ball. The team didn’t do these team tasks, and even the big screen on the spot was broken, but they deserved better conditions." She said.

The unique "sense of ceremony" of the women’s super stadium also made Liu Han very touched. After the game, the players will collectively bow to the coaches, referees and spectators in each stand and interact with the fans. These make her feel that she has no sense of distance from the players and is very grounded.

After the game, the players interacted with the fans. Zhongxin. com reporter Yan Liqun photo

When talking about the persistence and support of the fans, Beijing women’s football coach Yu Yun was very moved.

"I think Beijing fans are really good. They don’t support if they win, but they don’t support if they lose. The team lost five consecutive games at home and didn’t score a goal. The pressure was very great, but I didn’t hear fans swearing at the players and calling me’ class’. They really supported the team from the heart. "

Data map: Beijing women's football coach Yu Yun leads the team in the game. Image source: Osports full sports photo agency

Do your own thing.

Although it is an old-fashioned women’s football club, the survival situation of Beijing women’s football is not optimistic. This season is their third season without sponsors. Yu Yun admits that at present, the living conditions of many women’s super teams are worse than theirs.

Faced with all kinds of difficulties, Beijing women’s football team has never given up "survival" in recent years. Yu Yun revealed that in the future, it may cooperate with a sports industry company, and the other party will conduct business development for the club.

On the competitive level, the Beijing women’s football team with low investment this season is mainly young players. Fortunately, due to the backing of Xiannongtan Sports School, the relatively complete women’s football youth training system here can provide talent support for the team.

Through competition opportunities, many players have grown. For example, Pan Hongyan, who is only 18 years old, was selected as the third goalkeeper in China Women’s World Cup. Wang Yanwen, who was selected for the China Women’s Football Team, recently returned from injury and has scored goals to help the Beijing Women’s Football Team win in two consecutive games.

Wang Yanwen signed autographs for the fans in the stands. Zhongxin. com reporter Yan Liqun photo

"Like the men’s soccer team in China, we still want to do a good job in the league, and we still hope to take measures to make our league more exciting and of higher quality, and at the same time, we should better combine it with youth training and campus football. The national team is a face, but it is impossible to talk about it without the support of a high-level league. "

"Nowadays, many players are studying abroad to improve themselves on a high-level platform. Players studying abroad like Zhang Linyan, Shen Mengyu and Yang Lina have really improved significantly. This is the role of the league. Of course, we still have to walk on multiple legs. We can’t just rely on the women’s super league, nor can we all go overseas to study abroad, or we must combine the specific circumstances. " Yu Yun appealed.

Yuan Hang (a pseudonym), a domestic female football practitioner, told reporters that the operating cost of domestic women’s super clubs is not high at present. A strong team with 2-3 international players and foreign aid, the cost of the whole season is about 20-25 million. If you want to maintain a basic state of existence, it is enough to invest 10 million yuan every year.

Shoupeng Wang (right) and Zhang Linyan celebrate the goal in the World Cup. Image source: IC photo

China women’s football team stood at the forefront after the 1-6 defeat in England, which led to the elimination of the World Cup group stage. However, the foundation of domestic women’s football development is such that China women’s football is doomed to be at a loss in the great changes of the world women’s football pattern.

Yu Yun said frankly that the gap between all parties is obvious now. No matter who plays or coaches, it will not change much.

"Players, coaches, everyone still do their own thing, and the football decision-making level should also have a clear idea. Whether we walk fast or slow, we must always walk on the right path. Maybe there will be some deviations in the process, which can be corrected, but you can’t walk and start to go back. "

"The German women’s football team didn’t do well in this World Cup, and there may be a problem of concept, or we should develop football according to the original old ideas. But I believe that they will adjust, and then they will soon become the world’s top teams. I hope that we are the same. We can’t deny something right because of a game or one thing of the national team, or look farther. " Yu Yun said.

China women's football team in the World Cup. China News Service reporter Futian photo

Regarding the development of women’s football in China, Yuan Hang said: "Now men’s football and women’s football in the world are becoming more and more assimilated. Not to mention England and Spain, many people may have disdained Portuguese women’s football in the past, but this time they participated in the World Cup for the first time and almost forced the traditional strong team American women’s football out in the group stage."

"So in the context of the changes in the world women’s football pattern, we can’t always emphasize the spirit and environment. Practitioners should first think about whether they have done professional things."

(Some interviewees are pseudonyms)

186 million in 3 years! Heavy eyebrows renew Lakers contract with maximum salary ahead of schedule, setting a record.

On August 5th, Beijing time, according to the famous NBA reporter Wo Shen, Lakers star Anthony Davis and the Lakers reached a three-year maximum salary renewal of $186 million.

There are still two years left in the contract between Thick Eyebrows and the Lakers, totaling $83.8 million. In the offseason this year, Thick Eyebrows can reach a three-year contract with the Lakers to renew the contract with the highest salary.

Today, Thick Eyebrows and the Lakers reached this three-year maximum salary renewal of $186 million. Together with the original contract, his contract with the Lakers has five years and $270 million left.

Heavy eyebrows’ new maximum salary renewal contract started from the 2025-26 season, with a starting salary of $57.6 million, and the last year of the 2027-28 season was $66.8 million.

The average salary of this contract reached $62 million, setting a record for the highest average salary in the NBA.

[Express] With the help of German businessmen, Cristiano Ronaldo may return to Europe to join Bayern.

Sunday mirror

Businessman Markus Schon sent an email to Bayern CEO Oliver Kahn to explore an unusual transaction, which may provide funds for Cristiano Ronaldo to join Bayern Munich this summer. Schon said: "If our company is promised to facilitate this transaction, we will pay the transfer fee or rental fee, and it will exceed a certain basic amount. Under the conditions of commitment, we hope to get benefits from selling players’ jerseys to reduce financial risks. "

Paris Saint-Germain is interested in Napoli striker Victor Osim, while Nigerians are more keen to move to the Premier League. Manchester United signed the striker in the lead this summer.

Rome plans to make two major transfers to Lyon star Houssem Aouar and Frankfurt defender Evan N’Dicka this summer to persuade Jose Mourinho to stay and get rid of Paris Saint-Germain’s attention.

Sunday times

Spanish giants Barcelona offered Ilkay Gundogan a two-year contract with the option to renew it for another year, and held several rounds of negotiations with his representatives to ensure a free transfer at the end of this season. However, it is reported that Gundogan is considering renewing the contract after Manchester City initially offered the midfielder a one-year contract and is now willing to offer a longer one.

Sunday sun

If David De Gea agrees to a pay cut, he will get a new contract at Manchester United, which will reduce the current base salary of 375,000 pounds per week by nearly 50%. Although coach Erik ten Hag has publicly supported him to stay, Degea is still worried that he may not be the number one next season. It is believed that Manchester United have sent scouts to observe Diogo Costa of Porto.

Sunday post

Phil Foden, Jack Goreli and other players watched the Arsenal game on Saturday and witnessed Manchester City winning the Premier League title.

Erik ten Hag expressed surprise at the performance of Brazilian star Casemiro who scored the winning goal against Bournemouth, and admitted that the former Real Madrid player exceeded his expectations: "His contribution is great".

Daniel Levy admitted that the club failed to meet expectations this season, and expressed his understanding of the frustration of fans after a disappointing season, and promised to "make unremitting efforts in the period before next season" to improve the fate of the team.

After Rexham was promoted to Division B, the legendary Morten Gamst Pedersen of Blackburn Rovers revealed that he was "happy" to play for them.

How to improve the navigation accuracy of autonomous robots？ Artificial intelligence： strengthen machine learning!

Robot navigation has become more and more advanced in recent years, but in very crowded environments, such as public areas or roads in urban environments, most robots still cannot navigate accurately. In order to be widely used in smart cities in the future, robots need to be able to navigate reliably and safely in these environments without colliding with humans or nearby objects.

Image source: Martinez-Baselga, Riazuelo & Montano

The collision trajectory of the robot trained by standard exploration strategy (left) and the successful trajectory of the robot trained by intrinsic reward in the same scene.

Researchers from university of zaragoza and Aragon Institute of Engineering recently proposed a new method based on machine learning, which can improve robot navigation in indoor and outdoor crowded environments. This method is used inarXivAccording to a paper published in advance on the server, it is necessary to use intrinsic rewards, which are essentially "rewards" that AI agents get when they perform behaviors that are not strictly related to the tasks they try to complete.

Autonomous robot navigation is an unresolved problem, especially in unstructured and dynamic environments, robots must avoid colliding with dynamic obstacles and achieve their goals.

Facts have proved that the deep reinforcement learning algorithm has high performance in success rate and time to reach the goal, but there are still many places to be improved.

The method introduced by Martinez Baselga and his colleagues uses intrinsic rewards, aiming at increasing the motivation of agents to explore new "states" (i.e. interactions with their environment) or reducing the level of uncertainty in a given scenario, so that agents can better predict the consequences of their actions.

In their research background, researchers specially use these rewards to encourage robots to visit unknown areas in their environment and explore their environment in different ways so that they can learn to navigate more effectively over time.

Compared with the same algorithm with ICM (intrinsic reward), the training index of the most advanced algorithm.

Most deep reinforcement learning for crowd navigation focuses on improving the processing of network and robot perception.

My method studies how to explore the environment during training to improve the learning process. In training, the robot does not try random movements or optimal movements, but tries to do what it thinks it can learn more from them.

The researchers evaluated the potential of using intrinsic rewards to solve robot navigation in crowded spaces in two different ways. The first one integrates the so-called Intrinsic Curiosity Module (ICM), while the second one is based on a series of algorithms called Efficient Exploratory Random Encoder (RE3).

The researchers evaluated these models in a series of simulations, which were run on the CrowdNav simulator. They found that their two methods of integrating intrinsic rewards are superior to the most advanced navigation methods of crowded space robots developed before.

In the future, this research can encourage other robotics experts to use intrinsic rewards when training robots to improve their ability to cope with unforeseen situations and move safely in a highly dynamic environment.

In addition, the two models tested based on intrinsic rewards will soon be integrated and tested in real robots to further verify their potential.

The results show that by applying these intelligent exploration strategies, the robot can learn faster and the final learning strategy is better. And they can be applied to existing algorithms to improve them.

In the next research, it is planned to improve the deep reinforcement learning in robot navigation to make it safer and more reliable, which is very important for using it in the real world.

Shenzhen fans advocate to all citizens to support Shenzu.

Reading Chuang/Shenzhen Business Daily reporter Han Mo

On the afternoon of March 11th, Shenzhen Football Club held a training open day at Lihu Football Training Base. More than 100 fans attended the training and gave encouragement to Shenzu.

Founded in 1994, Shenzhen Football Club (Shenzhen Football Club for short) is one of the first professional clubs that emerged after the professional reform of football in China. It has won the honors of runner-up in 2002 A League, champion in 2004 Super League and the top four in 2005 Asian Champions League, and is a resounding city card of Shenzhen.

At the end of 2021, Shenzu began to fall into various difficulties. Finally, with the guidance and help of Shenzhen Municipal Government, Municipal Bureau of Culture, Radio, Film and Television, Tourism and Sports, Longgang District Government, Shenzhen Investment Control and other units, it obtained various support, and achieved smooth operation in the 2021 and 2022 seasons and relegated to the Super League.

In the 2023 season, Shenzu established a young coaching team with former international Chen Tao as the head of the coaching team. It has been conducting winter training in Shenzhen for nearly a month as planned, and achieving better results in the new season is the common goal of the team.

In the past two years, Shenzu has encountered some practical difficulties. On the 9th, Shenzhen Football Association and other seven major fan organizations in Shenzhen issued a proposal with the theme of "Love Shenzhen to support Shenzu", hoping to attract the attention of all circles in Shenzhen and help Shenzu tide over the difficulties. The fans also brought this 590-word proposal to the open day, and the fans at the scene signed the proposal to express their support and love for Shenzu with practical actions.

The solidarity of the fans has also touched the players in Shenzhen Football Club. Player Zhang Yuan said: "Seeing the fans’ proposal, many fans came to see our training on the open day, which is a great encouragement. I hope we can play our own style and make good results this season. I believe that all difficulties will pass and the club will become better. " Achim Peng, a deep-rooted foreign aid, said: "The attention and encouragement of the fans is the strength for us to continue to do better. We have a large number of fan groups and hope that they will come to the stadium to cheer for Shenzu in the new season. "

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